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VIEWS ON THE EDUCATION OF FAITH IN MYSTICISM Abdullayeva S.B. (Republic of Uzbekistan)
Abdullayeva Surayо Babojonovna - doctoral Student, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article discusses the main purpose of the formation of a healthy religious faith in the teachings of man, mysticism, the Sufis, the science of belief, the contribution of mystic scholars to the formation offaith. The education of faith combines sound religious views, philosophical approaches to personal development, wisdom that serves the spiritual and moral education of people, beliefs about the purity of soul and body, the science of theology and hadith, and led to a form of pedagogical teaching. As a result, mysticism has risen to the level of a philosophical and pedagogical doctrine that reflects the moral values of the peoples of the East and a way of thinking based on sound religious beliefs.
Keywords: mysticism, faith, knowledge, Sufism, saf suffa, safo, sufuh, suf vahdat ul-vujud, zahid, yassaviya, naqshbandiya. purification of faith, morality, contemplation, saint, people, people of the heart, man of the sect, dervish, kalandar, poor.
ВЗГЛЯДЫ НА ВОСПИТАНИЕ ВЕРЫ В МИСТИЦИЗМЕ Абдуллаева С. Б. (Республика Узбекистан)
Абдуллаева Сурайё Бабожоновна - докторант, Ургенчский государственный университет, г. Ургенч, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье обсуждается основная цель формирования здоровой религиозной веры в учениях человека, мистицизма, суфиев, науки о вере, вклада ученых-мистиков в формирование веры. Воспитание веры сочетает в себе здравые религиозные взгляды, философские подходы к развитию личности, мудрость, служащую духовному и нравственному воспитанию людей, убеждения о чистоте души и тела, науку о богословии и хадисах, и привело к форме педагогического обучения . В результате мистицизм поднялся до уровня философско-педагогического учения, отражающего нравственные ценности народов Востока и способ мышления, основанный на здравых религиозных убеждениях.
Ключевые слова: мистицизм, вера, знание, суфизм, саф, суффа, сафо, суфух, суф, вахдат уль-вуджуд, захид, ясавия, накшбандия. очищение веры, нравственность, созерцание, святой, люди, люди сердца, человек секты, дервиш, каландар, бедный.
The teachings of mysticism emerged as a propaganda of a healthy faith at a time when there were various deviations and hesitations in the beliefs of the members of the society (VIII century). At that time, people's greed for wealth and possessions increased. The noble deeds of worship, knowledge, and tradition have been replaced by the accumulation of wealth and the pursuit of luxury. This has led to justified protests from believers. Progressive members of the community praised patience and encouraged people to believe. They encouraged members of the community to learn. Hadith scholars, ascetics, and Sufis were the first to engage in such activities. Sufis, because of their deep knowledge of the Shariat, also realized that the basis of personal education should be the education of faith.
Those who practiced the religion were called spirit men at that time. They were popularly known as saints, public, local people, leaders of sect (tariqat) dervishes, kalandars, and the poor. Later, their ideas became a single doctrine, mysticism, and they themselves were called "Sufis". The word Sufi has several meanings, which, according to Najmiddin Kamilov, are derived from the word "saf", "those who are in the front row", "suffa" - pious people, "safo" - the heart shines like the sun, "sufuh" - the conclusion of something, "suf" - the word philosopher [1].
Sufis were healthy believers who were not dependent on anything. Probably a factor as to why they're doing so poorly. They had a strong influence on those around them, they were able to follow them. They set an example for everyone by their actions, behavior, and words. They did good deeds and encouraged others to do the same. By the IX-X centuries, at the urging of the common people, the khanaqahs had emerged and the sects had been formed.
In the XI-XII centuries, there were a number of mystical schools and series based on the idea of educating the younger generation in the spirit of sound faith. Bukhara and Termez, like many other cities, have gained special attention as centers of mysticism. In the 13th and 14th centuries, religious education reached a new level. This is directly related to the development of mysticism. By this time, religious education had found its expression in the theoretical approaches and practical actions of scholars.
In particular, thinkers such as Imam Moturudi, Yahya Suhravardi, Muhiddin Ibn al-Arabi, Najmiddin Kubro, Farididdin Attar, Ahmad Yassavi, Jalaliddin Rumi, through their wisdom, encouraged people to be steadfast in their faith.
In this regard, Imam Moturidi narrated the following proverbs that are important for the training of faith:
- Be patient, you will succeed;
-Know the greatness of self-awareness; -Beware of the fool who looks wise;" - Be humble in science [2].
Jalaliddin Rumi shows the ways to strengthen the faith through the following proverbs: If you want to know who a person is, look at who he loves; For the sake of the master, do not offend the slave, please.
Oh my soul, take an example, look at every fallen leaf, and it looked at the ground from the sky first;
Hey, friend, no matter what your pain is, may your hope always be in God;
Whoever says I'm all right, know that he's really raw [3].
The Mawlawi sect, founded by Jalaliddin Rumi, is based on religious education.
It was during this period that religious thought began to take precedence over actions based on rational thinking. By the middle of the thirteenth century, an intellectual orientation based on thought began to dominate the education of faith. This aspect of religious education came to be known as "vahdat ul-vujud". Proponents of her case have been working to make the actual transcript of the secrets of world and man, the secrets of the universe, forming thoughts belonging to an ideal man. These ideas were especially evident in the views of Ibn al-Arabi and Jalaladdin Rumi on the education of faith. They put forward clear ideas about man's discoveries, spiritual experiences, inner beauty, and human perfection in real life. In short, in the teachings of mysticism, the views of mankind on the education of faith have found a holistic expression and enriched.
The education of faith combines sound religious views, philosophical approaches to personal development, wisdom that serves the spiritual and moral education of people, beliefs about the purity of soul and body, the science of theology and hadith, and led to a form of pedagogical teaching. As a result, mysticism has risen to the level of a philosophical and pedagogical doctrine that reflects the moral values of the peoples of the East and a way of thinking based on sound religious beliefs.
In particular, the "Yassaviya" and "Naqshbandiya" sects have shown the peculiarities of religious education. Bahauddin Naqshband devoted all his efforts to cultivating a healthy faith and fighting against badness and superstition. Through the teachings of Naqshbandi, the issues of human perfection and purification of one's faith were widely propagated. The Naqshbandi sect's education is aimed at directing all knowledge to the development of the individual [4].
Hoja Ahror Vali's work is also aimed at forming a healthy religious faith in the community. Mahdumi Azam also managed to deepen the education of faith, which is clearly expressed in the works of mysticism in his works. Hussein Vaiz Kashifi's "Futuvvatnomai Sultaniy" is one of the works that shed light on the scientific basis of religious education.
The teachings of Sufism are based on the tenets of Islam in the education of the faith. An important stage in the development of faith began in the ninth century. Faith education has improved and developed. It includes practical and psychological exercises on faith education, methods and tools for self-education and hardening. Within the framework of the concept of "Sect, enlightenment, truth" were put forward specific directions and ideological foundations of religious education.
Faith-creed strengthens a person's will. This idea is based on a lot of scientific evidence in the classical literature. Navoi: "A real person has many qualities: but the most honorable of them is honesty. An unscrupulous person is not a human being." He goes on to say in the epic Lyson ut-tayr: "If the generosity of the poor is high, then their deeds will be honorable and prestigious [5].
Sufism is a set of precepts aimed at purifying a person by cultivating his faith, and the idea of forming a perfect human being has been described as a leading concept. The concept of the perfect man embodies the idea of cultivating one's faith by purifying one's faith. Sufism is scientifically based on the fact that it is possible to lead a person to perfection, to care for his spiritual growth, and to purify his faith.
References / Список литературы
1. Komilov N. Sufism. T "Movarounnahr", 2009. P. 11.
2. "Aqoid Texts", Translator: Abdulaziz Mansur. [Electronic Resource]. URL: islam.ziyouz.com/ (date of access: 08.06.2022).
3. Proverbs from the book "Open your heart's eyes" by Mawlana Jalaliddin Rumi. Sharq», 2018. P. 69.
4. "Naqshbandiya" Sheikh Muhammad Sadiq Muhammad Yusuf, Hilal edition. «Sharq», 2016. P. 132.
5. NavoiAlisher. "Lison ut-Tayr" (part 1). "Uzsmart", 2011. P. 169.
