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https://doi.org/10.29013/EJLPS-21-2-22-27
Dr. Nguyen Thanh Hai, University of Fire Prevention and fighting, Vietnam E-mail: hung.police114@gmail.com
VIETNAM'S EXPERIENCE IN THE ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF CIVIL DEFENSE FORCE, GRASSROOTS FIRE PREVENTION AND FIGHTING FORCE, SPECIALIZED IN FIRE PREVENTION AND FIGHTING
Abstract. In Vietnam, in the task of ensuring safety in fire prevention and fighting, the on-site force includes the civil defense force, the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force, the specialized position and role game is very important. The law on fire prevention and fighting in Vietnam has specific provisions, creating a legal basis for the organization and operation of this force. The practice of this force in fire prevention and fighting has drawn many good experiences. The article focuses on clarifying the theoretical and legal basis in the organization and activities of civil defense forces, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces, evaluating the achieved results, drawing articles learn from experience as well as recommend measures and solutions to improve the performance of civil defense forces, grassroots fire prevention and fighting forces, specialized in fire prevention and fighting in the coming time, practical requirements are set out.
Keywords: civil defense, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces. 1. Place the problem or part-time regime; Specialized fire prevention and
Fire prevention and fighting activities are always fighting team means the grassroots fire prevention and
large social, that comes from the characteristic that fire can happen anywhere, whenever there appear elements, fire conditions. Therefore, to ensure fire prevention and fighting safety as well as proactively extinguish the fire since its inception is a pervasive principle in fire prevention and fighting at establishments and residential areas, in which, civil defense forces, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces, collectively called on-site forces with a very important role and position, are the core and shock force in the all-people movement. fire prevention and fighting. According to the provisions of the law on fire prevention and fighting in Vietnam, the civil defense team is an organization consisting of people participating in fire prevention and fighting activities, maintaining security and order at residence; grassroots fire prevention and fighting team is an organization consisting of the people assigned the task of fire prevention and fighting at the establishment, operating under the full-time
fighting team organized to meet the specific operation requirements of the establishment decided and managed by the head of the agency or organization.
Reality in Vietnam shows that these are the main forces that have a core position, in place in the task of ensuring safety in fire prevention and fighting. Because they are people who live and work at the facility or residential area, they should fully grasp the characteristics and situation of the facility, residential area, so they can be active in all aspects of office work. Fire and fire on the spot, helping heads of agencies, organizations, facilities as well as grassroots authorities in fire prevention and fighting.
2. Vietnamese law provisions on the organization, management, establishment and operation of civil defense forces, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces
Recognizing the position and importance of the civil defense force, the grassroots fire prevention and
fighting force, specialized in ensuring fire prevention and fighting safety at the facility, residential area, after With the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting in 2001 up to now, the legal system on fire prevention and fighting in general and the provisions of the law on local forces in particular have been gradually improved, creating a legal basis. for the organization and activities of this force in fire prevention and fighting.
The Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting in 2001 and the Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting 2013 (referred to as the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting) have general provisions on this force. The concept of civil defense force, grassroots fire prevention and fighting force is specified in Article 3; the concept of a specialized fire prevention and fighting force is mentioned in Clause 3, Article 44; regulations on the fire prevention and fighting force are in Article 43, accordingly, in Vietnam, the fire prevention and fighting force includes: the civil defense force, the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force, the fire prevention force specialized fire and fire fighting force, the fire prevention and fighting police force; the establishment and management of civil defense teams, grassroots fire prevention and fighting teams, specialized fire prevention and fighting teams are specified in Article 44, under which the President of the commune-level People's Committee shall decide the establishment, civil defense team management; The heads of agencies or organizations shall decide on the establishment and management of grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting teams. Along with that, in Article 45 stipulates the tasks of the civil defense force, the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force; Training, retraining, directing, testing, professional guidance, mobilization and regimes and policies for this force are specified in Article 46. In addition, Article 46a of the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting has voluntary fire prevention and fighting regulations, whereby the commune-level People's Committee, the head of the facility, and the fire prevention and
fighting police force are responsible for facilitating and encouraging organizations and individuals. volunteering to participate in fire prevention and fighting; People volunteering to participate in fire prevention and fighting are added to the civil defense team or the grassroots fire prevention and fighting team.
Concretizing the provisions of the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting, the guiding documents have more specific provisions on the organization and operation of the civil defense force, the fire prevention force and fire fighting at grassroots and specialized branches, as shown in the Government's Decree No.136/2020/ND-CP; Circulars of the Ministry of Public Security such as Circular No.149/2020/TT-BCA, Circular No.150/2020/TT-BCA... These regulations have formed a solid legal basis for the force civil defense, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces as well as heads of agencies, organizations, establishments, local authorities, and the Fire department, have well performed the roles and responsibilities of be involved in fire prevention and fighting, do well in the prevention of fire and explosion, prevent and limit damage caused by fire and explosion, ensure fire prevention and fighting safety, contribute to economic development. social design, international integration.
3. Practical organization and operation of civil defense forces, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces in Vietnam
On the basis of the law provisions on fire prevention and fighting, to be aware of the importance in the organization and operation of the civil defense force, the grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting force, in recent years. The Party, State, Government of Vietnam, ministries, departments, branches and local authorities all over the country pay much attention to this force in fire prevention and fighting. For the civil defense force, in order to promote the core role in fire prevention and fighting in residential areas according to the motto "four in place" (on-site forces, vehicles on-site, logistics on-spot, on-the-spot command), policies
on civil-defense development have been specified in legal documents guiding the implementation of the law, focusing on issues such as organizational model, payroll, policy regimes, equipment such as Decree No.136/2020/ND-CP; Joint Circular No.52/2015/TTLT/BCA-BLDTBXH-BTC; Circular No.150/2020/TT-BCA... Currently, Vietnam has 42,462 civil defense teams, with 461,833 members [1]. Under the direction of the local authorities, especially the commune-level People's Committee, the organization and activities of this force have been paid attention, the quality of activities has been improved step by step, basically meeting the requirements. of work in place.
For the grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces, currently in Vietnam there are 172,885 grassroots fire prevention and fighting teams, with 1,536,970 members; 200 specialized fire prevention and fighting teams, with 4,857 members [1]. The establishment of a grassroots fire prevention and fighting force has more advantages, as most of them are workers at the grassroots level. Many agencies, organizations and facilities have paid attention and invested in policies, organized periodic training and training, equipped with means, so the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force has promoted plays a key role in the prevention, detection, and suppression of up to 60% of fires and incidents right from the start, not letting the fire spread, big fires. As for the specialized fire prevention and fighting force, according to the provisions of the law on fire prevention and fighting in Vietnam, the specialized fire prevention and fighting team is established in the facilities of particular nature. large scale, with high risk of fire and explosion and complexity. The specialized fire prevention and fighting teams are trained and periodically trained in fire prevention and fighting skills by the Fire Department, which are suitable for each specific audience. Compared with the civil defense force and the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force, the organization and operation of the specialized fire prevention and fighting force are stricter.
Fire is relatively complete, some places are equipped with modern.
From the above issues and the survey practice shows that, in the process of organizing, the activities ofthe civil defense force, the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force have been paid great attention by all levels, departments and branches. This force has basically promoted its role and responsibility in the work of ensuring safety in fire prevention and fighting, has done a good j ob of advising, proposing to promulgate regulations and rules on safety. fire and fire fighting at places where we live, work, produce or do business; has known to organize the propagation and dissemination oflaw and knowledge about fire prevention and fighting, building a movement of mass participation in fire prevention and fighting in accordance with the characteristics ofthe residential area and their establishments; to well inspect and urge the observance of regulations and rules on fire prevention and fighting; implementing basically the organization of professional training and fostering on fire prevention and fighting; know the basic knowledge about building plans, preparing forces and means and performing fire-fighting tasks when a fire occurs; participate in fire prevention and fighting sports to multiply advanced examples... However, the practical organization and operation of the civil defense force, the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force, specialized in Vietnam still has shortcomings and limitations such as: the establishment ofa civil defense force only reaches 23% (42,462/184,368), the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force reaches 66% (172,885/262,126).), the specialized fire p reven-tion and fighting force only reached 63% (200/317) [1]. Along with that, the model of the civil defense team in some places is not yet suitable for the socioeconomic conditions, especially in wards with a population protection board, at the commune level, there is a commune police station. Many localities do not have a civil defense team. In the current residential areas, people who are healthy, young and capable participate in production and business activities, the rest of the population is elderly, children, so they are not healthy
enough, the ability to join the civil defense team. Most of the localities of Vietnam, especially the commune level, still have many difficulties in budget, so there is no allocation of funds to maintain the operation of the militia force, so the rate of establishment of civil defense teams is still low. In addition, fire prevention and fighting activities have not been paid attention to, so experience and capacity are limited. Although the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force organizes and operates with more conditions than the civil defense force, there is still a formal status, not paying attention to training and coaching. or inadequate participation, so the handling of the fires right from the moment they arise is confused and ineffective. Members of the grassroots fire prevention and fighting teams, mostly officers and employees, work part-time, only work during office hours, so in the evenings, on holidays, the standing force is not guaranteed., encounter many difficulties when a fire or explosion occurs. For the specialized fire prevention and fighting force, the establishment and maintenance of operations also face many difficulties, due to the arrangement of specialized fire prevention and fighting personnel, 24/24 permanent firefighting, The qualifications required by law are high, so staff members have not been arranged and joined to join the specialized fire prevention and fighting team. In addition, in Vietnam, there is a regulation on volunteer force in the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting, however, after many years, this provision has not come to life.
The above shortcomings are due to many objective and subjective reasons. Regarding subjective reasons, awareness of responsibility towards the organization and activities of the civil defense force, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces of some committees, local authorities, and heads limited agencies, organizations and establishments; some regulations of the law on fire prevention and fighting have been delayed or have not yet been specified; A number of civil defense teams, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting teams have not brought into play its core and shock
role in advising and implementing fire prevention and fighting in localities and establishments. Regarding objective reasons, economic conditions and budget are not guaranteed; infrastructure conditions are inadequate and asynchronous; State budget does not regulate recurrent expenditures for fire prevention and fighting in general and the organization and operation of this force in particular, so it is difficult for units and localities to implement.
4. Lessons learned and recommendations and recommendations to improve the organizational and operational efficiency ofthe civil defense force, the grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting force in Vietnam in the coming time
Based on the results achieved in the organization and activities of the civil defense force, the grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting force in Vietnam over the past time, some lessons can be drawn as follows:
The role of the Party committees and authorities at all levels, especially at the commune level in leadership and direction of implementation is the decisive factor in the effective implementation of the provisions of the law on fire prevention and fighting. with civil defense forces, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces. Reality shows that, where and when, this force is concerned by committees and authorities at all levels, leading, directing, guiding, inspecting, and urging in time, there and then, the force This operation is effective, quality, fully guaranteed with logistics conditions, policies and means for operation;
The full implementation of the responsibilities of local leaders, agencies, organizations and establishments is decisive to the quality and efficiency of the organization and operation of the civil defense force, the fire prevention and fighting force. fire facility, specialized. Reality shows that, in any locality or facility, the leader is well aware of his responsibility for the organization and activities of this force, in that locality, this force performs the effective fire prevention and fighting tasks, the depth and situation of fire and explosion are
limited, eliminated or detected and handled in time, without causing serious human damage. and property;
The fire prevention and fighting police force plays an important role in the organization and operation of the civil defense force, the grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting force. This is the armed force, performing its functions and duties in accordance with the law on fire prevention and fighting. In particular, the implementation of responsibilities in advising and proposing; in the propaganda organization; to train and foster the fire prevention and fighting skills for this force, so that this force can have the capability, knowledge, capacity and qualifications to perform the fire prevention and fighting task;
This force itself must be aware of its responsibility in on-site fire prevention and fighting as the leading factor leading to the quality of the work, ensuring fire prevention and fighting safety for facilities and zones. residential. From the right perception to the right and correct action, the fire and explosion situation is curbed, the loss of life and property is significantly reduced.
From the practical organization of activities, from the lessons learned as above, in the coming time, to the civil defense force, the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force, to organize and operate with quality, Effective, attention should be paid to some of the following measures:
Continue to review, supplement and complete legal provisions on the organization and operation of civil defense forces, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces. In particular, to review and supplement the functions and tasks of the civil defense force, the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force. Adding to Article 45 of the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting, the rescue and rescue tasks for this force. It is necessary to agree on the concept of a specialized fire prevention and fighting force according to Article 44 of the Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting and accordingly, the phrase "specialized" must be added to the end of the name ofArticle 45. In addition, it is necessary to detail the
organizational model of this force in establishments and residential areas, avoiding general and unclear regulations.
Improve the operational capacity of civil defense forces, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces. This solution should be considered and implemented, stemming from the shortcomings of this force's operation. Accordingly, this force needs to be fostered, trained, fully equipped with knowledge and skills on fire prevention and fighting, not only mastering its responsibilities and duties but also being able to implement a effective way.
Heads of agencies, organizations and establishments need to fully and deeply realize their responsibilities for the operations of civil defense forces, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces. Not only taking care of the guaranteed conditions such as regimes, policies, logistics, and vehicles, but also orienting and directing the implementation of fire prevention and fighting programs and plans as well as guide the good implementation of all aspects of work at establishments and residential areas.
The fire prevention and fighting police force is the core in the state management of fire prevention and fighting, it is necessary to perform well its responsibilities for the activities of the civil defense force, the fire prevention and fighting force. fire facility, specialized. Not only advising and proposing heads of agencies, organizations and facilities to pay attention to the force's activities, but the fire department must also do well and regularly train. techniques and tactics in fire fighting, rescue and salvage; fostering knowledge and law on fire prevention and fighting; check, supervise, urge and promptly remind.
Organize preliminary review, review, regular and periodic assessment of the performance quality of the civil defense force, the grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces. Studying the shortcomings and limitations should have remedial measures in the process of organizing and operating. Replicating good models, practices for other units, agencies and residential areas to study and study, con-
tributing to creating a posture ofthe movement ofthe entire population for fire prevention and fighting
5. Conclusion
Vietnam is a developing country, in the process of international integration, many issues have been and will be posed for the work of ensuring fire prevention and fighting safety, meeting the requirements of economic development. society, the era of technological revolution 4.0. Vietnam's experience in the organization and activities of civil defense forces, grassroots
and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces is not much, but also encouraging, it is necessary to continue to study, share and replicate the achieved results, overcoming the limitations, well implementing the solutions and measures proposed above, contributing to improving the capacity and fighting strength of the civil defense force, the grassroots fire prevention and fighting force. to ensure stable security, order and safety in fire prevention and fighting, promote sustainable development.
References:
1. The Government (2019). Report No.233/BC-CP dated May 23, 2019 of the Government on the implementation of policies and laws on FPF for the period 2014-2018;
2. The Department of Fire Prevention, Fighting and Rescue and Rescue - Ministry of Public Security, Reports on summary of work for the year 2014-2020 of the Department of Fire Prevention, Fighting and Rescue and Rescue.
3. Department of Fire Prevention, Fighting and Rescue - Ministry of Public Security, Report No. 580 / BC-BCA-C07 dated November 21, 2018 on the Summary of 05 years of implementation of Plan No. 91/KH -BCA-C66 dated April 24, 2013 on implementation of measures to prevent and prevent big fires.
4. Department of Fire Prevention, Fighting and Rescue - Ministry of Public Security (2020), System of legal documents on fire prevention, fighting and rescue and salvage.
