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Section 2. International law
https://doi.org/10.29013/EJLPS-19-3-9-13
Dr. HoangNgoc Hai, Head of Department of Law, Public Security Practices - University of Fire E-mail: [email protected]
STATE MANAGEMENT ON FIRE PREVENTION AND FIGHTING FOR URBANITIES IN VIETNAM - THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES, MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Abstract. In the current period of international integration, urban areas in Vietnam are growing rapidly. Many problems are posing in the revolution of science and technology 4.0. The article focuses on clarifying theoretical issues on state management of fire prevention and fighting for urban areas, assessing, surveying and analyzing practical state management on fire prevention and fighting for the urbanities of the subjects of state management in Vietnam over the past time, since then, study and propose feasible measures, improve the effectiveness and efficiency of state management on fire prevention and treatment. fires, ensuring safety in fire prevention and fighting, meeting the requirements of sustainable development in the coming time.
Keywords: Urban in Vietnam; State management on fire prevention and fighting.
1. Set the problem many challenges for fire prevention and fighting in
Urban areas in Vietnam are urban areas, includ- general and state management on fire prevention and
ing cities, towns and townships, which are recog- fighting in particular for urban areas, to ensure safety
nized by decision makers in Vietnam. Accordingly, in fire prevention and fighting in urban areas, serving
up to May 5, 2019, there are 833 urban areas in Viet- the requirements of economic development, society,
nam, including 02 special-class cities, namely Hanoi security, order, environment ... in urban areas. and Ho Chi Minh City, 20 grade-I urban centers, 2. Theory of state management of fire preven-
29 urban centers of grade II and 45 dollars. market tion and fighting in urban centers type III, 85 cities of type IV and 652 grade V urban In Vietnam, many scientists have approached and
areas. Urban centers function as integrated centers or studied state management on fire prevention and
centers of specialized branches, national levels, inter- fighting or research on urban planning and develop-
provincial, provincial, district or one-level centers. ment, but so far, no scientific work has been studied
the center of the region in the province, plays a role a systematic and comprehensive way of state man-
in promoting the socio-economic development of agement on fire prevention and fighting for urban
the whole country or a certain territory. Along with areas. Therefore, in order to approach research and
the process of urbanization, has been and will pose improve the theory as well as to build and propose
additional legal corridors in the state management of fire prevention and fighting for urban areas, it is necessary and meaningful. important in applying theory to practical state management on fire prevention and fighting in Vietnam today.
According to the Urban Planning Law of the Socialist Republic ofVietnam, urban areas are areas with high population density and mainly in non-agricultural economy, which is the main center. administrative, administrative, economic, cultural or specialized, playing a role in promoting the socio-economic development of the country or a territory, a locality, including the city and suburbs of the city; inner towns and suburbs of the town; town. Thus, it can be seen that the urbanities are an area with high population density, mainly production and business activities, being a political, economic and social center of a locality, a region, including cities, towns and towns.
Along with that, through research, it is possible to understand fire prevention and fighting for urban areas: Synthesizing measures, organizational, technical and technological solutions applied in urban areas to eliminate or limit processing causes and conditions of fire here; is a combination of people and means in applying methods, tactics to save people, save assets, prevent the spread and extinguish fires in a timely and effective manner, ensuring security and disobedience self and environment in urban areas.
From the above arguments, the initial approach to research, according to us, the state management offire prevention and fighting for urban areas is an organized impact and adjusted by the legal power of the state. For fire prevention and fighting activities in urban areas of authorized subjects, to minimize the occurrence of fires and damage caused by fires, contributing to protecting lives and protecting property of the house. water, organization and individuals, environmental protection, security, social order and safety.
Accordingly, pursuant to Article 57 of the Fire Code, the content of state management on fire prevention and fighting for urban areas includes: Building and directing the implementation of strategies, plan-
ning and plans on fire protection for urban areas; issue, guide and organize the implementation oflegal documents on fire prevention and fighting for urban areas; propaganda, education and dissemination of laws and knowledge about fire prevention and fighting; building the movement of the entire fire prevention and fighting in urban areas; organizing and directing fire prevention and fighting activities in urban areas; equipping and managing fire prevention and fighting facilities in urban areas; inspecting, examining, handling violations, settling complaints and denunciations and investigating fires in urban centers.
2. Practical state management on fire prevention and fighting in urban areas in Vietnam today
Recognizing the importance of state management on fire prevention and fighting in general and state management on fire prevention and fighting for urban areas in particular, after the Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Fire Code was passed by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Prime Minister signed Decision No. 493/QD-TTg dated April 8, 2014 issuing detailed implementation plans the law. The ministries, branches and localities have closely followed the direction of the Government, concretized by plans, directives and action programs. Since 2014, the Government has issued 09 Decrees and 02 Resolutions related to fire prevention and fighting; The Prime Minister issued 05 Decisions, 03 Directive, 11 Electricity and Directive documents. The promulgation of the above documents has complied with the regulations on competence, order, procedures and contents to ensure constitutional, legal, practical requirements for fire prevention and fighting work. On that basis, the ministries and branches within their management have elaborated and promulgated 24 Circulars to guide the implementation of the legislation on fire prevention and fighting; issued many directives, electricity, instructions and instructions on this work. So far there are over 150 standards and technical regulations related to fire prevention and fighting, of which over 50% of regulations and standards directly regu-
late fire prevention and fighting, of which mainly focus on fire prevention and fighting in urban areas. Thus, it can be seen that, the work of advising and proposing the issuance of documents related to state management on fire prevention and fighting for urban centers is very interested in implementing, creating facilities and practices. a solid legal framework for state management entities to perform their duties.
Along with that, propaganda, dissemination and legal education, knowledge of fire prevention and fighting have been strengthened, there are innovations in content and form. From 2014 to 2018, it was posted on the mass media of 62.320 news and articles; broadcast 3.173 reports, documentaries on fire prevention and fighting; issue 308.997 zippers, slogans and 4.025.005 leaflets, recommendations on fire prevention and fighting; print copies, issue 7.296 tapes and CDs to propagate on fire prevention and fire safety ... All of these activities are aimed primarily at managed subjects in urban areas. In the work of approval, pre-acceptance test of fire prevention and fighting in urban areas, in the past 5 years, the police force of the Ministry of Public Security has been appraising and approving the design for fire prevention and fire fighting for 58,504 projects; organized acceptance for 29.230 projects and works in urban areas. Besides, for the inspection, examination and handling ofviolations of regulations on fire prevention and fighting for management objects in urban areas, it is very interested, in the last 5 years, agencies The function has conducted 357 inspections of the observance of the law on fire prevention and fighting; organizing fire safety and fire safety inspection 1,575,154, issuing 98,384 official letters proposing to overcome loopholes and shortcomings in fire prevention and fighting. Contents, regimes and procedures for conducting inspections and inspections shall comply with current law provisions; Thereby, it was fined with a total budget of over VND 200 billion, suspended operation of 1.956 cases, temporarily suspended 2.720 cases ... On the other hand, in the
implementation of state management functions fire prevention and fighting of the subjects under management, also deploying synchronously other measures such as fire fighting, building fire prevention and fighting forces in urban areas, national cooperation on fire prevention and fire fighting, the implementation of compulsory fire and explosion insurance, the settlement of complaints and denunciations...
However, besides the above results, in the state management of fire prevention and fighting for urban areas, there are still limitations and shortcomings such as: advising and proposing the issuance ofdocuments detailing and guiding fire prevention and fighting for a number of specific areas in urban centers such as mini condominiums, super high-rise buildings . not yet issued; effectiveness ofpropaganda on fire prevention and fighting is not high, awareness and awareness of a part of people in urban areas is still limited; There are still 2.662 dangerous fire and explosion projects put into use, which have not been approved for design and approval or approved but not yet approved for fire prevention and fighting, as ofJuly 2018, Vietnam. 110 apartment buildings and high-rise buildings have been put into operation by investors but have not been tested for fire prevention and fighting; about 60% of urban areas in Vietnam have not been planned for urban fire fighting water supply; building civil defense fire prevention and fighting forces, grassroots and specialized fire prevention and fighting forces that have not been given adequate attention; investment, equipment for fire prevention and fighting activities is still slow, unsecured ... The cause of these problems is due to awareness of responsibility for fire prevention and fighting activities of a limited number of committees, local authorities, heads of agencies, organizations and establishments in urban areas; Some provisions of the law on fire prevention and fighting are still slow to implement; Infrastructure conditions in urban areas are still inadequate, incomprehensive, especially the planning of transport systems, water sources, communications for degradation and fire fighting .
3. Some lessons learned in Vietnam and propose solutions to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of state management on fire prevention and fighting in urban areas
The results achieved in the state management of fire prevention and fighting for urban areas in Vietnam are due to: The role of the committees, authorities at all levels in the process of implementing, urging and checking the real the provisions of the law on fire prevention and fighting for urban areas are the leading factors; the implementation of responsibilities in fire prevention and fighting for urban areas ofthe heads is a decisive factor for the quality and efficiency of this work; always attach importance to prevention as the main, ensure and maintain safety conditions on fire prevention and fighting in urban areas; propaganda and dissemination of laws and knowledge on fire prevention and fighting are taken seriously; planning, building and implementing strategies and plans on socio-economic development of urban centers must be closely linked and ensured in sync with the planning on fire prevention and fighting; management subjects, especially the fire prevention and fighting police of the Ministry of Public Security have done well the state management on fire prevention and fighting for urban areas, minimizing the damage caused by fire and explosion, ensuring safety in fire prevention and fighting in urban areas.
In addition, in order to ensure sustainable development of cities in Vietnam in the coming time, in the state management of fire prevention and fighting, it is necessary to continue to thoroughly grasp and implement a number of measures and solutions. after:
Firstly, continue to rase awareness as well as the responsibility of the Party committees, local authorities in leading and directing the implementation of the provisions of the law on fire prevention and fighting; units and localities continue to build a scheme on socio-economic development planning in urban areas in association with fire prevention and fighting work, especially ensuring infrastructure such as transportation, water sources and systems. commu-
nication system as well as ensuring funding for fire prevention and fighting activities.
Secondly, promote the propagation and dissemination of laws and knowledge on fire prevention and fighting for objects in urban areas so that people can voluntarily comply with and implement the provisions of the law on fire prevention. and fire fighting, participating in the movement ofthe entire population for fire prevention and fighting; continue to improve the content, renew propaganda forms and measures; integrate knowledge and skills on fire prevention and fighting into curricula and extracurricular activities in schools and educational institutions in Vietnam; to build a movement for the entire population to participate in fire prevention and fighting with the motto "4 in place"; continue to consolidate on-the-spot forces that are key to fire prevention and fighting in urban areas.
Thirdly, continue to review, study, supplement and perfect the legal system on fire prevention and fighting in general and for urban areas in particular, especially the addition of national technical regulations to the rooms. fire and fire fighting in urban areas; strengthening measures of state management on fire prevention and fighting, in which focusing and attaching importance to the inspection and examination of fire prevention and fighting work in condominiums, high-rise buildings and trade centers, markets ..., strictly handling acts of violating regulations on fire prevention and fighting; to focus on directing and definitely handling establishments and works in urban centers which fail to ensure fire prevention and fighting safety and put them into use before the 2001 Fire Code.
Fourthly, focus on synchronously implementing measures to prevent fire and explosion in urban areas, because this is the center of politics, economy, culture and society of the locality, special attention is needed.; effective solutions and measures are needed to prevent the factors leading to big fires and explosions and serious damage; build coordination mechanism among forces; concentrating resources to build and deploy synchronously infrastructure and
techniques on fire prevention and fighting; research and application of science and technology for fire prevention and fighting for urban areas in Vietnam.
Fifthly, continue to consolidate the organization model of local police police fire prevention and fighting forces, ensure regularity, elite, modern steps, professional skills, techniques and curing tactics fire;
investment in budgets, regimes, facilities and means and ensure conditions for tools for fire prevention and fighting in urban centers; strengthening and expanding international cooperation in the field of fire prevention and fighting; exchanging, sharing experiences, applying advanced techniques and technologies to other countries.
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