CC BY
15
DOI: https://doi.Org/10.23670/IRJ.2019.83.5.023
ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ОЦЕНКА БАРАНИНЫ ПОСЛЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ
АКТИВНОЙ ДОБАВКИ «ЙОДДАР»
Научная статья
Рыжова Д.Д. *
ORCID: 0000-0002-3853-8127, Аграрно-технологический институт РУДН, Москва, Россия
* Корреспондирующий автор (Ross1313[at]mail.ru)
Аннотация
В работе приведены результаты исследований влияния препарата Йоддар на качество мяса МРС. Было установлено, что при применении баранам опытной группы препарата Йоддар мясо по всем показателям качества соответствует нормам, а также по некоторым показателям лучше мяса контрольной группы. Целью исследования стало изучение влияния биологически активной добавки «Йоддар» на основные показатели безопасности и качества мяса овец, полученного от животных, находящихся в условиях биогеохимической по йоду провинции. В ходе эксперимента у животных всех групп учитывался прирост живой массы и затраты корма на 1 кг прироста живой массы. Убой животных для проведения ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы был проведен на убойном пункте. При этом «Технологическая инструкция по переработке скота на предприятиях мясной промышленности» была соблюдена в полном объёме. Микроскопические и бактериологические показатели мяса баранчиков существенных отличий не имели и соответствовали норме, однако лучшие показатели отмечены у мяса, полученного от опытной группы, что можно объяснить бактерицидными свойствами йода, переходящего в ткани организма. Препарат «Йоддар» можно рекомендовать к широкому использованию для овцеводческих хозяйств РФ, из-за его положительного влияния на обмен веществ, прирост живой массы и отсутствия негативного влияния на безопасность и качество мяса.
Ключевые слова: препараты йода, Йоддар, ветеринарно-санитарная экспертиза баранины, овцеводство, бараны, качество мяса, безопасность продуктов.
VETERINARY AND SANITARY EVALUATION OF MUTTON AFTER USING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE FEED
ADDITIVE "YODDAR"
Research article
Ryzhova D.D. *
ORCID: 0000-0002-3853-8127, ATI PFUR, Moscow, Russia
* Corresponding author (ross1313[at]mail.ru)
Abstract
The results of studies of the effect of drug Yoddar on the meat quality of small cattle are given. It was revealed that when using the rams of the experimental group of drug Yoddar, meat meets the standards in all quality indicators, besides for some indicators it is better than meat in the control group. During the experiment, live weight and cost per 1 kg of live weight of animals of all groups are taken into account. Veterinary-sanitary examination was carried out on the slaughter site. Besides, the "technological instruction for waste processing at the enterprise of the meat industry" was fully observed. The microscopic and bacteriological indicators of the meat rams do not show that they have the best indicators that can be obtained from the experimental groups, which can explain the bactericidal properties of iodine, which enter into the body tissues. The obtained results suggest that the use of biologically active feed additive Yoddar on sheep farms of the Russian Federation is advisable because of its positive effect on metabolism, weight gain and the absence of negative impact on the safety and quality of meat.
Key words: "Yoddar" medication, Yoddar, veterinary-sanitary evaluation of mutton, sheep breeding, sheep, meat quality, food safety.
Introduction
Intensification and increase in livestock production, particularly in its sheep rearing sub-branch, requires the use of new remedies and medications. One of them is biologically active feed additive "Yoddar", which makes it possible to correct iodine insufficiency of cattle, that is common for the majority of regions with efficient sheep rearing (Altai Krai, Buryatia, Vladimir and Moscow regions, The North Caucasus, Stavropol Krai and others) [1], [3], [8]. Endemicity of iodine deficiency in the regions of the Russian Federation is typical and emerges strictly in those areas (biogeochemical provinces), where iodine content in soil and water is comparatively low [2], [9], [10].
Through the effect of iodine on metabolism towards its enhancing, iodine conduces to better feed conversion, correction of the biochemical blood indicators, improvement of semen quality and, as a result, to accelerating of height and gaining of live weight, increasing of the ewe conception rate and the quantity of lambs. The conducted studies proved the effective use of feed additive "Yoddar" in preventing iodine deficiency of sheep as well as in increasing the output in the state of biogeochemical provinces on the territory of the Russian Federation. Nonetheless, there is no information concerning the impact of "Yoddar" drug on the safety and quality data of sheep rearing products, particularly on mutton.
The goal of the research was to study the impact of biologically active feed additive "Yoddar" on the basic safety data and meat quality, produced from the animals living in the state of provinces, which are biogeochemical in iodine.
The task was to make veterinary-sanitary evaluation of lamb under nutritional intervention of biologically active feed additive "Yoddar".
Materials and methods
20 Romanov rams (belonging to FSBSI "All-Russia Sheep and Goat Breeding and Research Institute" Russian Academy of Sciences, OAO "Stavropolskoye", "Pedigree farm") of the same age and with the clinical features of hypothyrosis were subdivided into two groups: the first one (the control one) was fed with the basic diet, common for agriculture: hay of various grasses, concentrated feedstuff (oat 20% + barley 30% + wheat 30% + corn 20%), mineral food (cattle salt and chalk). The second group (the experimental one) was fed with the basic diet + "Yoddar" at a daily dose of 100 mcg.
The animals were kept under the same conditions, the experiment lasted for 90 days, "Yoddar" was given to each animal individually in the course of feeding in pills.
In the course of the experiment live weight gain and feed spending per 1 kg of the live weight gain were taken into consideration. The slaughter for the inspect for disease and sanitation was carried out on the slaughter unit. "Processing Instruction for Live Stock Dressing in the Meat Packing Industry" (1979) was fully obeyed.
The studied data: the dynamics of live weight gain of ram lambs, the organoleptic parameters of meat (according to GOST 23392-78), the chemical composition of meat, besides, the microscopic analysis (according to GOST 23392-78) and the bacteriological analysis were carried out.
Results
The total preslaughter live weight of the animals belonging to the experimental group amounted 422 kg, that amounts 106,8% to the control group, the absolute gain in the experimental group within 90 days was 130,4 kg, that amounts 135,5% to the control, the daily average gain in the experimental group amounted 145g daily, that corresponds 126,0% to the control. Thus, the higher pace of live weight gain was observed among the animals of the experimental group, which were on medication "Yoddar" at a daily dose of 100mcg, added to their basic diet (Table 1).
Table 1 - The dynamics of live weight gain of ram lambs
Parameters Group
group I (control) group II (experimental)
Average live weight of a ram, kg 29,12 29,16
Average live weight of a ram before slaughtering, kg 39,5 42,2
Absolute live weight gain per head, kg 10,38 13,04
Daily average live weight gain per head, kg 115 145
Relative live weight gain per head, % 100 126
For defining the organoleptic and physical-chemical parameters certain meat samples of flexor and extensor muscles of forelimbs and hind limbs were taken, rib eye and tissues were used in studying the chemical composition of meat and its offal. The meat samples were analyzed in fresh, right after the slaughtering. The samples were taken according to GOST 7269 - 79. Each sample weighed not less than 200 g.
Organoleptic parameters of the ram lambs fresh meat were estimated commissionly on a scale from one to ten (Table 2).
Table 2 - Organoleptic parameters of ram lambs the fresh meat
Parameters Animal groups and appraisal by points
Group 1 (control) BD
Habit 7,73 Habit
Colour 6,89 Colour
Taste 7,13 Taste
Scent 6,43 Scent
Body 7,53 Body
Avarage appraisal 7,13 Avarage appraisal
According to the results of the organoleptic analysis, inference should be drawn that, there is no significant difference between the meat samples of the control and experimental groups or it remains within the measurement accuracy. Thus, the use of "Yoddaf' additive in the basic diet does not have an impact on the above-mentioned organoleptic parameters of rams meat. The quality of meat is generally influenced by its chemical composition. It accounts for nutritional quality, which is crucial for satisfying human's needs in basic nutrients. Whereas chemical composition is on feeding, biological additives and medications, used in the basic diet of animals. The impact of "Yoddar" drug on the chemical composition of mutton was studied from experiments.
The results are presented in Table 3.
Table 3 - Overall chemical composition and calorific value of meat
Parameters Group 1 (control) BD Group II (Experimental) BD + Yoddar
Water, % 75,33 71,83
Solids, % 21,83 25,13
Protein, % 18,63 20,53
Fat, % 3,13 4,43
Ash, % 0,93 0,93
Calorific value, kcal 101,97 122,26
Lean tissues of the rams, belonging to the first group were marked by higher percentage of moisture: 3,5% more than in the second group. The amount of solids was 3,3% lower, protein was 1,9% lower and fat was 1,3% lower. The amount of ash in lean tissues of the rams from the first and the second groups did not show any considerable differences. According to the table presented, it is possible to relate daily use of "Yoddar" additive in the second group to declining amount of water in meat. The total upgrade of nutritional quality and calorific value in the experimental group, caused by the use of the medication is remarkable as well.
Physical-chemical research data presented in Table 4 does not show any considerable differences and corresponds to the parameters of fresh meat.
Table 4 - Physical-chemical parameters of the fresh ram lambs meat
Parameters Fresh meat Group I (control) BD Group II (experimental) BD+Yoddar
рН 5,7 - 6,2 6,1+-0,12 6,0+-0,14
Reaction with 5% CuSO4 Broth remained transparent Broth remained transparent Broth remained transparent
Reaction of anaerooxydase Positive (blue-green colour, rapidly turning into grayish brown) + +
Content of amino-ammoniac nitrogent (mg/10 cm3 ratio) No more than 1,26 1,10+-0,15 1,06 ± 0,-16 mg.
Microbiological researches allow saying that there are no considerable differences between the meat samples of the experimental and the control groups, both meet regulations. The amount of mesophilic aerobes and facultative anaerobes in the second group is lower than the first one, presumably, on account of bacteriostatic action of iodine.
Table 5 - Microbiological indicators of the fresh rams meat
Parameters Norm Group I (control) BD Group II (Experimental) BD+Yoddar
Coliforms Not allowed 0 0
The amount of mesophilic aerobes and facultative anaerobes, КОЕ*/г, не более 10 3 0
Conclusions
The use of "Yoddar" in the basic diet of rams contributes to the increasing of the dynamics of live weight gaining. Organoleptic and physical-chemical parameters of meat after the use of the medication meet the regulations; this proves that the medication does not have any negative impact on the quality indicators of the products. The chemical composition of the rams meat from the experimental group exhibited upgrading of meat quality comparing to the control group. Microscopic and bacteriological findings of the rams meat were not marked by any considerable differences and met all regulations. Nonetheless, better indicators were characteristic of the meat from the experimental group, this can be explained by microbicidal properties of iodine, entering the tissues.
With regard to the carried out inspection for disease and sanitation and positive results of the veterinary research, "Yoddar" medication can be recommended for common usage on sheep enterprises in the Russian Federation, owing to its positive impact on metabolism, live weight gaining and no negative influence on safety and meat quality data.
Конфликт интересов Conflict of Interest
Не указан. None declared.
Список литературы / References
1. Верещак Н.А. Коррекция йоддефицитного состояния у высокопродуктивных коров с применением кормовой добавки «Йоддар» / Верещак Н.А, Соколова О.В., Белоусов А.И. и др. // Аграрный вестник Урала. -2012. - №10 (102)
- С. 13-14.
2. Манукало С.А. Йодная недостаточность в животноводстве / Манукало С.А., Шантыз А.Х. // Ветеринария Кубани. - 2010. - №5. - С. 7-8.
3. Михайленко А.К. Гормонообразующая функция щитовидной железы в разных экологических зонах / Михайленко А.К., Ашихмина Е.В. // Сб. трудов VIII научно-практ. конференции с межд. участием «Проблемы экологической безопасности и сохранения природно-ресурсного потенциала». - Северный Кавказ, Ставрополь. - 2012.
- С. 89-90
4. Петров А.К. Действие йодсодержащих на биохимические показатели крови и откормочные показатели молодняка овец / Петров А.К., Гнездилова Л.А. // Вестник РУДН. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство. - 2015. -№ 1.
- С. 48-54.
5. Петров А.К. Влияние препаратов йода на качество и оплодотворяющую способность спермы баранов в ставропольском крае / Петров А.К., Гнездилова Л.А. // Вестник АПК Ставрополья. - 2016. - №1. - С. 103-107.
6. Петров А.К. Возможности применения препаратов йода для повышения воспроизводительной способности овцематок и улучшения гормонального статуса ягнят . Петров А.К., Гнездилова Л.А., Петрова Т.Н // Приоритетные научные направления: от теории к практике. - 2015. - № 20-1. - С. 26-30.
7. Петров А.К. Применение препаратов йода для профилактики патологии послеродового периода у овцематок и улучшения гормонального статуса ягнят / Петров А.К., Гнездилова Л.А. // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов (Серия агрономия и животноводство). -М.: РУДН. - 2015. - №3. - С. 95-100.
8. Рыжов А.А. Микроэлементный премикс Хелавит® результаты перспективы / Рыжов А.А. // Farm Animals. -2015. - №1 (8) - С. 39-40.
9. Самохин В.Т. Профилактика нарушений обмена микроэлементов у животных / Самохин В.Т. - Воронеж: Воронежский государственный университет, 2003. - 136 с
10. Талантов В.В. Актуальные проблемы заболеваний щитовидной железы / Талантов В.В. //Тезисы докладов I Всероссийской научно-практической конференции. - М.: 2000. - С. 144
Список литературы на английском языке / References in English
1. Vereshhak N.A. Korrekciya joddeficitnogo sostoyaniya u vy'sokoproduktivny'x korov s primeneniem kormovoj dobavki «Joddar» [Correction of iodine deficiency in highly productive cows with the use of the feed additive "Joddar"] / N.A. Vereshhak, O.V. Sokolova, A.I. Belousov, A.S. Krasnoperov // Agrarny'j vestnik Urala [Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals]. -2012. - №10 (102). - P. 13-14. [in Russian]
2. Manukalo S.A. Jodnaya nedostatochnost' v zhivotnovodstve [Iodine deficiency in animal husbandry] / S.A. Manukalo, A.X. Shanty'z // Veterinariya Kubani [Kuban veterinary medicine]. - 2010. - №5. - P. 7-8. [in Russian]
3. Mixajlenko A.K. Gormonoobrazuyushhaya funkciya shhitovidnoj zhelezy' v razny'x e'kologicheskix zonax [Thyroid gland in different ecological zones ] / Mixajlenko A.K., Ashixmina E.V. // Sb. trudov VIII nauchno-prakt. konferencii s mezhd. uchastiem «Problemy' e'kologicheskoj bezopasnosti i soxraneniya prirodno-resursnogo potenciala» [Sb. works VIII Scientific and practical conference with int. with the participation of "Problems of environmental safety and conservation of natural resource potential." - North Caucasus], Stavropol'. - 2012. - P. 89-90 [in Russian]
4. Petrov A.K. Dejstvie jodsoderzhashhix preparatov na bioximicheskie pokazateli krovi i otkormochny'e pokazateli molodnyaka ovecz [Action of iodine on blood biochemical parameters and fattening parameters of young sheep ] / A.K. Petrov, L.A. Gnezdilova // Vestnik RUDN. Seriya: Agronomiya i zhivotnovodstvo [Bulletin of RUDN. Series: Agronomy and Livestock]. - 2015. -№ 1. - P. 48-54. [in Russian]
5. Petrov A.K. Vliyanie preparatov joda na kachestvo i oplodotvoryayushhuyu sposobnost' spermy' baranov v stavropol' skom krae [The effect of iodine preparations on the quality and fertilizing ability of sheep sperm in the Stavropol region ] / A.K. Petrov, L.A. Gnezdilova // Vestnik APK Stavropol'ya [Bulletin of the APK of Stavropol]. - 2016. - №1. - P. 103-107. [in Russian]
6. Petrov A.K. Vozmozhnosti primeneniya preparatov joda dlya povy' sheniya vosproizvoditel' noj sposobnosti ovcematok i uluchsheniya gormonal'nogo statusa yagnyat [The possibilities of using iodine preparations to increase the reproductive ability ewes and improving the hormonal status of lambs ] / A.K. Petrov, L.A. Gnezdilova, T.N. Petrova // Prioritetny'e nauchny'e napravleniya: ot teorii k praktike [Priority scientific directions: from theory to practice]. - 2015. - № 20-1. - P. 2630. [in Russian]
7. Petrov A.K. Primenenie preparatov joda dlya profilaktiki patologii poslerodovogo perioda u ovcematok i uluchsheniya gormonal'nogo statusa yagnyat [The use of iodine preparations for prevention of postpartum pathology in ewes and improve the hormonal status of lambs] / A.K. Petrov, L.A. Gnezdilova // Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby' narodov (Seriya agronomiya i zhivotnovodstvo) [Russian Herald University of Friendship of Peoples (Series of Agronomy and Livestock)]. -M.: RUDN. - 2015. - №3. - P. 95-100. [in Russian]
8. Ry'zhov, A.A. Mikroe'lementny'j premiks Xelavit® rezul'taty' perspektivy' [Trace element premix Helavit® results prospects] / A.A. Ry'zhov // Farm Animals. - 2015. - №1 (8) - P. 39-40. [in Russian]
9. Samoxin V.T. Profilaktika narushenij obmena mikroe'lementov u zhivotny'x [Prevention of metabolic disorders of trace elements in animals] / V.T. Samoxin. - Voronezh State University, 2003. - 136 p. [in Russian]
10. Talantov V.V. Aktual'ny'e problemy' zabolevanij shhitovidnoj zhelezy' [Actual problems of diseases of the thyroid gland] / V.V. Talantov // Tezisy' dokladov I Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Abstracts of the I All-Russian Scientific Practical Conference]. - M.: 2000. - P. 144. [in Russian]
