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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-1-105-116
Using crossfit elements at physical culture lessons at a higher education
establishment
AleksandraM. Kapralova, Aleksandra Yu. Anisimova*, Natalya A. Moshkina, Svetlana G.
Maksimova M.T. Kalashnikov State Technical University, Izhevsk
Izhevsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-1204-038X, alex-izhevsk@mail.ru ORCID: 0000-0002-5899-91, ffkis@istu.ru* ORCID: 0000-0002-2380-8227, ffkis-mna@mail.ru ORCID: 0000-0001-6484-290X, smaksmova@mail.ru
Abstract: Specialists consider that the new forms of work introduction into educational process is one of the ways to solve the problem of physical upbringing lessons improvement, as they cause students' interest increase. Such forms include crossfit system, which became popular all over the world in recent years, as it is one of the rational approaches, providing more effective physical upbringing of students, health improvement during physical culture lessons. Materials. The effectiveness foundation of crossfit elements use during the main part of the lesson in order to improve physical fitness of students. Research methods. Information sources analysis and summarizing, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. As educational lessons are limited in time, physical culture educational program includes many compulsory elements. Many teachers face the most wide-spread problem - lack of equipment, which prevents crossfit system introduction. However, using the elements of this system during the main part of the lesson makes it more attractive for students, motivates them to attend physical culture lessons, solves the problems of health improvement and physical fitness level increase among young people. Conclusion. The results, received during crossfit methodologies introduction into the main part of the lesson, prove that the methodologies use has a positive influence on the level of physical fitness increase among students and that it is necessary to use crossfit system during the lessons with the boys from the preparatory health group.
Keywords: physical culture at a higher education establishment, crossfit, All-Russian physical culture sports complex (APSC) "Ready for labor and defense", preparatory health group.
For citation: Aleksandra M. Kapralova, Aleksandra Yu. Anisimova*, Natalya A. Moshkina, Svetlana
G. Maksimova. Using crossfit elements at physical culture lessons at a higher education establishment.
Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2022; 17(1): 85-94. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-171-105-116.
Physical upbringing at higher education establishments, as it is mentioned in some works [6], plays an important role in moral and volitional qualities formation, is one of the methods of sport introduction into the life of students, provides the level of mental tension decrease, which is caused by considerable information load, intellectual productivity increase; is the way of an optimal physical load receiving; is an active rest, which is necessary for students [6]. In spite of the fact that physical culture lessons provide motor and applied skills formation, which lead to better adaptation of students to the loads in the chosen profession [7] and health potential of the oncoming generation has a great influence on country development, its
political, economic stability and well-being [3], students' interest in physical culture lessons in terms of higher education establishments decreases. The reasons are the following: lack of correct psychophysical load and comfortable conditions for lessons organization [5], out-of-date forms of lessons organization, monotonous exercises [7].
In her research work with the help of the questionnaire survey Anisimova A.Yu. revealed that only 51,7% of the male respondents and 45,3% of female respondents would attend physical culture lessons if they were not obligatory. 20,7% of boys and 18,6% of girls are interested in physical culture-sports events held at a higher education establishment and have the desire to take part in
them. 28,5% of boys and 24,7% of girls would like to go to sport clubs and take part in the competitions [2].
The results of the questionnaire survey and the results of the research works carried out by different specialists in the sphere of physical culture and sport, prove the contradiction between the necessity to improve health state, physical fitness of young people in Russia and the absence of the interest in physical culture lessons and sport at a higher education establishment.
The aim of the research. The methodology improvement of lessons organization among students at physical culture lessons using crossfit elements in order to develop physical fitness of students.
The object of the research is the
effectiveness substantiation of crossfit elements use during the main part of the lesson in order to improve physical fitness of students.
Research organization
In 2019 we studied the level of physical fitness among boys from the preparatory health group on the basis of Izhevsk State Technical University named after M.T. Kalashnikov. The students had the "General physical training" specialization and were the students of the 1st course. Physical fitness level was studied with the help of pedagogical tests, which reflect the level of power oriented endurance, coordinating abilities, quickness, endurance, speedpower oriented abilities development. The received results were compared with the demands claimed by All-Russian physical culture sports complex (APSC) "Ready for labor and defense" necessary for gold, silver, bronze badge (table 1,2). The tests for endurance determination among boys of the VI step of the age 18-24 years-old - 3000 meters, was changed for the pedagogical test - 1000 meters, as it is more available for realization for boys from the preparatory health group.
Table 1 - The norms of APSC "Ready for labor and defense" fulfillment by the students of the 1st course from the preparatory health group of "General physical training" specialization (included into the
experimental group)
Indices The 1st semester
Gold Silver Bronze Not fulfilled
Dip up, quantity without taking time into account 5% 10% 10% 75%
Arms flexion and extension hanging on the crossbar, quantity 5% 0 10% 85%
Shuttle run 3x10 m, sec. 0 0 0 100%
100 meters running, sec. 0 30% 25% 45%
Standing long-jump, cm 0 30% 25% 35%
Table 2 - The norms of APSC "Ready for labor and defense" fulfillment by the students of the 1st course from the preparatory health group of "General physical training" specialization (included into the
experimental group)
Indices The 1st semester
Gold Silver Bronze Not fulfilled
Dip up, quantity without taking time into account 20% 45% 5% 30%
Arms flexion and extension hanging on the crossbar, quantity 10% 10% 10% 70%
Shuttle run 3x10 m, sec. 0 30% 15% 55%
100 meters running, sec. 0 10% 35% 55%
Standing long-jump, cm 15% 35% 25% 25%
The results presented by tables 1,2 show that in both groups the percentage of RLD complex demands fulfillment is high, especially among boys
from the experimental group. The demands for gold badge are not fulfilled in "shuttle run 3x10 m" and "100 meters running" tests.
Picture 1
Picture 2
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
The demands of RLD complex fulfillment by the students of the l!t course from the preparatory health group, "General physical training" specialization control group
iiJ J i-h
Dipup, Armsflexion Shuttlerun lOOmeters Standing long-
quantity andextension 3xl0m,sec. running,sec. jump,cm withouttaking hangingon the time into crossbar, account quantity
I the 1st semester I the 1st semester the 1st semester I the 1st semester
In this connection in 2020 we started to introduce crossfit system as the main part of the lesson at "General physical training" specialization at Izhevsk State Technical University named after
M.T. Kalashnikov.
The research was held during the academic year 2020-2021. 40 students of the 2nd course (the experimental group- 20 people, control group -
20 people) took part in the experiment. In the experimental group the lessons were organized according to the adopted program of "Physical culture" discipline at "General physical training" specialization using crossfit elements during the main part of the lesson. In the control group the lessons were held according to the adopted program of a higher education establishment. In order to define the effectiveness of the used form of the lesson organization we used the control tests, recommended by Amazyan D.G., Nikolaev E.V., Kozlov I.V., Bogdanov R.A. [1].
The methodology of physical culture lesson organization for the boys from the preparatory health group using crossfit during the main part.
Physical culture lesson with crossfit elements at "General physical training" specialization included the following parts:
1. Warming-up, during which students were taught different exercises and there was the work with the equipment (skipping rope, stuffed ball, step-platform, bodybar, dumbbells and others).
2. The main part included crossfit-training methods: circular, interval, compulsory work with equipment used during warming-up.
3. The final part included the exercises for flexibility development.
An important characteristic of the lessons organization, apart from crossfit system use, was music use instead of the traditional timer. Musical compositions were not fully played, only the definite, grouped parts were played. The tempo and the rhythm of the music were chosen depending on the set aims of the lesson.
The model plan of the lesson, directed toward speed-power oriented qualities development:
1. The preparatory part: warming-up, which includes general developing exercises using gymnastic handles.
2. The main part:
2.1. Improving the technique of "Deadlift" and "Military press" exercises using gymnastic handles.
1.2. Fulfilling the complex of
exercises, which includes the following:
- deadlift of a bodybar 8 kg - 15 repetitions;
- bodybar military press 8 kg from standing position- 15 repetitions;
- army spring - 8 repetitions.
Each exercise is fulfilled within one minute, the rest of the time is given to rest, 5-7 attempts.
3. The final part: exercises for flexibility
development. The model plan of a lesson, directed toward endurance development:
1. Preparatory part: warming-up, which includes which includes general developing exercises using skipping ropes.
2. The main part:
2.1. Improving the technique of "Skipping on two legs" exercise using different ways, "Two legs double jump". 1.3. Fulfilling the complex of exercises, which includes the following:
- arms flexion and extension with the skipping rope up and down, wide grasp (the skipping rope is strained);
- two legs skipping;
- pulling a skipping rope to the abdomen, cubital grasp
- double skipping;
- exercise "Angle", a skipping rope is over the head, wide grasp (the skipping rope is strained), twisting the body, hands down, a skipping rope touches the floor, take the initial position, fulfill the same actions toward the opposite side;
- two legs jumps, touching the floor with the right and the left leg (alternation).
Each exercise is fulfilled during 40 seconds, 10 seconds are given to rest, 5-7 attempts, rest between the attempts is one minute.
3. The final part: exercises for flexibility development.
Research Methods
Information sources analysis, pedagogical testing: dip up (quantity, without taking time into account),
arms flexion and extension hanging on the crossbar (power oriented endurance index); shuttle run 3x10 meters (coordination abilities index); 100 meters running (quickness index); 1000 meters (endurance index); standing long-jump (speed-power oriented abilities index).
Research results and Discussion
During the pedagogical test before and after the research in the experimental and control groups we received the results, presented in tables 3,4,5.
Table 3 - The indices of physical fitness level among boys from the preparatory health group of "General physical training" specialization before the research (mean values)
Groups Indices
Dip up, quantity without taking time into account Arms flexion and extension hanging on the crossbar, quantity Shuttle run 3x10 meters, sec. 100 meters running, sec. 1000 meters running, min. Standing longjump, cm
Experimental group 27 6 9 14,7 4,8 218
Control group 38 7 8.1 14,5 5,02 225
Table 3 presents the results of the pedagogical testing among boys from the preparatory health group of the experimental and control groups. The indices of physical fitness level among the students from the control group exceeded the indices of students from the experimental group before the research and before the elements of crossfit introduction into the main part of the lessons.
Table 4 - The indices of physical fitness level among boys from the preparatory health group of "General physical training" specialization after the research (mean values)
Groups Indices
Dip up, quantity without taking time into account Arms flexion and extension hanging on the crossbar, quantity Shuttle run 3x10 meters, sec. 100 meters running, sec. 1000 meters running, min. Standing longjump, cm
Experimental group 29 8 8,6 14,5 4,4 223
Control group 39 8 8 14,3 4,6 230
Table 4 presents the results of the pedagogical testing among boys from the experimental and control groups after the research and after the elements of crossfit introduction into the main part of the lessons. The results show that the indices of physical fitness level among the boys from the experimental and control groups increased. The results of students from the control group turned out to be higher in the following tests: dip up, shuttle run 3x10 meters, 100 meters running and standing long-jump. The index in "Arms flexion and extension hanging on the crossbar" became equal. In 1000 meters running the indices of students from the experimental group were higher than in the control group, however, the percentage of
physical fitness indices increase: arms flexion and extension hanging on the crossbar, dip up, shuttle run 3x10 meters is higher among the students from the experimental group - 33%, 7% and 5%, in comparison with the same indices of the boys from the control group - 14%, 3% andi%. Equal increase was in 100 meters running, 1000 meters running, standing long-jump - 2%, 9% and 2% (table 5, picture 3).
Table 5 - The increase of the indices of physical fitness level among the boys from the preparatory health
group of "General physical training" specialization, %
Groups Indices
Dip up, quantity without taking time into account Arms flexion and extension hanging on the crossbar, quantity Shuttle run 3x10 meters, sec. 100 meters running, sec. 1000 meters running, min. Standing longjump, cm
Experimental group 7% 33% 5% 2% 9% 2%
Control group 3% 14% 1% 2% 9% 2%
Picture 3
The received results were compared with the demands of APSC "Ready for labor and defense" (pictures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13).
Picture 4
Picture 5
Picture 6
Picture 7
Picture 8
Picture 9
Picture 10
Picture 11
Picture 12
Picture 13
We also see the increase of amount of students, who fulfilled the norms of gold, silver and bronze badge. The exception was shuttle run test. We see indices increase in both groups, however, in the experimental group there were no demands of even bronze badge fulfillment. Though it is important to take into account that initially the indices among boys from the experimental group were lower than in the experimental group, but they show the necessity of further methodology of lessons organization improvement in order to improve coordinating abilities of students.
The received results prove the effectiveness of crossfit system use during the main part of the lesson. Equal increase in 100 meters, 1000 meters running and in standing long-jump among the students form the experimental and control groups is explained by the fact that it is impossible to use crossfit during the lessons in a full volume because of the reasons mentioned above.
Conclusion
The results of the carried out research showed that at a modern stage of society development in Russia "Physical culture" discipline teachers face the following objectives: motivate students to attend physical culture lessons, increase the level of physical fitness, make students fulfill the demands of gold, silver and bronze badge norms of All-Russian physical culture-sports complex "Ready for labor and defense". All this happens in terms of lack of equipment, low interest of students in "Physical culture" discipline and high level of interest in new forms of physical activity, which include crossfit.
The results, received during crossfit methodologies introduction into the main part of the lesson, prove that the methodologies use has a positive influence on the level of physical fitness increase among students and that it is necessary to use crossfit system during the lessons with the boys from the preparatory health group.
References
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Submitted: 24.02.2022 Author's information:
Kapralova A.M. - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of «Physical Culture and Sports Technologies» department; Izhevsk State Technical University named After M.T. Kalashnikov, Russia, Perm region, 617760, Chaykovski, Lenina str., House 67, e-mail: Anisimova A.Yu. - Candidate of pedagogical sciences Associate Professor, Associate Professor of «Physical Culture and Sports Technologies» department; Izhevsk State Technical University named After M.T. Kalashnikov, Russia, Perm region, 617760, Chaykovski, Lenina str., House 67, e-mail: Moshkina N.A. - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of «Physical Culture and Sports Technologies» department; Izhevsk State Technical University named After M.T. Kalashnikov, Russia, Perm region, 617760, Chaykovski, Lenina str., House 67, e-mail:
Maximova S.G. - senior lecturer of "Physical Culture and Sports Technologies" department; Izhevsk State Technical University named After M.T. Kalashnikov, Russia, Perm region, 617760, Chaykovski, Lenina str., House 67, e-mail:_
