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ИСКУССТВОВЕДЕНИЕ
Unforgettable Azerbaijani painter Huseyn Aliyev Sadiqova S.
Гусейн Алиев - незабываемый азербайджанский художник
Садыхова С. Н.
Садыхова Саяара Намик / Sadiqova Sayyara Namig - диссертант, кафедра искусствоведения, факультет искусств, Азербайджанская государственная академия художеств, г. Баку, Азербайджанская Республика
Abstract: in the article prominent painter Hussein Aliyev's life and creative activity is researched. In the article it is noted that Hussein Aliyev was not only a painter of genius he was also a person who had high humane qualities. His caricatures, portraits, landscapes and aquarelle-monotypes were briefly commented in the article. Besides, in research work his collaboration with other great personalities has also been mentioned. Аннотация: в статье исследуются жизнь и творчество знаменитого художника Гусейна Алиева. В статье подчеркивается, что Гусейн Алиев был не только гениальным художником, но и личностью, обладавшей выдающимися человеческими достоинствами. Его карикатуры, портреты, пейзажи, акварельные монотипии комментируются в статье в кратком изложении. Кромо того, в исследовании затрагиваются моменты его сотрудничества с другими выдающимися личностями.
Keywords: caricature, portrait, depict, prejudice, illiteracy, enlightener.
Ключевые слова: карикатура, портрет, изображать, ущерб, неграмотность,
просведитель.
Hussein Aliyev is the first Azeri painter who created masterpieces in different genres of painting. In his early activity the great artist painted a number of caricatures which criticized prejudice, greediness, flattery, money-worshipping, vanity and so on. He depicted fascinating nature of his homeland, portrayed some famous persons, his colleagues, friends in his portraits. Herewith Hussein Aliyev created paintings in aquarelle-monotype style.
Public painter, valuable person, Husseyn Aliyev was born in Jomardli village of Zangazur province in Western Azerbaijan on April 22, in 1911. He was Haydar Aliyev's elder brother, the late president of Azerbaijan. He was not only a great painter but also an indispensable personality. He preferred living with hard toil, with honour and always criticized fame, lasciviousness, superstition, avidity.
In 1918 the Armenians invaders headed by Andranik began to commit massive slaughters in Zangazur. Everybody tried to flee in order to survive including Husseyn Aliyev's family. His father, Alirza carried him on his shoulders to Nakhchivan. At that time he was only 6 years old. They could hardly escape from massive killings committed by foes.
Hussein Aliyev was only 12 when he draw his first landscape tableau. He was fascinated by the admirable beauty of his homeland. Though his primary activity began with landscape paintings he mostly continued to create caricatures whipping various deformities of society. A number of caricatures exposing illiteracy and prejudice were published in Molla Nasraddin journal. He was from one of the pioneers who made an attempt to agitate enlightenment in this journal. He collaborated with a prominent enlightener as Jalil Mammadgoulouzadeh. The great playwright had a profound impact on Husseyn Aliyev's caricatures. Some criticizing ideas sourced from his collaborator, Jalil. The articles written by playwright in Molla Nasraddin demanded a more detailed and descriptive criticism and this was realized by Husseyn Aliyev. The two great genii criticized prejudice, illiteracy and agitated contemporary ideas. The major goal was the same - to enlighten the people. One of the proofs of afore-said claims is shown in
caricature below. In this caricature the burial of old Arabic alphabet is figuratively described. The author exposes and criticizes illiteracy with the personage "Molla Nasraddin" agitating and supporting novelty and modernism (3, 12).
Figure 1. Molla Nasraddin burying old alphabet
The Arabic language was used at that time and everybody couldn't read in this alphabet. In order to be able to read this alphabet people had to go to special madrasas where cruel mullahs taught Arabic beating the students when they couldn't learn. When someone had a letter he had to go to a clerk (Mirza) who could read the Arabic alphabet. Because most of the people couldn't read this snake-and-frog alphabet. To criticize this invisible illiteracy Hussein Aliyev together with Jalil Mammadgoulouzadeh created such a caricature.
Van Coq used to say that caricature was always rich in expressionist ideas. It means that expressionist author always distorts the real features of personages in caricature and reveals the real quality in his own way (4, 382). From this point of view Hussein Aliyev was an expressionist painter following this path.
He studied in Baku Painting Technicon in 1927-1932. As soon as he graduated he continued his higher education in the Institute of Leningrad Painting, Architecture and Sculpture in 1932-1935. He was the first Azeri undergraduate in this Institute. As soon as he came back to Azerbaijan he began to work in Communist newspaper. He became the author and designer of innumerable articles, paintings in this newspaper. Because of printing hardships at that time he did lots of manual corrections in paintings and caricatures which demanded much attention and art. Despite these difficulties he managed to fulfill accomplishments successfully. He loved the members of enlightenment and dedicated those people in his portraits. One of these persons was M. F. Akhundov whose portrait brought him reward in a painting competition in 1939. He also drew a number of people's portraits including the members of his family, friends, workmates. He drew the portraits of those who he had a special sympathy.
Hussein joined the Gold Troops voluntarily in 1942 and activated as a painter in Headquarters. He portrayed some outstanding personalities as V. I. Lenin, Alexander Nevski, Kutuzov in his portraits and drew pictures which inspired warriors to victory. After the Great Patriotic War he came back to Communist newspaper again. On 4th of October in 1935 he became head painter of the newspaper. After gaining independence the title "Communist newspaper" was substituted with "People's newspaper" He worked as a director of Artistic arrangement department more than 50 years.
He was rewarded with the medals and orders for "Defense of Caucasus", "Honorable service in Hinterland in 1941-1945", "30th Anniversary of Great Patriotic War", "People's friendship". He became the member of "Painters' Alliance" in 1940. He gained the title "Honored Artist" in 1976 and "People's Artist" in 1982 (1, 13).
Well-known artist found his love in his workplace. He became a page to his better half, Rougiyya and they had two sons and two daughters. They brought up their children well-bred. All of them got higher education. Husseyn Aliyev never wanted his works to demonstrate in public. He was very mean to show his activity. This is why most of his exhibitions were held after his death. He passed away on July 5, in 1991. With his grandson Adalat Aliyev's initiative and support of Ministry of Culture and Tourism an exhibition was organized in Abu-Dabi, the Emirates in 2004. The minister, Abulfaz Garayev made a speech proving the sense of being proud: "Huseyn Aliyev is not only a prominent representative of Azerbaijani painting , it is - one of the first masters of the schools in our country. He was the first Azerbaijanis, who studied at the Leningrad Academy of Painting" (2). It means: "Hussein Aliyev was not only prominent representative of Azerbaijan painting he was also one of the first masters of our coutry. He was the first Azeri who got education in Leningrad Academy of Painting" The portraits, landscapes copied on flax admired foreign painters and citizens who visited to watch his masterpieces. The artists who watched his paintings wondered why those masterpieces hadn't been demonstrated anywhere before.
Exponents mostly consisted of his portraits in the exhibition which his grand-son had preserved carefully by that time. Adalat Aliyev collected all his paintings considering them valuable heritage left by his grandfather. He also published a book glorifying his grandfather's creative activity. Furthermore, he compiled a journal together with Bayram Hajizadeh, art-critic.
He was physically strong and healthy person. He rarely used to fall ill. In 1986 he was operated in Central Clinic Hospital in Moscow. Unfortunately his health didn't let him work any more after the operation in 1987.
Later period of his creative activity is observed with landscapes and portraits. He was a fan of beautiful nature. He had visited and walked in fascinating places step by step in Azerbaijan. He often used to stand in the lap of nature and observe the beauty bestowed by God. Then he used to depict the wonders of the nature on landscape tableaus. He had fallen in love with nature and wanted everybody to see all these beauties. He was always in a haste while painting as if these natural beauties would disappear and never come back again. He knew the value of natural gift and appreciated this unlike ordinary people. Hussein Aliyev called everybody to love nature, motherland. The most famous landscapes are a serious of Goygol lake.
His aquarelle-monotypes were particularly fabulous with extreme beauty and tenderness. In his time some European countries as France, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany had painters who created masterpieces in this style however the pioneer in this job in Azerbaijan was Hussein Aliyev. To create paintings in aquarelle-monotype needs tenderness, attention, accurate color choice and carefulness. A small mistake can spoil the painting. This genre actually is located between gravure and painting.In XVII century aquarelle technique was applied by A. C. Cozens, T. Hortin, J. O. Fragonar, Y. Rober, F. A. Aleksyev, M. M. Ivanov and others. But as an independent type of this craft it appeared in XIX century. The founder of this technique is considered Italian Giovanni Benedetto Castinglion. The teacher of this craft was Rene Deqas. In 1960-ies this technique is renovated by Raul Dufi, Jean Bazen, Moris Estew, Zao Vou-Ki. In 1979-ies Pierre Riche applied aquarelle technique on Plexiglas (5). It is essential to note that saluble colors in water is supposed to be on the walls of historic dens in Egypt. It was used on the walls of sanctuaries to create mural paintings (6). But it doesn't mean that aquarelle technique was invented at that time. In XVII century Flamandish painters Hendric Avercamp, Albert Quip, Jan Van Qoyen, Adrianne Van Ostade, Roubens and Jordan used transparent water in their paintings (7).
References
1. Madaniyyat. - 2011. - 29 aprel. - S. 13. 2. http://aze.az/news_otkryilas_personalnaya_vy_57023.html.
2. 3liyev 3. H Azarbaycanin Xalq Rassami Hüseyn ôliyev, 2009. 63 sah.
3. Jeoff Martz, Kim Magloire, Theodore Silver Cracking the Act, Princeton Review Publishing L.L.C, New York, 2005, pp 893.
4. José de Los Llanos L'Aquarelle. De Dürer à Kandinsky, Paris, Hazan, 2004 p. 212.
5. Jean-LouisMorelle Aquarelle l'eau créatrice, Éditions Fleurus, 1999. p. 127.
6. Michel Clarke Traduit & adapté par Patrice Bachelard et Pascal Bonafoux, L'aquarelle: la couleur et la transparence, coll. Passion des Arts, Éditions Gallimard, 1993, p. 63.
