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0УДК 37
Soltanov K.
Lecturer of the Department of Theory and Practice of Translation Turkmen National Institute of World Languages named after Dovletmammed Azady (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
TYPES OF MOTIVATION IN LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Аннотация: the article discusses various types of motivation that influence the process of learning foreign languages, such as internal and external motivation, as well as integrative and instrumental motivation. Understanding these types of motivation helps learners and teachers build more effective strategies for successful language acquisition. Particular attention is paid to ways to maintain motivation through cultural immersion, the use of external incentives and personalization of the learning process. It is concluded that the greatest success in language learning can be achieved by combining internal interests and external goals.
Ключевые слова: motivation, learning foreign languages, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, integrative motivation, instrumental motivation, cultural immersion, learning strategies.
The process of learning a foreign language is complex and multifaceted, requiring sustained effort over time. One of the key elements that drives success in this area is motivation. Understanding the different types of motivation that influence language learning can help both learners and educators create more effective strategies for language acquisition. Broadly, motivation in learning foreign languages can be classified into two main categories: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Additionally, integrative and instrumental motivations play significant roles, further influencing how learners approach the task of language learning.
1. Intrinsic Motivation.
Intrinsic motivation refers to the internal desire to learn a language for the sake of personal satisfaction and fulfillment. People who are intrinsically motivated
enjoy the learning process itself — they find it stimulating, engaging, and rewarding. For instance, someone might learn a new language because they love the challenge or because they enjoy exploring different cultures and linguistic structures. This type of motivation tends to be long-lasting because it is driven by personal interest rather than external rewards.
Learners with strong intrinsic motivation often show high levels of engagement in language activities, such as reading in the target language, listening to foreign media, or interacting with native speakers. They may also be more willing to take risks, make mistakes, and persevere through difficult phases in their language journey.
2. Extrinsic Motivation.
Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, arises from external factors. Learners are motivated by a desire to achieve tangible outcomes, such as obtaining a job, passing an exam, or gaining social recognition. In this case, language learning becomes a means to an end rather than a goal in itself. Extrinsic motivators can be highly effective in short-term learning, as learners have a clear incentive to succeed.
However, extrinsic motivation may not always lead to long-term retention or deep understanding of the language, especially if the external rewards are no longer relevant. For example, a student might learn just enough to pass a language test, but without a deeper interest in the language, they may quickly forget what they've learned once the exam is over.
3. Integrative Motivation.
Integrative motivation is closely tied to intrinsic motivation but with a specific focus on cultural and social integration. Learners who are integratively motivated have a genuine interest in the people, culture, and lifestyle of the community that speaks the target language. This type of motivation often drives individuals to learn a language because they want to become part of a particular social group or immerse themselves in a foreign culture.
For example, someone moving to another country may be motivated to learn the language not only for practical reasons but also to build meaningful relationships
with local people and fully integrate into the society. Studies show that learners with high integrative motivation tend to achieve higher proficiency levels because they are more likely to engage in authentic language practice and embrace the cultural aspects of language learning.
4. Instrumental Motivation.
Instrumental motivation refers to learning a language for practical reasons. It is more goal-oriented and focuses on the tangible benefits of language acquisition, such as career advancement, academic success, or travel convenience. For instance, a professional may learn English to secure a promotion at work, or a student may study French to meet university requirements.
While instrumental motivation is often associated with extrinsic factors, it can be a powerful driver of sustained language learning, especially when learners sa direct correlation between their language skills and personal or professional goals. However, without intrinsic interest in the language, learners driven by instrumental motivation might limit their engagement to just what is necessary to achieve their immediate objectives.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Dornyei, Z. Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom. Cambridge University Press. 2001;
2. Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning. Newbury House. 1972
