CC BY
28DOI: 10.24412/cl-37100-2023-12-10-26
A. Kourian, I. Misiuchenko, M. Rubin, N. Rubina, N. Schedrin, O. Eckardt TRIZ ontology: TRIZ model and its application
SUMMARY
TRIZ model includes fundamental notions of TRIZ and describes how these notions are interconnected and interact in the processes of system evolution and solving inventive problems within these systems. TRIZ model enables the classification of different methods, formulated both in TRIZ and in other fields of knowledge and their place in the system's development (evolution).
Preceding versions of the TRIZ model did not embrace specific methods and sections of TRIZ, such as flow analysis, analysis of processes, trends of evolution of technical systems (TETS), and tools for developing creative imagination (CID). On the other hand, several TRIZ tools, for example, failure anticipation analysis or «admit the inadmissible», were not contradictory to TRIZ Model.
The article describes a new version of the TRIZ Model. It was developed as part of the project «TRIZ Ontology».
A distinguished peculiarity of the proposed version of the TRIZ Model is that it enables to introduction into the general classification of such sections and methods of TRIZ, which it had been possible to introduce to the general classification in keeping with their initial meaning heretofore. Besides, it is shown in the article how a generalized Model of TRIZ is refined in other more particular sections in TRIZ tools: TETS (trends of evolution of technical systems), analysis of processes and flows, and Development of Creative Imagination (CID). Moreover, it enables to identify of common features in different methods and tools, unites them and augments them due to the transformation of approaches and notions from one particular method of TRIZ to another as part of the general group, the meaning of which is pre-determined by the classification of the TRIZ Model.
Keywords: TRIZ model, TRIZ tools, trends of system evolution, Creative Imagination Development, flow model, process model, CID.
INTRODUCTION
It is possible to identify three stages in the evolution of the notions of TRIZ:
- 1st stage - formation and description of basic notions of TRIZ by its founder G.S. Altshuller [1]
- 2n stage - is a creation of a glossary of TRIZ terms and a unified system of TRIZ knowledge. [2]
- 3rd stage - improvement of the knowledge system on TRIZ based on the ontology of TRIZ [3].
Similar to the fact that a model of this sphere of knowledge operates in other spheres of
knowledge [4, 5] as a foundation, TRIZ Model can serve as a foundation for creating a unified system of TRIZ knowledge. TRIZ Model includes fundamental knowledge of TRIZ and describes how these notions are interconnected and interact in the processes of system evolution and solving of inventive problems inside them. TRIZ Model enables to classify different methods both in TRIZ and in different fields of knowledge and their place in the process of system evolution.
Preceding versions of TRIZ Model, starting with 1994 [6] described in a generalized way the process of improvement of the system, also through solving inventive problems within it, and also application of individual methods and tools of TRIZ as part of this process.
Preceding versions of TRIZ Model did not embrace certain methods and sections of TRIZ, like flow analysis, analysis of processes, trends of evolution of technical systems (TETS), tools of
development of creative thinking (DCT). Neither did a number of tools of TRIZ, for example, failure anticipation analysis or «admit the inadmissible» contradict TRIZ Model.
The generalized TRIZ Model, presented in this article, contains a description of the reverse use of the TRIZ Model in analysis of the systems. This innovation made the classification of TRIZ methods and tools based on TRIZ Model more complete, enabled to generalize of tools and methods of TRIZ, in which general characteristics had not been identified before, for example, reverse function-oriented search and the method of the «Goldfish», failure anticipation analysis and the method «A step back from IFR».
A high level of generalization of the TRIZ Model enables to analyze from the unified positions of the methods and the tools of systems evolution, developed not only in TRIZ but in other fields, for example, theory of constraints (TOC), Design Thinking, Lean Production, Six Sigma and other known methods for improvement of the system. It simplifies mutual penetration of different methods of analysis of systems with similar functions in keeping with the TRIZ Model.
Preceding versions of TRIZ Models [6] explained how individual models and tools of TRIZ could be used as part of processes for modifications of systems and/or solving inventive problems. A specific feature of proposed version of TRIZ model is the fact that it demonstrates how the trends of evolution of technical systems (TETS) work in process of variation of systems, where and how models and tools of DCP can be used as part of these processes, and also how new models and tools are integrated with these processes, for example, the model of flows and processes and tools intended for work with such models.
APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT OF TRIZ MODEL
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF TRIZ MODEL
It is possible to single out 4 stages in forming and development of TRIZ Model:
1. 1988, textual description of the sequence of problem solving in ARIZ through creation of a model of the problem and model of solution in the form of IFR appeared, there was no visual presentation of this sequence at this stage [1].
2. 1994, the visualization of the pattern of solving inventive problems is proposed, which implies the use of models of the problem and models of solutions of these problems, but in this case not only for ARIZ, but also for TRIZ on the whole, for example, with the application of standards and Su-Field analysis [6], however, this pattern did not reflect any tools of TRIZ, directed at the development without formulation of contradictions, for example, trends and lines of system evolution, typical models of Su-Field structures evolution. Figure 1 presents the pattern of TRIZ model of 1994.
Figure 1. Model of TRIZ (1994)
3. 2011-2012, the pattern of solving inventive problems is augmented with the pattern of system evolution through the creation of a model and model of a new system. [7]. The pattern was augmented by the model of inventive thinking: analysis, synthesis, and evaluation [8]. The model of TRIZ of 2012 is presented in the figure below.
Figure 2. TRIZ Model (2012)
TRIZ Model of 2012 did not take into account certain methods of analysis of system and solving inventive problems, like failure anticipation analysis, step back from IFR, and other methods associated with reversion of analysis of systems and problems. ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH
Analysis of the preceding version [9] and the development of a generalized TRIZ model was performed as part of the project on the development of TRIZ ontology. The research was based on the approach, described in [3].
TRIZ Model was presented in the form of an ontological diagram. The analysis of the onto-logical diagram of the TRIZ Model enabled to define missing and inexact bonds between notions, included with TRIZ Model.
Based on the results of this analysis, the ontological diagram of the generalized TRIZ model was developed.
Further on, for validation of the generalized TRIZ Model, the work was conducted on compiling ontological descriptions of basic tools and methods of TRIZ and their connections with the generalized model of TRIZ, i.e., the same approach to their formalized description was used for different tools and methods. As a result of this research work, described methods and tools were specified by the authors and also the used terminology of the very TRIZ Model was specified too. The results of the research are quoted in the present article.
GENERALIZED TRIZ MODEL
TRIZ Model is a schematic idea of transition from the system AS IS to the system TO BE through the TRIZ-model of the system, problem inside the system, and solving of the problem.
TRIZ Model includes main components of inventive thinking, which are necessary for forming and transforming models: 1) analysis, 2) synthesis, and 3) evaluation. TRIZ Model enables to systematize of all basic TRIZ TOOLS since they (according to their function) correspond to certain transitions in TRIZ Model.
A specific feature of the proposed generalized TRIZ model is the presence of 2 types of transition cycles: 1) external cycle of transition to TRIZ Model corresponds to direct application of TRIZ Model, 2) internal cycle of transitions corresponds to reverse application of TRIZ Model with the reversion of analysis of system or problem.
The generalized TRIZ model is presented in the next figure.
Figure 3. Generalized TRIZ model
In case with direct application of TRIZ model a transition from the system AS IS to the system TO BE and from the Problem to the Solution of the problem.
In case with reverse application of TRIZ model reversion of analysis takes place for the system or problem.
All transitions are carried out through corresponding models: model of the system (problem) and model of new system (solution).
Reverse use of TRIZ Model is associated with the reversion of analysis: instead of analysis of useful system - analysis of harmful system, instead of analysis of contradiction - analysis of IFR, etc. It is important to pay attention to the following: in this case we are not talking about the reversion of the system, but of reversion (change) of analysis being conducted. It is possible to single out two groups of reversion of analysis.
Reversion according to directions and goals of analysis:
- «Instead of a question why this or that phenomenon took place (CEA - cause/effect analysis) - a question is asked how to create this phenomenon» - this is research work based on failure anticipation analysis;
- «Instead of the improvement of the system - its deterioration» - this is failure anticipation analysis or analysis of a harmful machine.
- «Instead of eliminating a contradiction - creation of an image of IFR» - this is a Method of «Step back from IFR»;
- «Instead of improving the system - reconstruction of its state relating to the time, when it was improved earlier» it is a method for finding techniques and other tools for system evolution;
Reversion according to the object of analysis:
- «Instead of search for the tool - search for the product» is a reverse function-oriented search (reverse FOS)
- «Instead of creating a fantastic object from a real one - creation of a real object from a fantastic one» - this is a method of a goldfish, «Overton windows», etc.
TRIZ model enables to classify TRIZ tools according to their function. Here are methods of analysis used for creation of a model of system or problem:
- Contradictions of requirements and specific features (technical and physical)
- Su-Field (El-Field) analysis
- Cause/Effect analysis
- Functional analysis
- FCA (function cost analysis)
- Flow analysis, analysis of processes
- Benchmarking of alternative systems for problem statement
- MPV-analysis
Analytical methods of problem statement, developed beyond TRIZ (theory of constraints (TOC), Design Thinking, Lean Production, 6Sigma and other methods)
Methods of synthesis for creating models of new systems or solving a problem:
- Ideal final result (IFR)
- Principles and techniques for resolving contradictions
- Indices of effects (physical, chemical, etc.)
- Benchmarking of alternative concepts for problem solving
- Lines of system evolution
- FOS (function-oriented search), alternative systems
- Analysis of resources enabling to conduct search for a solution
Complex tools of analysis of problems and synthesis of models for solving them:
- ARIZ
- Table of application of techniques
- Systems of standards for inventive problem solving
- Trends and tendencies of system evolution
- System operator
Methods based on reverse application of model TRIZ model:
- Failure anticipation analysis
- Analysis of harmful machine
- Step back from IFR
- Reverse FOS
- Goldfish
- Synthesis of a new system
- Method «Admit the inadmissible»
- Restoration of inventive technique
- Methodology of «Overton windows»
TRIZ model enables to structure and standardize the description of TRIZ tools methodology for using them in project activity, find general approaches to development and complex integration of different TRIZ tools.
CREATIVE IMAGINATION DEVELOPMENT (CID) TOOLS IN TRIZ MODEL
Until recent time tools and methods of CID occupied a special place in the body of TRIZ knowledge: on the one hand, CID is a part of TRIZ, while on the other hand these methods were used for elimination of psychological inertia and development of creative thinking, but not for solving problems or development of systems (with regard to particular exceptions). [10] As part of generalized TRIZ model, the tools and methods of CID are inscribed in the process of system evolution.
CID tools are intended to work with that part of TRIZ model, which describes the transformation of systems.
Figure 4. Model of application of tools of CID (model TRIZ-CID)
CLASSIFICATION OF CID TOOLS
At various steps of transformation of systems, they use different tools of CID. [11] Accordingly, the tools of CID could be classified in terms of type of transformation, which could be performed with the aid of this or that tool.
Table 1. Classification of tools of CID according to the type of transformation of systems
Group of methods intended for analysis and modeling of systems Group of methods of synthesis based on the analysis of the system Group of methods of synthesis of system
- System operator - Morphological analysis - Synectic - Smart little men - «Viewpoint» - Method of tendencies - Method of «Snowball» - Heurorhythm - Morphological analysis - FOM (Focal Objects Method) - Synectic - Techniques of fantasizing - Size-Time-Cost Operator - Smart little men - Method of tendencies - Change of system of values - Method of «Snowball» - Heurorhythm - Methods of creating plots of fantastic stories and tales - Techniques of art creativity
CID tools often contain several successive steps, which are related to different stages of transformation of systems, therefore, some methods got into two groups at once.
VARIANTS OF APPLICATION OF CID TOOLS IN TRIZ MODEL
Further on we shall consider several variants of using CID tools in TRIZ Model. Variant 1. Obtainment of a fantastic idea (system) based on an actual system (prototype).
Figure 5. Obtainment of a fantastic idea based on an actual prototype
In direct application of TRIZ Model with the aid of CID tools a fantastic system is created, and problems are solved, which are associated with such a system.
Variant 2. Development of a fantastic idea (system) based on known (or synthesized) one.
Variant 2
New S-F System - 2
Figure 6. Development of a fantastic idea
Variant 3. In case with successive (cyclic) application of TRIZ Model it is possible to create several fantastic systems, which means, at bottom, to study the evolution of a fantastic system.
Variant 3
Figure 7. Reverse application of TRIZ model and tools of CID.
In case with reverse application of TRIZ Model due to reversion of goals it is possible to synthesize the SYSTEM-AS-IT-SHOULD-BE. The last circumstance explicitly points to the possibility to include the tools of CID with the processes of development of actual systems and solution of actual problems.
Let us analyze examples.
Morphological analysis - Variant 1 of the model TRIZ-CID [12].
description of the new system, inclusion of the new system in the story's subsystem
Figure 8. Model TRIZ-CID, variant 1. Example. Morphological analysis.
Step 1. Selection of the object. CUP.
Step 2. Creation of a morphological table. Identification of basic features (components) of the system and the variants for implementing them.
1 2 3 4 5
A vessel (shape) round square Truncated Flat tube
cone
B Handle (shape) No handle ball Continuous rectangular tea cup holder hem
C bottom (add. heating cooling insulation Gassing stirring
function)
D Hem (shape) bell narrowing With fur With filter With a nose
E picture glazing stickers Thermo-paint Hollows Relief
F material Porce-lain glass plastic Wood eatable
Step 3. Selection of variants.
Selection of variants: A2; B1; C3; D3; E5; F5
Square cup, without a handle, with a heat insulation bottom, with furs on the hem, with relief picture, made of eatable material. Step 4. Description of obtained idea.
Waffle cup, glazed inside, square-shaped (in keeping with the shape of waffles), without handle. Is intended for a small amount of hot drink. Step 5. Use of the idea in a story.
In this case it might be an episode reflecting nature-saving approach.
«Snowball» method - Variant 2 of model TRIZ-CID. [13]
edible dishes
/
characteristic (element)
edible tableware in subsys-
combination of characteristics
'Snowball" method
description of the new system, inclusion of the new system in the story's subsystem
Figure 9. Model TRIZ-CID. Variant 2. Example. «Snowball» method
Step 1. Selection of fantastic object - eatable dishes.
Step 2. Short description of peculiarities of a fantastic object (in our case - from Variant 1). Step 3. Identification of new mutual connections and interactions in different fields of activity.
FIELDS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOMMENDED FOR ANALYSIS
Human lodging. House, flat, furniture, rooms, bathroom, human behavior in everyday life, etc.
Needs. Clothes, footwear, nutrition, sleep, etc.
Social life. Methods of human communication. Mass media. Means of management. System of education. System of health protection.
Family. Relations between husband and wife, children, parents, etc., how people get acquainted, how people part, etc.
Relationship at work. Profession, working milieu, labor operations.
Economy. Industry, Agriculture. Trade. Transport, Communication.
Politics. Geopolitical situation. Government, Parliament, parties, election, etc.
Arms and wars.
Art, culture, sports. How people spend their free time - hobbies and amusements.
Nature. Ecology. Animals and plants.
Planetary phenomena. Nature. Climate. Cataclysms.
Step 4. Inclusion of obtained idea with the supersystem of the story.
Edible dish is a disposable perishable product (which needs special conditions of storage). In this case the number of reusable dishes is reduced - the place for storage is free. In food stores the sets of dishes are on sale together with eatable dishes. The time for cooking is saved as well as for doing the house, etc. Sets of products and dishes could be accompanied by the information concerning the content of substances, calories, etc., i.e., recommendations concerning healthy nutrition. Changes of certain traditions -national cuisine, dishes cooked for holidays, may take place. Dinner break can be reduced by equipping the canteens (like shops) with ready sets of products in eatable containers. There is no necessity to locate kitchens in each canteen. It is necessary to grow special plants for production of eatable dishes and containers. International trade not in individual kinds of products, but in packing, probable, such a method of nutrition is more ecological.
«Goldfish» method - Variant 3 of Model TRIZ-CID. [14]
Figure 10. Reverse application of the model TRIZ-CID. Example. «Goldfish» method.
«Goldfish» method is the opposite of «Snowball» method. In order to work according to the method of «Goldfish», it is necessary to follow the reverse path: from fantastic idea (system) to actual prototype, «taking off the layers of reality», and, thus, reaching the «unexplainable residue».
«Goldfish» method proposes to analyze, of which components consists fantastic situation (or system). Classic example: talking goldfish - FS 2.
- What should a «talking goldfish» look like? The fish opens its mouth and the sounds of the human speech are heard - FS 2
- Can a fish open its mouth? Yes, especially if it is taken from water.
RS 1 - Real situation 1: the fish, opening its mouth. FS 1 - the sounds of the human speech are heard. It remains to explain, why the sounds of the human speech are heard at that moment (for example, somebody says something behind the back of the person, who extracted the fish from the water...).
CONCLUSIONS AND MODELS OF RESEARCH
1. The application of CID tools can be described with the aid of TRIZ model.
2. CID tools are an inseparable part of the body of TRIZ knowledge and could be used directly for development of systems and for solving problems within these systems.
3. TRIZ model enables to single out classification features for CID tools. Two classifications are proposed: based on the origination of tools (based on ontological map of «CID tools»); and according to the type of transformations of systems in TRIZ model.
4. 3 variants of functioning of CID tools according to TRIZ model are analyzed.
5. Proposed variants of using TRIZ tools can change the approach to teaching a course of CID.
OF TRIZ MODEL
We see how extensively today the model and the tools of TRIZ are used today for solving inventive problems in informational ([15, 16] and business systems [17].
Preceding versions of TRIZ model described the change of technical system, but did not embrace other types of systems.
In the proposed version of the model of TRIZ we widen the notion of the system including into it not only technical systems, but also flows and processes. It enables us to extend the application
of TRIZ model, including other types of systems such as information systems and business systems as a mixes of engineering system(s), processes, and flows.
The diagram below presents the ontology, which widens the notion of the system in TRIZ.
Figure 11. Widening of the notion of "system" in TRIZ
The diagram shows, in particular, that the technical system is an example of a more general notion of "system". Other examples of this general notion are "process" and "flow".
MODEL OF FLOW AND FLOW ANALYSIS
Model of the flow and flow analysis were derived from function analysis more than 20 years ago and it served as a separation point between these two tools. Further on, in spite of their logical connection, the development followed parallel ways, which, in its turn, led to difference of notions and of approaches.
In the process of using functional analysis a problem appeared concerning the description of states and requirements for systems consisting of flows - travels in space of material, energy or information particles. [18]. In order to broaden the potentiality of description and that is, to broaden the formulation of contradictions and solving of such problems, a flow analysis was additionally created as a specific case of function analysis.
Looking through the prism of generalized model of TRIZ at the flow analysis not only in that part, where it coincides with the function analysis, but in the optimized techniques and patterns of solutions, it is possible to surely say that the Generalized TRIZ Model is in full sense followed by the flow analysis, which is a derivative of function analysis, which, in its turn, also bears relation to TRIZ model. Therefore, TRIZ-based set of tools intended for work with flows is also well classified according to types: analysis, synthesis, evaluation and reversion of analysis of system/problem. In flow analysis the role of the system AS IT IS and AS IT SHOULD BE is performed by the system of flows. The described successive steps concerning the application of TRIZ tools for solving inventive problems and transformation of systems as appendix to flow analysis are shown in the diagram below.
Figure 12
The diagram for application of flow analysis in keeping with direct model with two lines of transition: from the system of flows «AS IT IS» to the system of flows «AS IT SHOULD BE» and from non-compliance with the requirements to compliance to them. The transitions are performed respectively through the flow Model «AS IT IS» to flow Model «AS IT SHOULD BE».
Figure 13
In this case the creation of a flow model is associated with the identification of necessary and sufficient characteristics and evaluating them in terms of compliance to the requirements. The obtained model of the system of flows «as it is» based on the «rules of creating a flow model based on
non-compliance to the requirements» is transformed into a model of the system «as it should be». Working with such a flow model using the techniques of changing the flows, like, nevertheless any other TRIZ methods, a new system of flows is created, which corresponds to the requirements put forth.
The second way of application of the generalized TRIZ model in the system of flows will be like «Function-Oriented Search». Flow-oriented search does not imply any non-compliance with the requirements, however, uses «The rules of application of regularities of flow evolution in TS». Such application of flow analysis is similar to the first case; it requires the identification of characteristics and creation of existing model for the purpose of describing a system of flows.
Figure 14
Described and characterized model of flow system can be changed by optimizing and developing the system, forecasting the next step in the development. Generalizing direct analysis by:
Directions and goals: o Elimination of disadvantages of the system of flows; o Checking the flows for compliance with the requirements. o Finding contradictions in the system of flows; o Cause/Effect analysis of the flow system;
• The Object:
o Trimming the system of flows and increasing the ideality of flows
The reverse application of the generalized TRIZ model needs to be described in the case of flow analysis. Though in the statement of the problem concerning the reconstruction of factors and actions in case of non-obvious changes of the flow, or restoration of the changes which had taken place but not planned, it is necessary for flow analysis. Although when setting the task of restoring factors and impacts with no obvious changes in the flow or restoring changes that have occurred but not planned in the flow analysis, it is necessary. Completing the inventory of tools, they use the reverse application of the TRIZ model and the following diagram is obtained, Generalizing the reversion (change) of analysis according to:
• Directions and goals:
o Failure anticipation analysis or analysis of harmful machines in the system of flows.
o formation of the image of ideal flow or component and application of the method "Step back from
IFR";
o Restoring past changes as it was improved before o Application of system of flows for the purpose of obtaining new goals
Object:
• «Instead of creating a fantastic flow from the real one - creation of a real flow from a fantastic one» - this is a goldfish method.
• Application of known systems of flows to new situations, in new systems
Figure 15
Examples of such use:
An existing system only suits us according to one or several parameters. Typical examples of the transfer of substance and rejection inside this flow are described in several analyses of the problems. Such approaches led to the use of FIFO in operations for storage of perishable goods, Just-in-Time chains of supplies, and the reject of this method in those very chains of supply. [19]
The application of reject analysis in information flow (described in less detail) and the analysis of information flows for non-compliance with the requirements is expensive, slow, and non-reliable. There may be distortions and other criteria are also noted. A less-described application is the analysis of defects in the information flow, and the analysis of information flows for non-compliance with the requirements - expensive, slow, unreliable, distortions and other criteria put forward. It is appropriate to mention the transfer of call centers to India and the necessity to solve another problem - returning them. [20] Lean transformation in the pure service environment: the case of the call service center. [21, 22]
Illustrating the next application of the generalized TRIZ model in flow analysis, we describe a normally working system, at which we want to look from the viewpoint of potential development. Then, accepting the trends and techniques and evaluating the obtained effect from the viewpoint of improving the system, it is possible to forecast or to create the following generations.
Often, if we don't know, what method was used for developing this process, it is difficult to define, if it had been the solving of the problem or a targeted search for improvements.
Reverse application of generalized TRIZ model is associated with the exploration, research or restoration of flow changes, made within the system. In this case we have already a new system with changed characteristics, but we don't know the reason for that. It is necessary to state the (detailed) influence of external medium, super- or subsystems and other non-obvious changes. Establishing the influence of the (detailed) external environment, above or below systems, and other non-obvious changes. It also affects the exploration or research of actions of the competitor or the use of the technique "step back from IFR".
PROCESSES IN MODEL OF TRIZ
As it is shown in Figure 16 (ontology of the system), the process is an example of the system. Respectively, model of TRIZ for processes can be obtained through incorporation into the source TRIZ model of the system of processes. Model of TRIZ for the system of processes is presented in the following figure.
Figure 16. TRIZ Model for a system of processes
It is shown in the figure that TRIZ model in this case describes the transition from the system of processes AS IS to the system of processes TO BE, using the same ways, through which the transition is implemented in technical systems:
1) Through changing the system of processes according to the trends, lines of evolution or through patterns of transformation of systems, including techniques and inventive standards;
2) Through identification of an inventive problem and elimination of contradiction in the source system of processes.
In the future we are going to investigate how the reverse application of TRIZ model can be applied to the system of processes and to what results it can lead.
MODEL OF PROCESSES FOR TRIZ MODEL
To provide for a transition from the system of processes AS IS to the system of processes TO BE based on the trends of evolution and patterns of transformation it is possible to use the existing models of the processes and systems of processes. [23-25]
To provide for a transition through identification and solving of an inventive problem, the existing models of processes require optimization in terms of modeling the disadvantages (or negative effects - NE).
In order to describe the NE of the process as well as elements of the process, which are changed during solving the inventive problem or during transformation to the process TO BE, parameters are introduced for the operation and for the object. Such parameters enable to add to the
model such information, which is necessary for formulation of inventive problems and identifying the changing elements of the process.
In order to create the ontology of the process different types of NE, which are encountered in the processes were collected and analyzed. A NE in the process could be related to one of 3 types: NE related to operation, NE related to object or NE related to the whole process.
The table below presents the types of NE in the processes.
Table 2. Types of disadvantages in the processes
Negative effect related to operation Negative effect related to the object Negative effect related to the whole process
Duration of the operation Quality of the object (on the output of the operation), or reject Repetitions
Cost of the operation Cost of the object Negative effects in ramification of the process
Operation, which does not add value Negative effects of the plan (information object in the processes of management) Negative effects in integration of the process
"B ottleneck" Negative effects of the fact (information object in the processes of management) Negative effects related to "feedback" (rate of reaction, dis-synchronization) in the management processes
Negative effects of plan correction (information object in the processes of management)
Types of negative effects in the model of the process (See Table 2.) allow to make a following steps: to define the typical patterns of contradictions in the processes and to systematize typical patterns for elimination of contradictions in the process. CONCLUSIONS
1) A new version of TRIZ model is proposed, which unites practically all private models and tools of TRIZ, including the model of CID tools, which had not been included earlier.
2) New version of TRIZ model shows how the trends of system evolution are integrated into the process of changing the system and solving inventive problems.
3) New version of TRIZ model can be enlarged due to integration with other fields of knowledge. In particular, we showed how a new version of TRIZ model can be extended to model of flows and processes.
4) We regard the new version of TRIZ model as the ground for the database on TRIZ, a sort of link between already created and new tools and methods.
5) It has to be specially noted that the new version of TRIZ model shows the gaps in fields of TRIZ knowledge, which require filling. And consequently, TRIZ is waiting for new developers and for obtainment of results of their work in this direction.
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13. M. S. Rubin. Basics of TRIZ for enterprises. Study guide. - CPC Galaxy, 2022 r.
14. M.S. Rubin. Basics of TRIZ. Application of TRIZ in software and information systems. Study guide. - St. Petersburg University Press, 2011
15. Igor Devoino. Informatization of engineering systems. Proceedings of TRIZ Developers Summit 2019
16. Darell Mann. Application of Triz Tools in a Non-Technical Problem Context. Proceedings of TRIZCON-2000.
17. Valeri Souchkov. Breakthrough thinking with TRIZ for business and management. An overview. ICG Training & Consulting, 2014
18. Fatima Z. B. Moussa and others. Reviewing the use of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) in Green Supply Chain Problems. Journal of Cleaner Production. Volume 142, Part 4, 20 January 2017, Pages 2677-2692
19. Lebedev, 2015 Flow Analysis Master of TRIZ Dissertation work.
20. Eriksson, P. E. (2010). Improving construction supply chain collaboration and performance: a lean construction pilot project. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 15(5), 394-403
21. Piercy, N., & Rich, N. (2009) International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 29(1), 54-76.
22. Laureani, A., Antony, J., & Douglas, A. (2010). Lean six sigma in a call center: case study. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(8), 757-768.)
23. by David A. Marca, Clement L. McGowan. IDEF0 and SADT: A Modeler's Guide. OpenPro-cess, Inc. (December 16, 2005), 392 pages, ISBN-10:0977604438, ISBN-13:978-0977604432
24. PSL (Process Specification Language) Core. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). April 2008.
25. BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation). December, 2010. Published by OMG Standard Development Organization.
