CC BY
26
TRENDS IN ASSESSING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS
S.S. Fayziyev, lecturer F.M. Ilxomjonova, lecturer Tashkent financial institute (Uzbekistan, Tashkent)
Abstract. As a result of structural changes in the economic reforms implemented in Uzbekistan reached the level of sustainable growth in all sectors. Continuing the steady pace of the process is largely dependent on the development of small business and private entrepreneurship. How the development of this sector will increase up to the population finds employment, incomes and living standards of a number of positive changes will occur, and provided the duration of the increase in GDP per capital.
Keywords: small business, private enterprise, evaluation, development index, efficiency, innovation, export.
As a result of the ongoing structural changes in the economy, the share of the gross domestic product and employed a number of positive changes. In particular, the economy created 31% of GDP in 2000, the share of small business and private entrepreneurship, while the share of industry in GDP in 2015 increased to 56.7%. The share of those employed in small business and private entrepreneurship in 2000 to 49.7%, while in 2015, 77.9% [1].
The development of small business and private entrepreneurship in domestic laws and regulations, as a result of the implementation of measures in this sector is developing at a rapid pace. As of today, more than 60% of new jobs created, the share of this sector. In addition, as a result of the development of its public employment year-over-year increase. The President noted: 'The share of income from business activities in 2010 to 47.1 percent instead of 52 percent, and this is significantly higher than the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, I would like to emphasize that. 2010 [2].
These indicators are characterized as high in comparison with the countries of the CIS states, even in comparison with developed and developing countries also showed high expression (Figure 4). Compared with the present situation in foreign countries the composition of its exports and the need to give special attention to the share of innovative activity.
According to the assessment of the state of development of small business and private entrepre-neurship, comparative research methods. This assessment methods based on the use of appropriate indicators reflecting the development of the small business in order to compare the situation with foreign countries and its future development is
divided able to study foreign experiences.
Also, the help of the methods of evaluation of other areas of small businesses in the country to determine the basis of the comparative study of existing problems and make recommendations on solutions.
Evaluation consists of two parts. The development of small businesses in the first part of a series of indices have been developed, they are in foreign countries on the basis of comparison of the level of development of situation in Uzbekistan. Based on these indices can also be used to compare the status of the country. The second part of the main factors of production in the field of small business in the country which will be specific to the level of use of labor and capital.
The following indicators are used to assess;
- Small business and private entrepreneurship in the GDP;
- The share of employment in small business and private entrepreneurship;
- The share of small business and private en-trepreneurship in exports;
- The share of gross investment in the small business and private entrepreneurship, investment and volume;
- Small business and private entrepreneurship in the GDP;
- Small businesses in other sectors and GDP;
- Small businesses in other sectors and the size of the share in GDP;
- The share of small businesses in other sectors and employment;
- Small businesses in other sectors and the volume of investments and the share of gross investments.
The index of small business development ever increasing choice expresses evaluation. Units in
2015 and 0.35 in 2005 to 0.65 units, 1.9 times (Figure 1).
0,7 0,6
0,5
0,64 0,65
0,52*
0,47
0,49* M 0A9 o V¿2
0
0,35
°'57 0,56
'■S- '-X-
<0 <0 fi-* Qo Qj O O O O O O "
<v fv <V «V <V ^V ^V w Small Business Development Index
Figure 1. Of small business and private entrepreneurship development index (KVSItUmum)
It should be noted that the values of this index in the country of export development index (the index of the two remaining KBSItExp (GDP development index (KBSItYalM) and employment development index (KBSItBand), the value is relatively small.
The study of the status of the development of small businesses in the country access to the factors of production to determine the compatibility of its contribution to the quality of economic growth for small businesses and other industries is
analyzed on the basis of a specific assessment methods.
2004-2015 years, small businesses and other small business productivity perspective of the vibration situation. Of small businesses in this indicator compared to other sectors of small businesses as high as 5.39 units in 2004 decreased by 3.81 units in 2015 and represents 1.4 times decline. Small businesses in other areas the figure was 2,625 units in 2004 decreased by 2.43 units in 2015 (Table 1).
Table 1. Small Business and efficiency of sma l businesses based on factors other networks
years Small business efficiency (KVSamtUmum) The effectiveness of small businesses in other sectors (UVSamtUmum)
2004 5.39 2,62
2005 4,64 2,89
2006 4,67 2,97
2007 5,80 2,60
2008 4,76 2,31
2009 3,99 2,31
2010 4,10 2,28
2011 4,07 2,39
2012 3,65 2,41
2013 3,96 2,38
2014 3,83 2,41
2015 3,81 2,43
The main reason for the decline tendency for both capital is explained by the change in runoff growing (Table 2).
One indicator of the effectiveness of small
business component - relative labor productivity in the years 2004-2015 an average of 0.67, which is equal to unity, and the small business sector (large companies) in the comparative period, an
average of 1.87 units, which represents the choice of more than 3 times. The main reason is the dif-
Small business capital intensity level of this period, an average of 0.38, which is equal to unity, and small businesses in other areas, the size of this period, 2.68 per unit, which represents the choice of more than 7 times in accordance with the change in the level of capital intensity, in turn, changes in the relative labor productivity. This is the highest level of efficiency in the provision of capital to these indicators (Figure 2,3).
Small business to increase the supply of capital for the Microcredit commercial bank in the country. As well as small business and private entrepreneurship in the Export Support Fund was established by the Fund of small business in foreign markets and foreign partners, as well as to participate in international tenders to export contracts,
ference between the levels of capital intensity.
certificates, permits and customs documents of practical assistance [3].
Small business promotion company «Uztadbirkorexport». The company performs the following tasks in order to stimulate the activity of small businesses export [4]. Small businesses and private entrepreneurs to export their goods directly to the contracts, as well as through trading houses to be established abroad;
- Small business and private entrepreneurship on the basis of export contracts in force pre-export financing;
- Of small business and private entrepreneur-ship on the orders of technological equipment, spare parts, spare parts, raw materials and supplies;
Table 2. The effectiveness of small businesses and small businesses in other areas
Relative working in Other small businesses
small Business Small business networks small businesses relative networks
years capital adjustment (KVSamtKapQayt) capital adjustment (UVSamtKapQayt) productivity the rate of (KVSamtMeh) labor productivity the rate of (UVSamtMeh)
2004 10,19 3,59 0,58 1.65
2005 8,70 3,99 0,58 1,79
2006 8,73 4,05 0,61 1,89
2007 10,97 3,24 0,63 1,96
2008 8,85 2,72 0,66 1,90
2009 7,31 2,69 0,68 1,93
2010 7,49 2,70 0,71 1,85
2011 7,43 2,96 0,72 1,83
2012 6,57 2,97 0,72 1,86
2013 7,19 2,87 0,73 1,90
2014 6,93 2,89 0,73 1,93
2015 6,90 2,90 0,73 1,96
Note: the source State statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan
0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10
Hof small businesses in the relative labor ynyjnd^ipisi —Captain for the small business capacity
Figure 2. Small Business relative mehnatunumdorligi (KVSItMeh) and capital intensity rates
- certification of export products to help small tions on behalf of the small business and private businesses, promotional activities, participation in entrepreneurship, information and consultancy and organization of international fairs and exhibi- services.
H Small businesses In other areas of the capital intensity —— Small businesses in other areas of relative labor productivity
Figure 3. Small businesses in other areas of relative labor productivity (UVBamtmeh) and capital
intensity rates
Developed and developing countries' experience shows that small business and private entre-preneurship in the economy accounted for 9899% of the enterprises. For these countries, the share of industry in GDP this 50- to 60% if its share of those employed in the economy, the intestines, an amount between 50-80% expresses it.
Russia and Belarus and the CIS countries revealed that less than 2 times the average amount of the above indicators was observed. In Russia, the share of small business and private entrepreneur-ship in the gross enterprises 40 42% of GDP by 23-25% and 35-37%, which represents the share of employed in the economy.
90
1 The percentage of total employment in small businesses B Small Business YaII\Idagiulushi%
Figure 4. Trends in the development of small business and special role in the national economy,%
In accordance with the relevant indicators of to 35 to 38%, then the above is much smaller the Republic of enterprises accounted for 25-28%, numbers expresses it (Figure 4, Table 3-4-Valls) 20-23% share in GDP and employment equivalent [5].
Table 3. Developed and developing countries, The role of small business in the economy, (%)
Countries GDP, % Employment, % The share of total exports, %
Japan 50,0 70,2 53,8
Germany 53,8 79,0 55,9
US 46,0 49,4 33,7
China 60,0 80,0 50,0
South Korea 49,4 87,5 30,9
Malaysia 31,9 58,9 19,0
Thailand 38,7 77,9 29,5
Philippines 35,7 61,0 20,0
Indonesia 57,8 97,2 15,8
Vietnam 40,0 77,0 20,0
India 17,0 40,0 40,0
Sri Lanka 52,0 35,0 20,0
Bangladesh 22,5 40,0 11,3
Pakistan 30,0 70,0 25,0
Note: source ttps://www.imf.org/extemaUnp/semmars/eng/2015/jica2015/pdf/1-BLpdf.
Table 4. Trends in the development of small and medium enterprises in different countries
Countries Small business enterprises,% The small business share of total employment, % The share of small business in GDP,%
The beginning of the end of the years 1990 and 2000 2010-2012 years The beginning of the end of the years 1990 and 2000 2010-2012 years The beginning of the end of the years 1990 and 2000 2010-2012 years
US 85-86 97,6-98,2 42-45 58-60 42-45 50-52
Japan 88-90 98,5-99,7 58-60 75-78 45-48 52-55
Europe Union 86-87 97,5-98,4 55-58 70-72 50-55 65-68
Germany 87-88 98,5-99,7 50-52 66-69 42-46 55-57
Italy 89-90 98-99,8 55-58 70-73 46-50 58-60
great UK 82-85 98-99,2 38-40 50-52 42-46 53-56
France 82-85 98-99,6 40-45 58-60 46-50 55-57
China 70-75 98-99 50-55 70-75 36-42 58-60
Russia 20-25 40-42 15-18 35-37 10-12 23-25
Belarus Resp. 8-12 25-28 13-16 35-38 7-10 20-23
Note: source http://cyberleninka.rU/article/n/malyy-i-sredniy-biznes-v-usloviyah-globalizatsii-mirovoy-ekonnomiki
Methods using an index calculated on the basis China, Germany and Japan. This group of small
of indicators to evaluate the development of small business development in the countries included in
business in the countries studied three groups the index reflects the value of between 0,75-1,0. (Table 5). The first group having a higher index
Table 5. Individual countries, the Small Business Development Index *
Countries Small Business Development Index (KVSKUmum)
Small businesses in countries with a high human development index
China 0,83
Germany 0,83
Japan 0,76
Small businesses in countries with a medium human development index
South Korea 0,68
Indonesia 0,67
Uzbekistan 0,58
Thailand 0,57
US 0,51
Vietnam 0,51
Small businesses in countries with a low human developmentindex
Pakistan 0,46
Finland 0,42
Philippines 0,41
Sri Lanka 0,39
Malaysia 0,38
India 0,35
Bangladesh 0,19
Note: * 7-related development index middle arithmetic values in the tables
The second group of small business develop- sents the part of South Korea, Indonesia, Malay-ment index between 0,50-0,74-unit value repre- sia, Thailand, the United States and Vietnam.
The third group of countries included Pakistan, ness in the index reflects an amount less than the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, India and 0.50. Bangladesh, with the development of small busi-
Table 6. Individual countries, the Small Business Development Index *
Countries Small Business Development Index (KVSItYaLM) The development of the share of small business employment index (KVSItBand) The index of the development of the small business share of exports (KVSItExp)
A small group of countries with high îuman development index of business
China 0,83 0,87 0,80
Germany 0,73 0,85 0,92
Japan 0,67 0,74 0,88
A small grou p of countries with medium human development index average business
South Korea 0,66 0,97 0,42
Indonesia 0,80 1,10 0,12
Uzbekistan 0,76 0,82 0,16
Thailand 0,48 0,84 0,39
US 0,60 0,46 0,47
Vietnam 0,50 0,83 0,20
A small group of countries with low human development index average business
Pakistan 0,33 0,73 0,30
Finland 0,67 0,47 0,14
Philippines 0,43 0,61 0,20
Sri Lanka 0,70 0,27 0,20
Malaysia 0,37 0,59 0,18
India 0,12 0,33 0,60
Bangladesh 0,21 0,33 0,03
Note: source https://www.imf.org/extemal/пр/semmars/eng/2015/jica2015/рdf/1-BLpdf The State Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan
Small Business Development index shows that the share of exports of small business development index based on comparison between the values represented by the sharp vibrational mode (Table 7).
As well as the highest index of small business development in the share of exports in the previous development index values expresses it. This is the development of small business and private
entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan's export potential will require special attention. In particular, appropriate measures should be based on the development of the export potential of the country. The kb development index and the share of exports kb development experience of countries with high index of national economic system characteristics to be used in specific events.
Table 7. An analysis of the share of small business in some sectors of the economy, the specific
countries The share of industrial production The share of export of goods and services
Germany 40% 55,9%
China 50% 50%
Uzbekistan 38,9% 26,9%
Germany, the situation in Uzbekistan 1,03 low 2,1 low
China situation in Uzbekistan 1,3 low 1,9 low
Note: source https://www.imf.org/external/пр/seminars/eng/2015/jica2^ public of Uzbekistan the author's account
The average index of small business development as well, although the situation in industry and innovative activities as well as the share of exports is lagging behind. Small business in the
f/1 ^Lpdf Based on data from the State Statistical Committee of the Re-
industry is almost close to the situation in Germany, but lagging behind China and 1.3 times. Germany, while the share of small business exports by 2.1 times, 1.9 times behind China.
References
1. Islam Karimov The main objective of reforms carried out in spite of the current difficulties zttirish to continue structural reforms in the economy, private property, and providing greater opportunities for small businesses. 2010. P. 65-68.
2. http://www. stat.uz/State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan
3. www.im/org^xtemal/пр/semmars^ng/2015/jica2015/pdf/1-ВLpdf
4. http://www.stat.uz/Based on data from the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan the author's account.
5. http://www.lex.uz/ President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to support the export of small business and private entrepreneurship On additional measures on August 8, 2015 No. PP-2022.
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В ОЦЕНКЕ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА
Ш.Ш. Файзиев, преподаватель Ф.М. Илхомджонова, преподаватель Ташкентский финансовый институт (Узбекистан, г. Ташкент)
Аннотация. В результате осуществляемых экономических реформ в Узбекистане достигается уровень стабильного роста во всех сферах и отраслях. Продолжение этих процессов в ускоренных темпах во многом зависит от развития малого бизнеса и частного предпринимательства. Чем развита данная сфера, тем больше занятость населения, возникает ряд положительных изменений в уровне жизни и доходах населения и обеспечивается продолжительность роста ВВП на душу населения.
Ключевые слова: малый бизнес, частное предпринимательство, оценка, индекс развития, эффективность, инновационная деятельность, экспорт.
