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40PROVIDED OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL BUSINESS AND PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN Olimjonov A.U. (Republic of Uzbekistan) Email: [email protected]
Olimjonov Asilbek Ulugbekovich - Master Student, FACULTY OF ECONOMICS, TASHKENT STATE UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article refers to the theoretical and practical aspects of business, its development paths and strategy selection in Uzbek economy, the statistical analyses through methods of observation, collection of statistical data, classification, tabulation and also diagrams and graphs frequently used in presenting data, dynamic changes, comparison of the development of business in republic,including the ways of improvement of private sector in the formation of economy as well as the perspectives of development of business in Uzbekistan.
Keywords: business, competitiveness, productivity, innovation, privatization, family business, individual business, micro firm, small business, statistical analyses of data.
ПРЕДОСТАВЛЯЕМЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДЛЯ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА И ЧАСТНОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ УЗБЕКИСТАН Олимжонов А.У. (Республика Узбекистан)
Олимжонов Асилбек Улугбекович - магистрант, факультет экономики,
Ташкентский государственный экономический университет, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье рассмотрены теоретические и практические аспекты бизнеса, его пути развития и выбор стратегии в узбекской экономике, результаты статистического анализа и динамические изменения развития бизнеса в республике, в том числе пути совершенствования частного сектора, а также перспективы развития бизнеса в Узбекистане. Проанализировано современное состояние малого бизнеса и частного предпринимательства, а также их роль в развитии экономики страны. Даны последние статистические данные и сведения о проблемах в этой сфере.
Ключевые слова: бизнес, конкурентоспособность, производительность, инновации, приватизация, семейный бизнес, индивидуальное предпринимательство, микро фирмы, малый бизнес, статистический анализ данных.
The operation of a market economy is inseparably going to connect with businesswhich is considered to be one of the main sector as fast growing economy and improving living standards in national economy. Through developing of this sector new jobs are created, productivity and competitiveness are increased, poverty are alleviated and societal goals are achieved, in particular by helping specific population groups to help themselves.
Business is more flexible and can adapt quickly to changes in demand, the situation on the global and regional markets, timely respond to their challenges, because it's compact in form, has a mobility and speed in decision-making and it's receptive to innovation. Creating and developmentbusinessdo not require large expenditures and capital investments, which allows faster and easier to carry out modernization, technical and technological equipment, develop new products, constantly updating its range and provide competitiveness.
The most important document accepted by the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan jointly with the Association of Banks of Uzbekistan, commercial banks and international financial institutions is the development of foreign funds and banks, proposals for the creation of the Guarantee Fund. It provides for business the need for the part uncovered collateral for loans of commercial banks issued for the purchase of new equipment.
Creation of the Guarantee Fund for Development of entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan will increase access thousands of business representatives to bank loans who wants to organize production and services on the basis of new, advanced technologies. Undoubtedly business plays an important role in shaping the structure of the economy, meet rapidly changing market demands. Business represents a
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sphere of labor application and a source of income generation for a significant percentage of the country's population. Very often, it is the only economic sector, where many socially vulnerable strata of population, such as women, young people, uneducated and unskilled persons, can find a job.
According to the governmental report, Uzbekistan achieved growth of gross domestic product (GDP) by 7,8% in 2016. The share of businessin GDP amounted to 56,9%. Nowadays, in 2016, these sectors of the economy employ more than 76,5% of the total employed population against 49,7% in 2000. Encouragement of business in our country has proven one of the main strategic factors in Uzbek economy, in 2015, this sector of the economy employs more than 77, 6% of the total employed population against 74,3% in 2010. Encouragement of businessin Uzbekistan is one of the main strategic factors in Uzbek economy. The share of incomes from business activity has increased to 52% in comparison to 47,1% in 2010. Over 980 thousand jobs have been created, of which over 60% in rural areas, over 480 thousand graduates of professional colleges have been employed [3].
Uzbek economy operates two types of enterprises, which are large and small enterprises, as well as the activities depend on personal and family labor. The condition to run a business in Uzbekistan has been implemented through the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On family business", "On the introduction of amendments and additions" in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, "On guarantees of free entrepreneurial activity" and they are designed to further facilitate the development of business.
It is admitted that, the share of small business and private entrepreneurship in GDP is increasing year by year. As you can see below, the bar chart represents growing trend of share of small business and private entrepreneurship.
01.01.2011 01.01.2012 01.01.2013 01.01.2014 01.01.2015 01.01.2016 01.01.2017
Fig. 1. The share of small business and private entrepreneurship in GDP (in %) [4]
The share of goods of private entrepreneurship (ownership of citizens) in total volume of goods (works, services) of small business in 2010-2015 is characterized by the following data.
Table 1. The share of goods Small Business and Private Entrepreneurship in 2010 -2015 [4]
Indicators 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
GDP 52,5 54,0 54,6 55,8 56,1 56,7
Industry 18,8 21,9 23,1 28,1 31,7 44,6
Agriculture 97,8 97,7 97,8 98,1 98,3 100,0
Investments 28,5 31,9 35,3 32,7 35,4 -
Construction 53,1 68,6 71,1 71,5 69,5 66,4
Trade - 86,7 87,3 86,6 86,3 89,8
Paidservices 47,0 46,3 44,9 46,2 48,6 -
Freighttransportation 41,6 43,2 44,2 47,3 49,8 65,6
Passengertransportation 79,4 81,8 83,1 84,5 85,2 92,0
Employment 74,3 75,1 75,6 76,7 77,6 -
Export 13,7 18,8 14,0 26,2 25,9 3,3($,mln)
Import 35,8 34,3 38,6 42,4 45,5 8,8($,mln)
In addition, according to the State Statistics Committee, entities of small business and private entrepreneurship in 2015 utilized 14.79 trillion soums of investments, which makes 36.3% of the total volume of utilized investments in the Republic.
In January-December 2016 small business entities:
1. provided employment to 10178,9 thousand persons (77,9 percent of total persons employed in the economy), including 7949,4 thousand persons of the individual sector and 2229,5 thousand persons of small enterprises and micro firms;
2. produced industrial output to the amount of 35699,7 billion soums (38,9 percent of total industrial production), or 119,8 percent to the level of January-December 2015;
3. utilized 14789,3 billion soums of investments (36,3 percent of total utilized investments), or 118,1 percent to the level of January- December 2015;
4. executed construction works to the amount of 17015,0 billion soums (67,2 percent of total construction works), which makes up 114,4 percent to the level of January- December 2015;
5. exported products (goods and services) to the amount of USD 3461,6 million (26,9 percent of total exports), imported products (goods and services) to the amount of USD 5524,8 million (44,5 percent of total imports).
All types of business in Uzbekistan should be built creatively, taking into account the country realities. Such approach will be consistent with modern view of effective reform strategy, when universal recipes are replaced by search of own decisions, reflecting features of economy and institutes of individual countries.
The inherent flexibility of small businesses and high adaptability to market conditions variability contribute to the stabilization of macro-economic processes in the country. Analysis showed that in Uzbekistan, the sector characterized by a certain yield, high labor intensity, the complexity of the introduction of new technologies, limited own resources, and increased risk of competition. In my view, it is appropriate to establish a definite system which provides for sanctions for clear violations or improper fulfillment of the law. A special role is played in small business control over the implementation of legislation and economic reforms should be based on the full legal space. In this case, absolutely equal footing before the courts and arbitration authorities should be all. Uzbekistan has developed industry and regional priority programs and enterprise development are successfully implemented.
References / Список литературы
1. First President of Uzbekistan I. Karimov's keynote speech at the meeting of the Cabinet of
Ministers dedicated to the results of socio-economic development of the country in 2015 and main
priorities of economic program for 2016. January 16, 2016.
2. Campbell R., Brue L. Economics: Principles, problems, and policies fourteenth edition. M., 2015.
P. 265.
3. Small business in Uzbekistan. Statistical Bulletin. Tashkent, 2015. 16 p.
4. Annual Statistical Report of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 2015.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF MANAGING INVESTMENT
PROJECTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR Kozlova D.V. (Russian Federation) Email: [email protected]
Kozlova Darya Vladislavovna - Student of the magistracy, DEPARTMENT OF THE LANDLORD, LAND MANAGEMENT AND GEODESY, VORONEZH STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, VORONEZH
Abstract: the article analyzes the structure of management of investment and construction projects, compliance with budget and time frames are analyzed. Based on the analysis, recommended improvements are presented aimed at optimizing the management structure of investment and construction projects. A number ofproblems arising at different stages of the project are identified, the reasons for their appearance and ways of their elimination are determined. A conceptual model of the economy and real estate management has been considered and added to improve the efficiency of the project. Keywords: construction, investment, design, analysis.
