11TRANSPARENCY IS AN IMPORTANT PRINCIPLE OF THE ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF
UZBEKISTAN
Umarova Iroda Muhammedovna,
Lecturer of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of Tashkent State University of Law _E-mail: i.umarova2011@gmail.com
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Keywords:
concept of electronic government, information and communication technologies, corruption, transparency.
The article analyzes the principle of transparency in the activities of state bodies, the impact of information and communication technologies on reducing corruption, as well as the role of e-government in public administration.
INTRODUCTION
The development of information and communication technologies in the modern world everywhere entails multilateral trends, including the transformation of the spheres of human activity and social institutions. In the context of the transformation of political institutions and state governance, taking into account the requirements of the information age, national governments set themselves an urgent task today and for the future -ensuring the effective formation,
functioning and development of the "Electronic government" system.
As President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said, in modern conditions, the issues of widespread introduction of advanced information and communication technologies, and the creation of reliable complexes of information systems and a database of "electronic government" are gaining priority [1].
The Presidential Decree "On the Strategy for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan" clearly states that the
implementation of the Action Strategy will take place in five directions. In particular, within the framework of the implementation of the first direction "Improvement of state and public construction", it is envisaged to improve the "Electronic government" system, improve the quality and efficiency of public services, practical implementation of public control mechanisms, strengthen the role of civil society institutions and the media [2].
MAIN BODY
Now it is necessary to consider theoretical approaches to understanding "e-government". The concept of "Electronic government" was first covered in the United States in 1991, but at present, international practice has already accumulated sufficient experience in the formation and development of this system.
Electronic government (e-Government) is a method of providing information and providing an already formed set of public services to citizens, business, other branches of government and government officials, in which personal interaction between the state and the applicant is minimized and information technologies are used as much as possible. In this definition, it can be noted that special attention is paid to minimizing the
contact of state bodies (officials) with the population [3].
Electronic government is an electronic document management system for public administration, based on the automation of the entire set of administrative processes throughout the country and serving the purpose of significantly increasing the efficiency of public administration and reducing the costs of social communications for each member of society.
Based on these two definitions, it becomes clear that e-government is not a separate project and an evolutionarily new stage of state development. Electronic government is not an analogue or addition to any part of public administration, it is a full-fledged system of the future, and in some aspects of the present, which brings the development of the state (citizens, business, government) to a completely new level of interaction and opportunities. In order to ensure access of individuals and legal entities to information, guarantees the right to receive information on the activities of state power and administration bodies and increase the responsibility of state power and administration bodies, and their officials for decisions made, a number of effective measures have
been taken in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The introduction and enhancement of the role of e-government in the provision of public services began with the Decree of the President of June 27, 2013 of the Comprehensive Program for the Development of the National Information and Communication System of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period 2013-2020 and the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of 2015 "On e-Government".
This law defines several principles on the basis of which the electronic government of the Republic of Uzbekistan operates:
openness and transparency of the activities of state bodies;
equal access of applicants to electronic government services;
provision of electronic public services on the principle of "one window";
unification of documents of state bodies;
use of uniform e-government identifiers;
continuous improvement of the procedure for the provision of electronic government services; ensuring information security. Let's consider the first principle - openness and transparency of the activities of state bodies. According
to Article 6 of the Law "On Electronic Government", the activities of state bodies in the field of electronic government are carried out openly and transparently in accordance with the legislation. That, in turn, may be limited by other laws, such as the Law "On commercial secrets", "On bank secrets", etc. Information on the procedure for the provision of electronic public services to applicants is public and open and is published on the official websites of state bodies providing electronic public services.
Transparency in Webster's dictionary is regarded as "the degree of openness and susceptibility to adjustments in laws, regulations, agreements affecting international trade; the level of accountability and responsibility in public
administration" [4]. R.B. Mitchell considers transparency to be a fundamental characteristic of the political system: it includes the openness of the system and decision-making procedures for external observers. At the same time, he nevertheless gives it an informational dimension, and also proposes to narrow down this concept and consider transparency only as a certain amount of available information regarding the functioning and collisions of the ruling regime. R.B. Mitchell emphasizes that
transparency is not homogeneous; its level is not the same both in different political systems, and within one system [5]. Transparency is multi-level in time and space. Some systems may be more transparent, others less; in certain cases, a particular political regime may be more open in certain aspects than another; finally, over a certain period of time, the system can demonstrate a higher level of transparency than before and in comparison with other political regimes.
The problem of transparency of political governance is extremely important in a transitional period, when the population's access to information becomes a key factor in social development. Only thanks to the expanding opportunities for political participation of various social groups and non-governmental organizations, the increasing responsibility and transparency of government, the free flow of information, and the suppression of the criminalization of political activity, can the quality of life of citizens be improved and the process of reforming the political system and state structure ensured success;
As one of the elements of economic and political regulation, transparency cannot act as a unified tool due to the pronounced structuredness of the management
space, and therefore, as a rule, it is differentiated by industry. There are three areas, covering all administrative relations in the state, where transparency is essential: a) public administration (political management); b) economics (economic management); c) law enforcement (control management).
Based on the foregoing, the procedure for the provision of electronic public services, as well as the interaction of state bodies providing electronic public services, is subject to mandatory improvement among themselves, including by:
elimination and (or) integration of redundant administrative procedures and reduction of the number of coordinating functions of state bodies;
reducing the number of documents submitted by applicants;
optimization of interagency electronic interaction;
reducing the time for the provision of electronic government services.
Accordingly, government bodies that provide electronic government services are obliged to ensure information security of information systems and information resources used in the provision of electronic government services.
Let's turn to statistics for the period of existence of electronic
government. The number of applications received through a single portal - 14.2 million, the center of public services - 10.3 million. Currently, more than 178 types of public services are provided using e-government, which in turn reduces transaction costs and prevents corruption [6].
The emergence of new principles such as transparency and openness, in the conditions of the formation of modern national democracy, make it possible to build a civil society in which there is no bureaucracy and corruption.
REFERENCES
1. https://president.uz/uz/lists/view/3851
2. The Presidential Decree "On the Strategy for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan" https://lex.uz/docs/3107036
3. Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 180.
4. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dictionary
5. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3235370?seq=14#metadata_info_tab_contents
6. https://my.gov.uz/ru/site/statistic-page
