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ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
TRANSLATION PROBLEMS OF UZBEK CLASSICAL WORKS Urmonova ^М. Email: Urmonova678@scientifictext.ru
Urmonova Nigorakhon Muminovna - Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, DEPARTMENT OF FRENCH PHILOLOGY, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF UZBEKISTAN NAMED AFTER MIRZO ULUGBEK, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the comparison of "The Code of Temur" translations into French, Uzbek, Russian with the original in Persian has been held for the first time. We defined the methods of archaization, modernization and neutralization of the historical-archaic lexics in translation, the principles of transliteration based on the context. The translation of historical names accomplished with historic-archaic lexics has been also studied the adequacy of the translations, made in different epocks has been analized. Research-scientists of Temurids are conducting in more than 50 countries around the world. More than 900 papers in the European and more than a thousand in Oriental languages are published about Amir Temur. The archives and libraries of Venice, Spain, France, Great Britain have kept written records of the diplomatic correspondence of the outstanding statesman and his successors with many countries of the world. "The Code of Temur" gained worldwide fame from the 15th century to the present. Manuscripts and copies are available in libraries in almost all countries of the world. Copying it is still continuing uniterruptedly. There are many handwritten copies of the "The Code of Temur" that have survived until this day, and they are slightly different. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate this critical source and create a critical text.
Keywords: translation, literary heritage, classical literary work, the historical spirit of epoch, historical-archaic words.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕРЕВОДА УЗБЕКСКИХ КЛАССИЧЕСКИХ
ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ Урмонова Н.М.
Урмонова Нигорахон Муминовна - кандидат филологических наук, доцент, кафедра французской филологии, Национальный университет Узбекистана им. Мирзо Улугбека, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье впервые осуществляется научное сопоставление переводов на французский, русский и узбекский языки "Уложения Темура" с оригиналом на персидском языке. В работе нами выявлены методы архаизации, модернизации и нейтрализации передачи историко-архаической лексики, принцип транслитерации, основанный на контекстуальном переводе. А также расмотрены исторические имена в единстве с архаико-исторической лексикой, проанализирована адекватность переводов, сделанных в разные эпохи, духу оригинала. Исследователи из Темуридов проводят исследования в более чем 50 странах мира. Об Амире Темуре опубликовано более 900 работ на европейских и более тысячи на восточных языках. Архивы и библиотеки Венеции, Испании, Франции, Великобритании ведут письменные записи о дипломатической переписке выдающегося государственного деятеля и его преемников со многими странами мира. «Кодекс Темура» приобрел всемирную известность с 15 века по настоящее время. Рукописи и копии доступны в библиотеках практически всех стран мира. Копирование все еще продолжается без перерыва. Есть много рукописных копий «Кодекса Темура», которые сохранились до
наших дней, и они немного отличаются. Поэтому необходимо исследовать этот критический источник и создать критический текст.
Ключевые слова: перевод, литературное наследие, классическое произведение, исторический дух эпохи, историко-архаичные слова.
Ancient artifacts, written monuments and mainly enter the world literary process by translating. At the same time, translation can play an intermediary role, that is, serve as the initiator of subsequent translations. At the beginning of his speech for the 1996 "The Code of Temur", Academician B. Akhmedov noted that "... the Russian edition of the 1894 work is not a Persian original, but a French edition, usually translated from a translation." But at the beginning of this word we read the following lines. "The Code of Temur" are written in the old Uzbek (Chigatai-Turkic) language, and its origin, unfortunately, has not been achieved. Nevertheless, the translation of Mir Abu Talib al-Turbati into Persian was preserved in the seventeenth century [1, р. 3], and has since been replaced by the original and is the basis for many translations of the world. There are many works in the world that have been preserved thanks to translations. Based on the foregoing, we can say that "The Code of Temur" is a rare work that is survived the translation.
"The Code of Temur" is a valuable resource in the study of life and the socio-political activities of the state and the state system of Amir Temur (09.04.1336-18.02.1405). This work was also referred to as "Tuzuki Temurius", "Malfusoti Temurius" and "Real Temur". This famous work contains valuable information about the biography, life, state and army of Hazrat Amir Temur, as well as the history of the Chigatai ulus for more than fifty years (1342-1405).
It is well known that "Tuzukoti Temuriy" consists of two "articles", the first "article" is the plans and plans of Amir Temur to create and strengthen his state, the formation of a well-armed army [2, р. 29]. It also outlines the arrangement of troops in battle.
The second part of the work, which consists of thirteen chapters, contains the advice and actions that Hazrat Amir Temur created to create a powerful state, form an army and defeat the enemy.
Explanatory notes in "The Code of Temur", some of the information contained in it, names, geographical names and other historical and archaic words that need to be interpreted are mainly contained in the Uzbek and Russian translations of the work and in the translation of the page of L. Langle. In addition to various explanations, interpretations in translations can be divided into several groups depending on the nature and meaning of the commenting word [3, р. 143]. "The Code of Temur" translators interpreted and commented on the names of translators of military, religious, historical figures and geographical names, national expressions representing various aspects of public life. The farther we go from the time of creation, the more difficult it is to understand the text, and, of course, the number of footnotes increases. Below we can reproduce their numbers.
Translations of "The Code of Temur". first part second part
French translation by L. Langle 92 133
Russian edition of N. Ostroumov 126 124
Achieving excellence in translating classical pieces is a daunting task. Work on the translation of great works, such as "The Code of Temur", and convergence with the original is an ongoing process. Such works will continue to be translated over and over.
Conclusion: the differences observed in translations are reflected not only in style, but also in their scientific accuracy and level.
a) The translation of the publication by L. Langle and N. Ostroumov can be considered as a work for mass publication.
b) The translation of classical works must include the period during which the translator lived and the translation was made. Because translation is a product of its time. The translation of L. Langle was made two centuries ago, and the publication of N. Ostroumov a
century ago, and when preparing their new edition, the history of the transition period and, therefore, the interpretation of historical and archaic words should now be taken into account. Naturally, many of the words used by L. Langle and N.Ostroumov in translation are outdated and outdated.
c) Analysis of the translations of L. Langle and N. Ostroumov "The Code of Temur" should not lead to the conclusion that these translations are invalid. These translations also have their own meaning. Thanks to them, our written monuments have become the spiritual wealth of foreign readers.
d) The scientific and creative work of L. Langle and N. Ostroumov on the promotion of 'The Code of Temur" deserves respect, but requires analysis and editing.
References / Список литературы
1. "Темур тузуклари". Т.: Fафур FynoM номидаги Адабиёт ва санъат нашриёти, 1996. 3 б.
2. Отажонов Н. Художественный перевод и научное комментирование (на материале переводов "Бабур-наме"). Автореф. дис. ... канд. филол. наук. Т., 1978. С. 5-10.
3. Керен Л., Саидов А. А. Темур ва Франция. Т.: Адолат, 1996. 88 б.
