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53International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
TRANSLATION OF ECOLOGICAL TERMS: PROPORTIONS IN UZBEK, ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES
https://doi.org/10.24412/2181-1784-2022-20-441-446
Djuraeva Dilnoza Fazliddinovna
Master of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Uzbekistan, specialist of the State Committee for Forestry, e-mail: yojigim@mail .ru
ABSTRACT
This article focuses on issues related to the use of ecological terms in different languages, their lexically and methodologically correct translation. Errors and omissions in green terminology are mentioned. At the same time, recommendations are given in the example of research conducted by experts in the field.
Keywords: Environmental protection, forest rangers, sustainable forest managers, semantics, stylistics, water stress, biology, chemistry, geology, simple and complex words, foreign terms, classifications, generalization, concretization, modulation.
INTRODUCTION
The science of environmental protection has been evolving for many years. The STRATEGY OF ACTIONS of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 pays special attention to the environment. [strategy.regulation.gov.uz/uz/document/2]. The ever-increasing number of problems related to environmental pollution is increasing the interest of uzbek scientists in ecology. It is no coincidence that the Committee for Ecology and environmental protection and the Committee for Forestry have been established in our country. At present, scientists in the field are struggling to master the ecological terms that come from abroad.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
In many countries of the world, scientists point out that the translation of ecological terms is a process of harmonization between the national language and foreign languages. The process of intensive growth in the industry over the last
International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
decade has made environmental issues a major concern in society today. There is a need for modern ecologists to translate various ecological terms from foreign sources.
Usually, when translating special texts, the skill of translating sentences exactly as required some sufficient difficulty. The reason is that most of the terms related to environmental protection come from foreign languages.
Scients face various difficulties in translating terms from English and Russian into Uzbek. In such cases, the researcher is required to have a good understanding of the bilingual nature of a particular sentence. In Russia in particular, forest hunters are engaged in forest hunting, afforestation, pest and disease control. In Uzbekistan, they are involved in the protection of forest fauna and flora. In Canada, sustainable forest managers are responsible for protecting and preserving forests. One of the aspects that a translator should focus on that there are three different names and differences in the activities of the forestry profession in the three countries.
The subtle aspect of the art of translation is that it is an indicator of conformity. Conformity translation is a that accurately expresses the content and form of the original in their inseparable connection, showing both the semantic and stylistic aspect of the original source.
The accuracy of translation is not limited to word-for-word copying, mechanical repetition of words, and adherence to translated text forms. Instead, the sentences are highlighted by not repeating them directly. It is also important to compare the means of expression of the two languages, to determine their semantic and methodological functions. Indeed, we use dictionaries to translate environmental terms. If we pay attention to the information in it, we can see in dictionaries the exact translation, meaning, origin, or related phrases of the word. But we may not get complete information on how this word is used in various information mantles.
For example, there is the concept of water stress in nature conservation. If we look up this phrase in dictionaries, we will see that it is an index of water scarcity. However, in science, water stress is defined as the percentage of water resources used annually in each country as a norm relative to the total estimated amount of water resources. The translator should consult an industry expert and industry-specific sources to explain the topic more broadly. For example, on water stress we can consult a land reclamation specialist [ Xojanazarov, 2020:132].
In the lexical systems of English, Russian and Uzbek there are differences in the semantic structure of the word and in the semantic volume of the word. In different languages, in the literal sense, there are often different signs of the same event or
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concept, which reflects an idea of the world specific to a particular language, whereas the mother tongue of that language inevitably causes difficulties in translation. We can give an example of this is the word juniper(archa).
There is no foreign translation of this word in Uzbek. It is also translated as archa in other languages. But there are many types of juniper. We see more use of the term juniper in Russian sources instead of archa, and more in English literature. Therefore, we need to differentiate according to the set of terms related to the field of ecology. [Muhsimov, 2021:61].
English-uzbek terms are indirectly related to, for example, biology (biocenosis / biosenoz, aerobes / aeroblar, biomass / biomassa); in chemistry (radionuclides/ radionuklidlar, dioxins/dioksidlar, aerosols / aerozollar); geography (areal/areal, hydrosphere/gidrosfera, landscape/landshaft); to physics (absorption/absorbsiya, water cycle/suv aylanishi, energy resources/energiya resurslari); on geology (soil degradation/tuproq degredatsiyasi, croison/eroziya). Also, many of the eco terms in English, Russian and Uzbek are considered to be derived from Latin and Greek. [Ayzenkon,Bagdasarova, 2003:1].
Foreign terms are classified according to their nature. When translating words, it is not easy to do while maintaining its structure. In English, terms are divided into simple and complex words and phrases. For example, simple terms consist of one word:
forest / o'rmon (uzb) flora / o'simliklar (uzb) sea / dengiz (uzb)
Compound terms consist of two or more words: river (daryo)+ side (tomon) = riverside (daryo bo 'yi) over(ustida) + fall (tushmoq)= overfall (suv oqimi) jelly (jele) + fish (baliq) = jellyfish (meduza) [ Grinev,2008:304]. If we pay attention to the construction of words and compounds above, we can see that words have a different meaning when translated individually, and a completely different meaning when translated in addition.
In addition, depending on the use of foreign terms, it is reflected in three forms: terms of the first type are used independently and do not lose their meaning: The words plant (o'simlik) and association (birlashma) together translate to plant association (o'simlik dunyosi).
International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
In the second type of compounds, the first word is from the scientific lexicon, the second word is used in general consumption or in various scientific fields:
In the combination of geological age, geological geologik - scientific vocabulary, age/yosh - are commonly used words.
In the third type of word combinations, both words refer to the common vocabulary: green belt - yashil maydon, food chain - oziq-ovqat zanjiri. [http:// www.multitran.ru].
So what methods do you think modern linguists are using in the translation of eco-names today? Researchers are divided into the following categories:
1. Literal word translation. It is given by direct translation of international words in another language. In this case, the semantic and stylistic meaning of the word is preserved. For example:
Engl. ecotoxicology - uzb. and russ. Ekotoksikologiya (Department of Toxicology, which studies the effects of toxic substances on ecosystems and their circulation in the biosphere);
Engl. ecotechnology - uzb. and russ. Ekotexnologiya (actions, goods and services aimed at improving the life cycle and preventing harmful effects on the environment).
Engl. ecosystem - uzb. Ekotizim (refers to the legitimate connection between different organisms that live together and their habitat).
2. Create an appropriate word or use an equivalent. This preserves the core of the word. Side words, suffixes are processed. For example:
Engl. Environmentalist - uzb. and russ. Ekolog (researcher in the field of ecology)
Engl. Ecoinnovation - uzb. and russ. Ekoinnovatsiya (innovation in the field)
Engl. Ecological-biological school - uzb. Eko-biologik maktab.
3. Transcription and transliteration. Translation transliteration and translation transliteration are partially characteristic of the translation of foreign eco terms. In this case, certain ecological sentences are performed by metaphorical or metonymic transfer. For example:
Toponym-ecological catastrophe, explosion, dangerous place names: Chernobyl, Fukushima, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Odessa.
Hurricane, typhoon and tsunami names - Catherine hurricane (the USA), typhon Haiyan (Phillipines), Sandy hurricane (Haiti), the Indian Ocean Tsunami.
International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
4. Lexical-semantic exchange (generalization, concretization, modulation).
In this category, the inversion state occurs during the translation process. The terms are taken into account on the basis of the appropriate unity in terms of the mentality, lifestyle, national culture of the people being translated. A given word is given the same meaning in another language (a paper-wrapped variant). This process is called modulation. [Terexova,Jabo, Nyu Chen 2003:1].
For example: engl. Disaster preparedness is translated into Uzbek with the phrase "disaster preparedness", which is given a softer (concretization) of the negative dye, and when expressed as "emergency preparedness" it is reflected in a more general, slightly frightening dye (generalization). English commit no nuisance! We can also take the phrase do not fight, do not cause inconvenience and compromise (modulation). That is, we adapt to our culture, our mentality. CONCLUSION
Therefore, care should be taken when translating any industry terms. At a time when the field of ecology is developing rapidly, special attention should be paid to the meaning and application of new innovative words entering science. In view of the above, the following conclusions can be drawn.
1. The translator, specialist must have sufficient knowledge of foreign languages before translating sentences from one language to another.
2. It is advisable to be familiar with the field when translating texts related to environmental protection.
3. Must be able to analyze the lexical and grammatical structure of environmental terms, correctly use the units of communication.
4. It is necessary to form a list of abbreviations, abbreviations.
5. The meaning of the sentences should not overlook the cases of migration.
6. Obtaining a conclusion from a professional environmentalist on the text of the final translation ensures the perfection of the text.
REFERENCES:
1. The Strategy Of Actions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 pays special attention to the environment.[strategy.regulation.gov.uz/uz/document/2].
2. Xojanazarov O., Ecology and nature protection. - Tashkent:Chilonzor,2020.
3. Forestry Research Institute., Collection of scientific practical conference materials. . - Tashkent:Dostlik,2021.
International scientific-practical conference on the topic of "Problems and perspectives of modern technology in teaching foreign languages"
4. Muhsimov N., Guidelines for landscaping the city of Tashkent. -Qibray:Universitet,2021.
5. Grinev G., Terminology for high course students. Moscow. - Academia,2008.
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