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TRAINING TO TRANSLATE NEOLOGISMS WHEN TRAINING ENGLISH-
LANGUAGE STUDENTS Rakhimova G.K.
Rakhimova Guljonoy Kodirberganovna - assistant, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, TURTKUL BRANCH, TASHKENT UNIVERSITY OF HUMANITARIAN LANGUAGES, TURTKUL, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article is devoted to teaching to define, understand and translate neologisms in the preparation of students in the specialty of "Translation studies". The following questions are raised: the definition of neologisms in different explanatory dictionaries, the reasons of appearance of new words, the relevance and the need for training translators neologisms in the preparation of translators in the field ofprofessional communication; description of a phased list of actions for understanding and equivalent translation of neologisms in well-known texts. The article is provided with relevant examples of neologisms.
Keywords: neologisms, teaching the translation of neologisms, translation in the field ofprofessional communication. In any language of the world, new words appear daily that describe certain phenomena of modern reality.
ОБУЧЕНИЕ ПЕРЕВОДИТЬ НЕОЛОГИЗМЫ ПРИ ПОДГОТОВКЕ СТУДЕНТОВ С
АНГЛИЙСКИМ ЯЗЫКОМ ОБУЧЕНИЯ Рахимова Г.К.
Рахимова Гулжоной Кодирбергановна - ассистент, кафедра социально-гуманитарных наук, Турткуль филиал, Ташкентский университет гуманитарных языков, г. Турткуль, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: ежегодно растет число студентов, изучающих английский язык. Это привело к появлению различных методов преподавания английского языка. Также проверка контроля эффективности процесса обучения английского языка. Статья представляет интерес для специалистов педагогической сферы с английским языком обучения.
Ключевые слова: английский язык, студент, информационные технологии, обучение, русский язык, учебный процесс.
Some words do not coexist in the language and disappear after a while, when some words remain in the language for a long time. It often happens that in one language a word has arisen and already describes a situation, while in another language there is only a phenomenon, and the name for it has not been invented yet. Such words have a place to be in the modern world and are called neologisms. In linguistics, neologism is "a new word or expression, as well as a new meaning of the old word" [1]. According to the Linguodidactic Encyclopedic Dictionary A.N. Shchukin neologism is a word or speech created to designate a new subject or express a new concept [2]. By V. S. Vinogradov, "neologisms are new words or meanings that are fixed in the language, which are called new objects of thought" [3], i.e. new words not only appear once in the language, but functionally remain in it for a while. At the moment, the English language, like many other languages, is experiencing a "neological boom". A huge influx of new words and the need to describe them led to the creation of a special branch of lexicology - neology - the science of neologisms. A significant achievement in English lexicography and neology is the release of a four-volume supplement to the Great Oxford Dictionary edited by R. Burchfield, containing more than entries and more than half a million illustrative examples" [4]. According to the statistics, tens of thousands of neologisms appear in developed languages every year, and specifically in English, according to R. Burchfield, an average of 800 neologisms appear each year, which indicates the socalled "neologism explosion", "neology blowing up" [5]. Nowadays, when humanity lives in a smart society, characterized by widespread informatization, computerization, globalization, there are many such words. Having passed the necessary stages of adoption in society and consolidation in the language, and lexicography (consolidation in dictionaries and the national language corpus), they are included in the active vocabulary of the language and replenish the supply of commonly used words. The reason of the appearance of neologisms is mainly social and scientific and technological progress: social and political changes, the emergence of new socio-economic concepts, discoveries and development in the field of science and technology, and achievements in the field of culture. The main sign of neologism is the absolute novelty of the word for most native speakers. The word is in a state of neologism for a very short time. As soon as the word begins to be actively used in everyday life, it loses the sign of novelty, and gradually enters the lexical system of the language as a common language [3]. By their structure and method of formation, neologisms are represented by several options. The most characteristic ways of formation of neologisms are word formation (word composition, affixation, conversion, reduction), borrowing from other languages and changing the meaning of words. It is worth to agree with V.V. Lopatin [2] and note that modern neologisms give the text/statement emotional expressiveness, semantic accuracy and expressiveness: In order to be
able to choose the appropriate word-formation tool in each case, you need to understand these tools well ... words expressing different shades of thought and having different expressive colors, with the help of wordformation tools themselves, they can give a positive, negative assessment of the phenomena in question". Therefore, if the equivalents of their words will not appear in the bilingual dictionary, it will greatly complicate their understanding and translation. In our opinion, the problem of defining, understanding, and translating neologisms is particular relevance in the context of the preparation of students in a language university for a vocational training program in the specialty of "Translation deal". For a certain short period of time, it is necessary to provide quality traini ng for future specialists in the field of specialized translation, i.e. to develop students' practical skills of professionally oriented translation in combination with a deep understanding of complex linguistic phenomena, which include neologisms. Prilipukhova Ya.A., an English teacher, writes in her article: "Practice shows that one of the factors ensuring the success and effectiveness of the professional work of a modern employee is the ability to act confidently in a modern information environment, receive, process and transmit professionally significant information , the main source of which are authentic texts in a foreign language " [5]. Neologisms occupy not only the last place in the development of intercultural competence among students, and also their adequate understanding leads to 95 an increase in the effectiveness of intercultural communication in the field of future professional activity. E. S. Tarassova in her work noted that, "The most significant reasons for the increased need for training in the translation of specialized texts, usually containing neologisms, are. The rapidly growing growth of telecommunication technologies, leading to the emergence of new words and concepts.The need for the exchange of specialized and scientific and technical information. Thigh need for intercultural communication at a professional level. A wareness of the need for mutual understanding, professional and scientific and technical cooperation. Search for ways and means of solving global problems of professional communication of specialists" [2]. Thus, in the preparation of translators in the field of professional communication, it is necessary to introduce practical tasks into the learning process based on authentic language material and aimed at mastering the students' skills in understanding and translating neologisms. We believe that an adequate understanding and equivalent translation of neologisms from English into Russian becomes possible only after students learn how to create and form neologisms. The problem of translating new words takes the first place in the list of problems that translators face, because such words are not easy to find in ordinary dictionaries and even in the latest specialized dictionaries. There are several types of neologisms about which students should be informed at the very beginning of the study of the lexical aspects of translation. Neologisms are an important part of the everyday speech of native speakers, as well as the media and public discourse. The results of our research showed that teaching new words along with other lexical units in English in foreign language classes has several advantages: - it gives students the opportunity to practice English, which is spoken "here and now", - it helps students to understand the new cultural experience of the English language, - speaking society and current trends of its development. The teacher's task is to summarize the vast linguistic experience in the field of neologism studies and pass it on to students in a concise form, providing it with "fresh" and memorable authentic examples from modern English-language professionally oriented sources. Every day in our modern world, new words are formed. That is why the understanding and translation of new words carry certain difficulties, since not a single dictionary in the current pace of life development can timely replenish its lexical composition with neologisms. Perhaps one of the truly worthy resources is the Oxford Dictionary [1], which monthly makes an attempt to register new words with the publication of a review article. At the end of the year, this resource, as a rule, publishes in open access a complete list of officially registered words 96 for the year. How should a student deal with professionally oriented translation if he is faced with neologism? Sometimes the context can help the translator, as well as knowledge of the components of neologism. But most often this is not enough, and the translator must possess other extralinguistic knowledge (for example, in which particular situations a particular neologism can be used). It is also important to note the responsibilities of the translator. In the literary text, he is obliged to recreate any neologism which he meets, based on the neologism of the source language. When translating popular advertising, a translator can create a new word 3. He can convey the cultural word of the source language, if for one reason or another he considers that it is important0The translator should focus on context in order to translate neologisms. Neologisms are usually formed on the basis of words and morphemes that already exist in the language. An analysis of these words and morphemes is an additional useful tool for determining the meaning of neologism. He must remember the rules of word formation. After reviewing and analyzing the work of specialists in the field of translation. As well as our own experience, we identified the main stages of working with neologisms in the process of forming professional translation competence of future specialists. Below is a phased list of actions that we use in teaching neologism translation in the training of translators and which, in our opinion, can bring some benefit in the process of translating neologisms in specialized texts. How to translate neologisms? Dictionaries lag behind changes in languages. New words, figurative words and phrases, slangs are introduced into the language so quickly that no dictionary can and should not register them immediately. Indeed, the number of neologisms appearing in the media during the year in developed languages amounts to thousands. For example: In English: schoolteacherly. The meaning in Russian language: student-payer (student who pays tuition) Consequently, translators must figure out the meaning of completely new neologisms, mainly based on the context (sentence, paragraph, chapter, or even the whole document) in which neologism is used. Neologisms are usually formed on the basis of words and morphemes that already exist in the language. An analysis of these words and morphemes is an additional useful tool for determining the meaning of neologism. To do this, the translator must remember the rules of word formation, in particular the following. Giving words new affixes (that is, suffixes, prefixes and endings attached to words / word stems to form new words), for example English: losingest, googling, telescam 97 Russian
language: постсоветский (post-Soviet), мобильник (a mobile phone), наркотизм (narcotism) 2. Creating a new meaning for existing words, for example: English: footprint - impact on our planet Russian language: мыло ("an email" - the new meaning of computer slang; "a soap" - the traditional meaning. Loanwords (mainly professional and scientific terms borrowed from other languages), for example: English: glasnost (from Russian: publicity, openness), ponzu (from Japanese: sauce made from soy sauce and citrus juice), chuddies (from Hindi: cowards) Russian language: бизнес-ланч (с английского: a business lunch), секьюрити (с английского: a bodyguard), спичрайтерa speech writer. Semi-abbreviations (words consisting of parts of other words), abbreviations, for example: English: biosecurity, nomophobia (short for "phobia without a mobile phone", which means fear of being out of contact with a mobile phone), FSU (the Former Soviet Union - the former Soviet Union) Russian language: СПИД (AIDS), страхагент (an insurance agent), туроператор (a tour operator) Ways to translate neologisms: -Selection of a suitable analogue in the target language. Attempt to search for an equivalent in available bilingual dictionaries, including constantly updated online versions of dictionaries transcription and transliteration: transliteration - a translation method where the word is translated by the exact transmission of the signs of one writing to the signs of another writing, in which each character of one writing system is transmitted by the same character of another writing system (for example, blog - blog [4], transcription is a translation technique, which consists in transferring in letters of the language into which the translation is performed, the sound of the word in the source language (for example, facebooker - фейсбукер) [15], - tracing is the transfer of a foreign word or expression by literal translation of individual parts of a foreign word or individual words (for example, the White House - Белый Дом); - Explanatory translation and descriptive translation descriptive translation - disclosing the meaning of the lexical of a source language using detailed phrases (for example, Landslide - victory in the elections with a large margin of votes; Ivy League - the oldest universities in New England, the intellectual elite in the USA). Conclusion 98 English, like other languages of the world, is changing constantly. Neologisms are words that are completely new lexical units for each historical period, and which become part of the culture and language. Such words have not managed yet to enter the active vocabulary, therefore, they may not be clear. The reason for the appearance of neologisms is social and scientific and technological progress, globalization, intercultural communication. The emergence of a new word is the result of a struggle between two trends - the development trend of the language and the tendency to preserve it. This is due to the fact that "there is a rather strong tendency in the language to remain in a state of communicative fitness" [8]. Thus, there are many ways of translating neologisms that the translator plays a vital role in their translation and interpretation. The emphasis on teaching to understand and to translate neologisms in the training of translators in the field of professional communication helps to shape future translators' willingness to effectively resolve issues related to the adequate and equivalent translation of modern specialized texts in the context of scientific and technological progress and a rapidly evolving world view.
References / Список литературы
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