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26Problems of translating English sentences into Uzbek
Shakhrizoda Muzaffar qizi Sultonmurotova shahrizodasultonmurotova98@gmail. com Uzbekistan State University of World languages
Abstract: The present article is devoted to the investigation of various problems of translation, which are constantly suffered by language learners, and to present the ways of eliminating these crucial issues in translation process. The point of current paper is also to show the divergences of English and Uzbek languages and they can be cause for what kind of difficulties for translators.
Keywords: divergences of languages, grammatical differences, word order, tense-aspect, articles, lexical problems, cultural difference
Introduction
Translating any text from source language without any mistakes and misunderstandings to the target language requires from translator advanced linguistic knowledge, broad outlook, rich experience, cultural awareness and the feature of eloquence. In some cases translators encounter some challenging situations due to the significant grammatical differences, problematic states of lexical layer and cultural discordance between English and Uzbek languages even they have the features which have been mentioned above.
The construction of each language is made up of its own unique grammatical structures and forms, which differ fundamentally between languages from different language families. For instance, English and Uzbek exhibit typological and genetic variations due to their membership in distinct language groups. English belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family, while Uzbek is part of the Turkic family originating from the Altaic language group. An analytical language like English conveys grammatical meaning through sentence structure, intonation, and auxiliary words, whereas an agglutinative language like Uzbek forms its grammatical structure and meaning by adding affixes to the stem and base. Uzbek has a complex system of using suffixes, affixes for tense, aspect, voice, mood different from English. In order to show modality English has a perfect system but Uzbek has lack of them. These discordances may cause crucial issues in translation process. Because of the divergences of grammar between languages, translators usually encounter word order, articles, tense-aspect, gender categorical problems, so it is considered one of the intricacies of translating English into Uzbek.
Another challenging task for translators is lexical problems, which is in the usage of words properly in the source and target language, and they might be reason for
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difficulties of translating loan words, false friends, phraseological units, idioms and collocations, terminological words, synonyms and polysemantic words.
English has borrowed many words from other languages, including French, German, Latin. Similarly, Uzbek has borrowed many words from Russian, Arabic, and Persian. This makes it challenging to translate these loanwords accurately without losing their original meaning. During translation translator uses these words with their original form, in some cases with transliteration, transcription. For example, the English word "computer" is often translated into Uzbek as "kompyuter", which is a direct borrowing of the English word: radio-radio, basketball-basketbol, football-futbol.
Choosing proper equivalent from the target language is another significant mission for translators in order to make perfect translation and this procedure can get a little harder for students and even professional in some cases. For example, the English phrase "by the way" has several Uzbek equivalents: "aytgancha", "aytganday", "sirasini aytganda", "kezi kelganda". These equivalents belong to the comparative syntactic strategy section of the translator's personal lexicon. In most cases technical words, scientific terms are the essential issue for choosing real equivalent from synonyms or polysemantic words.
False friends are words that have similar pronunciation and spelling in two particular languages, but have completely different meanings. The study of false friends - the words or phrases which sound similar in both languages - and their role in the interlanguage of English learners could be an important asset to avoid misunderstanding in intercultural communications. In translation false friends can divert translator while readers of translated work digress from real meaning of words. For example: the English word "fabric" means "cloth" or "material", but the Uzbek word "fabric" means "factory". "Magazine" is "publishedpaper" in English contrary it is "shop" in Uzbek and Russian languages.
English language is rich in idioms and collocations the same with Uzbek but it is hard to find equivalents between languages for translation. Translating idiomatic expressions and phraseological units is more serious task for several reasons. While these units have figurative meaning and it is not clear for non-native speakers, expressions have cultural connotations that are specific to the language in which they originated. It is mentioned that using word for word translation is unavailing even understanding the real meaning from context is sometimes difficult for non-native speaker cause some multi-word units don't have equivalent in Uzbek language: heavy father - serious or solemn part in a theatrical play, to wash one's dirty linen in public-you disapprove of their discussing or arguing about unpleasant or private things in front of other people.
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Culture is complex set of daily life experiences and it includes history, social system, religion, daily customs and traditions. The transfer process of cultural elements into another language environment through translation is a crucial issue.
According to linguist Edward Sapir language is impossible to be exist without culture. When language is the heart, culture is the body and their interaction creates continuity of life energy. Therefore translator has to consider culture at the first step in translation process. Cultural difference between English speaking countries and Uzbekisatan while these various differences can create more misunderstandings in translation, they can also lead to more than a few problems resulting from culture clash. To find equivalent for used slogans, jargons, communication style, which are the result of cultural education, is the most difficult thing. For example, the English word "tea" can refer to a specific type of beverage, while in Uzbek culture, "tea" can refer to a social ritual that involves drinking tea and eating sweets. Some words related to national customs such as kelin salom, mahsi, challari are not translated to English while English Halloween, Bonfire Night is not on a par with Uzbek words. Using the words with neutral meaning or positive, negative connotations is depend on culture: pig is in neutral meaning in English but it has negative connotation in Uzbek culture.
Conclusion
In modern linguistics language translation is detailed investigated as the main branch and problems of it are defined, solutions are found by linguists every time. Problems of translating English into Uzbek language are classified as grammatical, lexical, cross-cultural issues and in order to overcome the challenges of translating it is essential to have a deep understanding of the grammatical differences, familiarizing with the language and its grammar rules, using simple, clear sentences to avoid confusion, paying attention to the word order and sentence structure, using context to determine the intended meaning, applying glossaries and translation software to assist with complex translations, being aware of cultural identities, utilizing dictionaries and encyclopedias to choose equivalents similar with proper meaning.
References
1. I.G'afurov, O.Mo'minov, N.Qambarov TARJIMA NAZARIYASI «Tafakkur Bo'stoni» Toshkent - 2012
2. Gulnora Abdullayeva Gaybulloyevna GRAMMATICAL DISPROPORTION BETWEEN UZBEK AND ENGLISH AS A MAIN PROBLEM IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION OF THE LANGUAGES EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) Volume: 5 | Issue: 9 | September 2020 pages 409-411
3. N. A. Mansurova ENGLISH-RUSSIAN-UZBEK FALSE FRIENDS IN MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT TERMS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
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INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 8, ISSUE 3, Mar.-2021
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