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20I. TARMOQLAR VA SOHALAR IQTISODIYOTI
TOURISM AND RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL AND REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
Matkabulova D.Kh.
senior lecture of Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies
e-mail: d.matkabulova1987@gmail.com
Slyeva A.T.
master's student of Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies
e-mail: almahanova.aynura@mail .ru
Annotation. There is a large variety of regional units in the market of tourist and recreational services in Uzbekistan, as well as a great demand for sanatoriumresort institutions and recreation organizations.
Keywords: tourist potential, recreation, tourist attractiveness, concentration of demand, variety of services.
Introduction. The main and interesting feature of international tourism is a large flow of tourists to different parts of the countries and regions. Such an uneven distribution of tourists gives the following ratio: tourists traveling abroad make up 80% of the total, while the remaining 20% travel to neighboring territories.
The development of recreational activities in the region in the absence of proper planning and management leads to degradation of the natural environment and loss of income in the industry, which requires the development of environmentally sound territorial organization plans. Of the majority of the legislative acts adopted in the republic, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 3, 2018 UP-5326 "On additional organizational measures to create favorable conditions for the development of the tourism potential of the Republic of Uzbekistan", as well as the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, dated 05.01. 2019. Under No. UP-5611 "On additional measures to accelerate the development of tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan" are the most important prerequisite for the further development and improvement of recreational services in the country of the development of environmentally sound territorial organization plans. Tourist and recreational activities include the following, for example, sanatorium-resort recreation. Sanatorium-resort recreation includes services such as various tourist organizations and fitness clubs, as well as specially equipped facilities for recreation at enterprises (for example, psychological relief rooms).
Literary review. It is well known that only an integrated approach to the management of resort and recreational areas will allow to stabilize and improve the ecological situation, which is decisive in the issues of giving recreational status to localities. The creation of a dynamically developing balanced system that coordinates the interaction between resort areas, agrotechnopolys and recreational complexes will significantly expand the scope of recreational activities by involving non-covered
territories with powerful landscape and climatic and recreational potential. Large recreational complexes of the regions act, in essence, as a kind of grid nodes of the territorial economy. They attract the attention of the authorities to solving the problems of the development of the recreational industry, the placement of its facilities in accordance with the specialization of the district. An important prerequisite for the creation of a recreational complex in a particular region is the study of natural and climatic conditions and the established traditions of recreational practice. In addition, it is necessary to determine the amount of investments, appropriate resources and qualified personnel that make up the core of the company's personnel. The formation of the labor potential of the recreational complex is also a multifaceted problem. Along with carrying out purposeful work to improve the professional competence of the staff, this requires maintaining a certain stability of the staff and its self-improvement. Practice shows that the low provision of this process is one of the reasons for the qualification backwardness of the sanatoriumresort complexes of the periphery. In a more favorable relationship are organizations that have a gravitation to large centers for the training and retraining of personnel in the leisure industry.
Analysis and results. Here, specialized enterprises of the sanatorium-resort sphere act as producers of recreational services: sanatoriums, boarding houses, rest homes, tourist bases, etc. From this point of view, recreational services act as one type of tourist services. Having a complex composition, the tourist and recreational sphere is a complex of objects of the production and non-production sphere. The basis of tourist and recreational services are the services of sanatorium-resort institutions, boarding houses. recreation centers, children's health facilities, recreation centers, in addition, accommodation facilities that are not an integral part of the sanatorium-resort sphere, for the purposes of entrepreneurship, tourist-sports, tourist-excursion and specialized enterprises, other private hotels. Uzbekistan has unique historical monuments and natural conditions that have preserved their original appearance, which is extremely rare in previously developed areas with a high population density, and presents ample opportunities for the development of tourism, recreation and wellness. Having unique monuments and diverse nature, more than 200 types of natural healing springs of mineral waters and mud springs have been discovered on the territory of Uzbekistan. The chemical composition, therapeutic, biological and other properties of these underground springs are priceless. On the basis of these sources, health resorts, physiotherapy facilities and other health facilities were created. Of these, such as Zaamin sanatoriums, Chimgan zone, Ak-tasha sanatoriums, Chartak sanatoriums, Sitorai Mokhi Khosa, Turon, Chinabod are of world importance. Currently, there are special sanatoriums, dispensaries and rest homes in the republic, the number of which is 56348 beds. Active types of tourism are rapidly developing in Uzbekistan, which are in demand not only in summer, but in winter and autumn. The winter sports complex in Chimgan is proof of this. Here, at an altitude of 1800-2000 m, there are opportunities to engage in winter sports and sports games from autumn to spring. The Samarkand, Kashkadarya and
Surkhandarya regions have unique natural conditions for creating sports camps of the same type. The differentiation of regional units and the concentration of demand for the development of the activities of sanatorium-resort institutions and recreation organizations is largely expressed in the development of the market of tourist and recreational services in Uzbekistan. Analyzing the current state of development of recreational tourism, of which sanatorium-resort institutions and recreation organizations are an integral part in the context of the regions of Uzbekistan, specific features of the regions were identified. In confirmation of this, we will consider the following data on the activities of sanatorium-resort institutions provided by the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The number of sanatorium-resort organizations in the Republic of Karakalpakstan is 7, while the number of units is also 7, in the Andijan region there are 10 organizations, and 12 units. Bukhara region, organizations and facilities are 4, Kashkadarya region has 16 organizations, 17 facilities, Navoi region has 7 organizations and facilities, as well as 18 in Namangan region, Samarkand region has 28 sanatorium-resort organizations, 29 accommodation facilities, Surkhandarya region has 11 organizations, 12 facilities. The largest number is in the Tashkent region and in Ferghana, 35-36,33-36. Regarding the city of Tashkent itself, the number of organizations is 14, and the accommodation facilities are 15. The data were prepared on the basis of data from the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to the analysis of the table data, the association was carried out into the following groups according to the services provided, and it was found out to what extent the differentiation of regional units and the concentration of demand for the development of the activities of sanatoriumresort institutions and recreation organizations in the regions of the Republic is expressed.
Thus, according to the table, the concentration of regional units and the differentiation of supply and demand for services provided by sanatoriums and recreation enterprises of the Republic is expressed to a high degree. This is especially evident in the example of Tashkent, Ferghana, Namangan and Samarkand regions, since most of them are located in them - 63.7% of all health resorts, the remaining 9 regions account for 36.3% of these institutions. A high degree of concentration of regional units for the development of recreation centers can be traced in the Tashkent, Khorezm, Kashkadarya regions and the city of Tashkent. 70% of all holiday homes are located in the above-mentioned regions, the remaining 10 regions account for only 30% of holiday homes. It follows from the above studies: despite the fact that there are a large number of tourist and recreational facilities on the territory of Uzbekistan, rapidly increasing population growth rates, and an increase in the flow of tourists coming to the country for recreation and recreation, existing facilities cannot fully meet the demand of all recreants. In particular, it was revealed that in such areas as Surkhandarya, Navoi, Andijan, Bukhara, as well as Samarkand and Jizzakh regions have great opportunities for the provision of services by sanatoriums, resorts, children's hospitals, etc. If the state of recreational tourism infrastructure is improved in the above-mentioned areas, this will make it possible to increase the flow of
foreign tourists and the possibility of improving the health of the indigenous population. It is also necessary to increase the efficiency of travel companies when using the services of sanatorium-resort organizations and rest homes.
Conclusion. The urgent task of creating conditions for the rehabilitation of foreign tourists in sanatoriums and rest homes directly on the vouchers of travel companies requires solving both from an economic and a legal point of view. This problem is also relevant for citizens of Uzbekistan, since most of the population does not use the services of existing boarding houses, sanatoriums, rest homes and other health organizations. We believe that in solving this problem, it is necessary to develop an improved system of incentive measures and innovations in the activities of recreational tourism, which will increase the interest of both foreign tourists and the local population in existing sanatoriums and health facilities, which will eventually lead to the sustainable development of the sphere of tourist and recreational services.
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