CC BY
9Actual Problems of Oil and Gas. Iss. 1(32) 2021 http://oilgasjournal.ru
DOI 10.29222/ipng.2078-5712.2021-32.art7 UDC [303.6+303.7]:001.8
Total numbers matter. Landscape of China's scientific publications in 2018-2020 on the energy issue
B.N. Chigarev
Oil and Gas Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow E-mail: bchigarev@ipng.ru
Abstract. This study aims to reveal and analyze the landscape of China's scientific publications in 2018-2020 on the subject "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" using bibliometric data from the Lens platform.
Bibliometric data of 26,623 scholarly works that satisfy the query: "Filters: Year Published = (2018-); Publication Type = (journal article); Subject = (Energy Engineering and Power Technology); Institution Country/Region = (China)" were used to analyze their main topics disclosed by Fields of Study and Subject; the leading contributors to these R&D activities were also detected.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Petroleum, Tsinghua University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China University of Mining and Technology are the leading institutions in the subject. Most research works were funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
China carries out its research not only in conjunction with the leading economies: United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, but also with the developing countries: Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Viet Nam. Materials science, Chemical engineering, Computer science, Chemistry, Catalysis, Environmental science are the top Fields of Study.
Analysis of co-occurrence of Fields of Study allowed to identify 5 thematic clusters: 1. Thermal efficiency and environmental science; 2. Materials science for energy storage and hydrogen production; 3. Catalysis and pyrolysis for better fossil fuels; 4. Computer science and control theory for renewable energy; 5. Petroleum engineering for new fossil fuel resources and composite materials.
The results of the work can serve as a reference material for scientists, developers and investors, so that they can understand the research landscape of the "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" subject.
Keywords: China, energy engineering and power technology, landscape of publications, bibliometrics, the Lens, field of study.
Citation: Chigarev B.N. Total numbers matter. Landscape of China's scientific publications in 2018-2020 on the energy issue // Actual Problems of Oil and Gas. 2021. Iss. 1(32). P. 76-101. https://doi.org/10.29222/ipng.2078-5712.2021-32.art7
Introduction
Research and development (R&D) is expensive but plays an important role in improving competitiveness. Researchers, technology innovators and decision-makers need to understand the structure of global trends, therefore, the analysis of scholarly works carried out by the world's leading economies is
becoming an essential component in developing effective decisions on science funding.
The bibliometric analysis contributes significantly to understanding the landscape of academic publications and the hot topics of R&D [1]. In recent decades, China has become one of the leading nations in science and R&D [2].
© 2021. B.N. Chigarev 76
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Chinese authors make extensive use of bibliometric analysis to construct research profiles, study global scientific cooperation and identify trends in the development of specific areas of knowledge [3-6]. In the main they use data from Scopus, Web of Science and Chemical Abstracts Service, but the Lens platform has additional features: classification by subjects of research, fields of study, open access to its resources and wider indexing coverage. In this study, "Energy Engineering and Power Technology", the main subject category of Energy subject area as classified by Elsevier*, was biometrically analyzed.
General note: in this article, the terms used by the Lens platform are given in their original form, for example, Field of Study, Subject, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Materials Science, in order to separate them from the rest of the text.
1. Materials and methods
1.1. Data
"Energy Engineering and Power Technology" subject includes 560,318 scholarly works in the Lens database. In 2018-2020, 90,173 documents were published: 26,366 by China, 10,393 by United States and 4,319 by India. Considering only journal articles, we get the final request to the Lens: "Filters: Year Published = (2018-); Publication Type = (journal article); Subject = (Energy Engineering and Power Technology); Institution Country/Region = (China)",
which gives 26,623 scholarly works as the result for further analysis.
1.2. Methods
Scholar analysis by the Lens platform provides a flexible possibility to build data slices. We use it to get top institution name, top funding, countries, subjects, fields of study and so on.
For each top item, 3 or 4 highly cited articles with their brief analysis were proposed as examples. Moreover, we use VOSviewer, a software tool for constructing and visualizing bibliometric networks [7], to cluster Field of Study data based on their co-occurrence.
Fields of study are used by the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) and exposed as Topics on the Microsoft Academic website to categorize entities. They are defined by machine learning parsing of all accessible text in bibliometric records. The Lens is based on Microsoft Academic Index and includes currently 225,109,652 scholarly works.
2. Results
During the last 10 years, the number of Chinese publications on "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" subject more than doubled compared to the global average: 2,041 articles in 2011 and 10,375 in 2020 (as of 12.06.2020) compared to 15,004 articles in 2011 and 34,173 in 2020 published by all countries (Fig. 1).
Journal articles are the main type of publications. Book chapters and conference proceedings are minor. Chinese authors strive to have their articles indexed in leading international abstract databases.
*https://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php?area=2100&category=2102
11 10 9 8
-E 7 o
O R
<u
E 5
,000-
,000
,000-
,000
,000
,000-
,000
,000-
,000
,000
,000-
2012
2013
2014
2015 2016
Year Published
2017
2018
2019
2020
Publication Type
9 Book Chapter Conference Proceedings® Journal Article
Fig. 1. The number of scholarly works over time by their publication type
2.1. Top Institution Name by Document Count on "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" subject for 2018-2020
Chinese organizations lead the overall list (without "China" filter) of publication activity
(Fig. 2).
Examples of top cited articles by Chinese Academy of Sciences [8-10] and their Field of Study {Electrochemistry^2 Ion^2; Lithium^2; Materials science^2 Anode^l; Battery (electricity)^l Capacitance ^ 1; Carbon^l; Cathode^ 1
Chemical engineering^! Energy storage^l; Environmental science^l; Heavy metals^l; Human health^l; Hydrometallurgy^l; Inorganic chemistry^l; Mesoporous material^-l; Metal recycling^-l; Mini review^l; Nanocrystal^l; Polymerization^l; Pyrometallurgy^l; Sodium^ l;
Supercapacitor^l; Waste management^l}. Hence, we can assume that Materials science for Supercapacitor and Battery, including impact of Heavy metals on Human health, are the main topics of those researches.
Fig. 2. Top institutions, based on their number of scholarly works in the result for the query:
"Filters: Year Published = (2018-); Publication Type = (journal article); Subject = (Energy Engineering and Power Technology)"
Examples of top cited articles by China University of Petroleum [11-13] and their Field of Study (Geothermal energy^2; Geothermal gradient^2; Mass flow rate^2; Petroleum engineering^2; Working fluid^2; Carbonate^l; Closed loop^l; Environmental science^l; Fossil fuel^l; Geology^ 1; Injection rate^l; Macropore^l; Mass flow^l; Mass transferal; Materials science^l; Mineralogy^l; Oil shale^l; Organic geochemistry^l; Porosity^l; Pressure drop^l; Quartz^l; Scanning electron
2,318 2,1
Australia Can
4,239 2,
Iran Jap.
China carries out its research not only in conjunction with the leading economies {United States^2,812 shared publications; United Kingdom^934; Australia^816; Canada^585}, but also with developing countries {Pakistan^156; Iran^120; Saudi Arabia^111; Viet Nam^103 shared publications}.
Remark: since we used "China" as a filter in collecting bibliometric data, the mention of other countries in the results obtained will be associated with the presence of non-Chinese coauthors in the publications.
2.3. Top Funding by Document Count with "China" as a filter
Format of the list: Funding^Document Count.
• National Natural Science Foundation of China^15,299
• Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities^2,097
microscope^l; Total organic carbon^l}. So, Oil shale, Geothermal energy, Environmental science are in focus of China Petroleum sector.
2.2. Top Countries by Document Count on "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" subject for 2018-2020
China publishes 2.57 times more articles than the United States. It is worth noting that Iran publishes more articles on the topic than India or the United Kingdom (Fig. 3.).
Fig. 3. Top institutions by their number of scholarly works
National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) ^1,454 China Postdoctoral Science
Foundation^1,265
National Key R&D Program of China^-773
China Scholarship Council^662 Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China^-565
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province^-465
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province^-462
National Key Research and Development
Program of China^-429
Chinese Academy of Sciences^384
Ministry of Education of the People's
Republic of China^-328
Natural Science Foundation of
Guangdong Province^311
• Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality^-205
• Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions^196
• National Science Foundation^l79
• Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province^-172
• National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research^l53
National Natural Science Foundation of China is the main sponsor of all research projects in China, but along with this, there is a broad diversification of funding for science, including foreign funds, for example, National Science Foundation (USA).
Examples of top cited articles funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China [14-16] and their Field of Study: {Battery (electricity)^2; Energy density^2; Lithium^-2; Lithium-ion battery^-2; Materials science^2; Acoustics^l; All solid state^l; Chemical engineering^! Computational fluid dynamics^l; Electric vehicle^l; Electrical engineering^!; Electrolyte^l; Energy harvesting^l; Fast ion conductor^; Ion^l; Nuclear engineering^l; Physics^l; Piezoelectricity^l; Short circuital; Thermal^l; Thermal runaway^l; Vibrational; Vortex^ l; Vortex-induced vibrational; Wind power^l; Wind tunnel^l}.
This list implies that not only Materials science and Battery, but also Nuclear engineering, Chemical engineering and even such non-ordinary research area as Energy harvesting by Wind power are in focus of China's funding organizations.
If we took in consideration the National Science Foundation (USA), we get the following examples of top cited articles [17-19] and their
Field of Study {Materials science^3; Anode^l; Battery (electricity)^l; Capacitance^ l; Cathode^l; Chemical kinetics^l; Combustion^l; Doping^l; Double bond^l; Electrode^l; Electrolyte^l; Flame speed^l; Graphene^l; Inorganic chemistry^l; Laminar flame speed^l; Lithium^l; Lithium vanadium phosphate battery^l; Molecule^l; Nanoarchitectures for lithium-ion batteries^l; Nanotechnology^l; Optoelectronics^l; Pentoxide^ l; Power density^l; Radical^l; Supercapacitor^l; Thermochemistry^-l; Thermodynamics^-l; Vanadium^l; Voltage^l}. If the first article concerns the in-depth experimental studies on Combustion, Chemical kinetics and Laminar flame speed, the two others relate to Supercapacitor, Nanotechnology, Materials science and Battery.
2.4. Top Fields of Study by Document Count of China's publication activity on "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" subject
Format of the list: Field of Study^Document Count.
• Materials science^l4,489
• Chemical engineering^6,96l
• Computer science^3,492
• Chemistry^3,l80
• Catalysis^2,784
• Environmental science^-2,726
• Mechanics^2,579
• Combustion^l,864
• Coal^l,66l
• Electrochemistry^l,629
• Control theory^l,5l5
• Composite material^l,437
• Hydrogen^l,39l
• Anode^l,338
• Carbon^l,3l8
• Electrolyte^l,25l
• Geology—l,2l6
• Electrode—U92
• Adsorption—l,l79
• Heat transfer—l,l68
China's publication activity is comparable with the overall performance: Materials science—33,807; Computer science—l5,257; Chemical engineering—44,244; Environmental science—-l0,806; Chemistry—7,797.
Examples of top cited articles on Field of Study (Materials science): [20-23] and the list of Fields of Study of this articles: {Materials science—4; Chemical engineering—3; Electrochemistry—3; Specific surface area—3; Anode—2; Adsorption—l; Annealing (metallurgy)-l; Carbon nanofiber—l; Coal—l; Composite number—l; Desorption—l; Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide—l; Electrolyte—l; Electrospinning—l; Graphene—l; Hybrid material—l; Ionic liquid— l; Lithium—l; Metal—l; Metal-organic framework—l; Nanofiber—l; Nanoparticle—l; Nanotechnology— l; Oxide—l; Porosity—l; Rational design—l; Surface roughness—l; Water block—l; Water treatment—l}.
Main highlights of these articles (3 for
each):
• High-performance energy storage devices for applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles stimulate research on new-type batteries beyond lithium-ion batteries.
• Fe7Se8/N-CNF hybrid material has been fabricated, which combines the advantages of interconnected N-rich carbon nanofibers and ultrasmall Fe7Se8 nanoparticles.
• The hybrid materials based on metal selenides open the way for the development of advanced energy storage systems.
• Environmental problem associated with the use of fuel could be solved by chemical conversion, which reduces CO2 emission.
• Pristine MOFs materials used as the electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and selectivity.
• MOF-derived materials improve electron transfer and mass transport.
• Two-dimensional layered vanadium disulfide (VS2) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the high theoretical capacity, but it remains a challenge to synthesize monodispersed ultrathin VS2 nanosheets.
• A novel solvothermal method has been developed to prepare the monodispersed bowl-shaped NH3-inserted VS2 nanosheets.
• An anode material for LIBs, porous monodispersed VS2 (H-VS2), delivers superior rate performance and longer cycle stability.
• The large-scale coal resources and the increasing demand for clean energy enforce the exploitation of unconventional gas reservoirs such as coalbed methane (CBM).
• It is of great significance to understand how to change the pore structure of coal for CBM mining.
• Ionic liquids can reduce the damage of water block effect and widen the pore diameter.
2.5. Top Fields of Study by Average
Scholar Citations
If we consider articles related to the most cited Fields of Study, then we get the following picture of more specific terms in comparison with the top Fields of Study by number of publications (format: Field of Study —Average Scholar Citations): Energy density—19.8; Fast ion conductor—16.4; Lithium-sulfur battery —>15.1; Deep learning—14.9; Nanotechnology —>14.7; Engineering physics—14.6; Dendrite (crystal)—14.5; Electricity market—14.0; Chemical vapor deposition—14.0; Lithium-ion battery—13.7; Battery pack—13.7; Electronics
— 13.7; Polysulfide—13.3; Sodium-ion battery
— 13.3; Capacity loss—13.2.
Examples of top cited articles on the most cited Field of Study (Energy density OR Fast ion conductor) [24-27] and the Fields of Study of this articles: {Fast ion conductor^4; Materials science^4; Chemical engineering^3; Electrode^3; Electrolyte^3; Ionic conductivity^2; Activation energy^l; Anode^l; Band gap^l; Battery (electricity)^l; Carbon nanofiber^l; Cathode^l; Chemical physics^l; Composite number^l; Conductivity^! Crystal structure^l; Density functional theory^l; Doping^l; Electrochemistry^l;
Electrospinning^-l; Ion^-l; Lithium^l; Nanofiber^l; Nanoparticle^l; Oxide^l; Statistical analysis^l; Sulfide^l}.
Main highlights for those articles (3 for
each):
• Conductivities of the sulfides are the most important property for the electrolytes, which is closely related to their crystal structures.
• Lithium-ion conductivity can be improved by various doping methods, such as substitution doping, interstitial doping, dual-doping, etc.
• Cost-effective silicon was employed to replace the costly germanium in tetragonal Li10GeP2S12-type electrolytes.
• The as-assembled SIC full device exhibits an ultrahigh energy density of 182.8 Wh/kg. The SIC device was assembled with CNF@NVPF as the cathode and pCNF as the anode.
• The interconnected carbon fiber network provides strong mechanical robustness.
• Carbon nanofiber NVPF particles are completely encapsulated into carbon matrix of CNF.
• NanGe2PS12 is a promising candidate as a solid Na electrolyte due to its high room temperature ionic conductivity and phase stability.
• NanSn2PS12 has been reported to have a room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.4 mS/cm.
• Substituting Sn with Ge increases the band gap, improves the room temperature conductivity by a factor of 2, and lowers the activation energy of Na hopping.
• PEO-NaClO4 filled in the space between N3PS4 particles, the interfacial resistance of solid electrolyte could be reduced, increasing the ionic conductivity of composite electrolyte.
• With a higher ionic Conductivity and better interfacial compatibility of the NPS-PEO electrolyte, the SnS2/Na battery delivers improved cycling stability.
• The all-solid-state battery SnS2/Na shows enhanced electrochemical performance.
In addition, Fields of Study can be listed, which in total are most often cited by patents (format: Field of Study ^ Sum by Patent Citations): {Materials science^l26; Chemical engineering^74; Computer science^45; Electrolyte^24; Control theory^2l; Anode^2l; Battery (electricity)^2l; Lithium^20}, the common landscape is the same: exploration on Materials science, Chemical engineering and Computer science for efficient electricity Battery.
2.6. Top Institution Name by Field of Study and by Subject compared by Document Count
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show the leading scientific organizations with the highest number of publications in the Fields of Study and Subjects categories, respectively.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences is the leading institution in most Fields of Study, with the exception of Computer Science, which is dominated by Tsinghua University, North China Electric Power University and Electric Power Research Institute.
Chinese Academy of Sciences-Xi'an Jiaotong University -I Tsinghua University -I China University of Ftetroleum-B China University of IVining and Techn... u
0 Chinese Academy of Sciences
o) China University of Ftetroleum
_ Huazhong University of Science and ...
= Tsinghua University
.c China University of IVining and Techn...
o Tsinghua University
□ North China Bectric Pow er University -oj Bectric Rawer Research Institute o. Shanghai Jiao Tong University
o Huazhong University of Science and ...
Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of IVining and Techn... E China University of Petroleum
CD
q Huazhong University of Science and ...
Tsinghua University
Chinese Academy of Sciences -.<2 Huazhong University of Science and ... -| 55,
■jg China University of Ftetroleum -I
O China University of IVining and Techn... -I Jiang su University-I
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400
Document Count
Fig. 4. The main Fields of Study for the most active institutions, based on their number of scholarly works
Chinese Acaderry of Sciences -I China University of Petroleum -I Tsinghua University -I Xi'an Jiaotong University -I China University of IVining and Techn... -I
I Chinese Acaderry of Sciences ■
China University of Petroleum. China University of IVining and Techn...
Xi'an Jiaotong University. Tsinghua University.
China University of Petroleum. Chinese Academy of Sciences. China University of IVining and Techn...
Tsinghua University. Huazhong University of Science and ...
ChineseAcaderry of Sciences. Xi'an Jiaotong University. Tsinghua University. Tianjin University. Harbin Institute of Technology.
Tsinghua University. Chinese Acaderry of Sciences. Bectric Rawer Research Institute. North China Bectric Raw er University. Huazhong University of Science and ...
2,000 2,200
Document Count
Fig. 5. The top Subjects for the most active institutions, based on their number of scholarly works
In this article, we use Subject "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" as a filter, thus other Subjects can be viewed as intersections with it.
It is worth noting that Chinese publications usually have many co-authors. For example, in 23,033 Chinese articles on the topic "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" without US, UK and Australian co-authors, the average number of co-authors was 5.7, with average citation 6.2. 75% of articles have been cited. 26 publications were cited 100 times or more.
In 7,836 US articles on the topic "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" without Chinese co-authors affiliated with China, the average number of co-authors was 3.36 with average citation 5.5 and many of the co-authors have Chinese last names. 73% of articles have been cited. 26 publications were cited 73 times or more.
The average number of references per article for Chinese
publications is 35.7, and for US publications it is 32.5.
In short, the total number matters.
Top additional Subjects by articles of all institutions: Fuel Technology—14,807; Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment —>11,082; General Chemical
Engineering—7,041; Electrical and Electronic Engineering—5,858; Condensed Matter Physics—3,838; Nuclear Energy and Engineering—3,787; Organic
Chemistry—2,966; Industrial and
Manufacturing Engineering—2,959;
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry—1,971; General Chemistry—1,315.
2.7. Top Institutions with most published articles supported by Chinese Funding Organizations
National Natural Science Foundation of China is the main fund for China R&D, top institutions which get support from it are: Chinese Academy of Sciences (published 1,377 articles with NNSFC support), Xi'an Jiaotong University^823, Tsinghua University^786, China University of Petroleum^-759, Huazhong University of Science and Technology^693 published articles.
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities funding was given to: China University of Mining and Technology^-196; China University of Petroleum^-189; North China Electric Power University^179; Chongqing University^125; Xi'an Jiaotong University^120 published articles.
National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) funding was given to: Chinese Academy of Sciences^175; Tsinghua University^106; Xi'an Jiaotong
University^98; Huazhong University of Science and Technology^75; China University of Petroleum^59 published articles.
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation: Xi'an Jiaotong University^150; China University of Mining and Technology^-79; Huazhong University of Science and Technology^74; Harbin Institute of Technology^73; Chinese Academy of Sciences^68 articles were published; National Key R&D Program of China: Chinese Academy of Sciences^109; Xi'an Jiaotong University^52; Huazhong University of Science and Technology^50; University of Science and Technology of China^41; Tsinghua University^36 published articles.
The diversity of donors ensures the sustainable development of Chinese science.
2.8. Top 5 journals with the most articles published by China's institutions
Fig. 6 shows in which leading
scientific journals which China's
organizations with the largest number of
publications on the subject "Energy
Engineering and Power Technology" place their articles.
These are classic top-rated energy journals, and the topics of publications are of great current interest as follows from the above text.
China University of Mning and Techn... - | China University of Ftetroieum-Chinese Acaderry of Sciences -Huazhong University of Science and ... -I Tsinghua University J
_ Xi'an Jiaotong University-
E Chinese Acaderry of Sciences -
<D |
Tsinghua University-^
0 Shanghai Jiao Tong University -
£ Tianjin University-<
: Chinese Acaderry of Sciences -o
12 Xi'an Jiaotong University-
o Zhejiang University-
c Harbin Institute of Technology -\
^ i
c Tsinghua University-^
(A China University of Ftetroleum-
Q>
^ Chinese Acaderry of Sciences -^ Huazhong University of Science and ..
O)
£ China University of Mning and Techn.. c
111 Zhejiang University-
J Chinese Acaderry of Sciences -(d
5 Harbin Institute of Technology Q.
•g University of Science and Techn dog...
Central South University
o Huazhong University of Science and ...
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
Document Count
Fig. 6. The most active institutions by their number of scholarly works in the 5 top journals
2.9. Constructing the Cluster Map of Fields of Study using VOSviewer
VOSviewer constructs bibliometric maps based on a similarity matrix, which is calculated on the basis of co-occurrence matrix. It uses a similarity measure known as the association strength between two items calculated as the ratio between observed number of cooccurrences of items and the expected number of co-occurrences of items, under the assumption that occurrences of items are statistically independent [7]. The map can be divided into communities by cluster algorithm as a network in which nodes are densely connected internally
within clusters, but loosely connected externally between different clusters. Each node in the map (network) is assigned to exactly one cluster. The number of clusters can be controlled by setting the minimum number of nodes in a cluster.
In this article, 16,233 Fields of Study as co-occurrence terms were used, 2,722 of them meet more than 10 times. The threshold of 10 items in cluster was used to construct the cluster map. As a result of the analysis, we obtained 5 clusters (Fig. 7), which are described in detail below. Format of data: Field of Study in lowercase (Links; Occurrence).
Fig. 7. 5 clusters of Fields of Study by their co-occurrence in metadata of publications
An enlarged graphical representation of the 5 clusters of the Fields of Study cooccurrence with details for each cluster is given in the Appendix (Fig. A.1, A.4-A.8). Fig. A.2 shows the change over time of the emergence of the Fields of Study. On Fig. A.3, a fragment of terms emerging over time for the cluster "Material science and chemical technology" is represented.
Cluster 1 (Red) - we could name it "Thermal efficiency and environmental science": environmental science (724;2678); mechanics (619;2549); combustion (653;1814); heat transfer (588;1157); flow (psychology) (611;973); thermal (660;940); analytical chemistry (613;846); nuclear engineering (474;778); thermodynamics (573;693); process engineering (455;676); ignition system (375;521); heat exchanger (388;436); NOx (335;419); diesel fuel (388;418);
computer simulation (483;395); thermal efficiency (352;370); volumetric flow rate (490;361); supercritical fluid (448;334); combustor (333;326); thermal conductivity (396;317).
Cluster 2 (Green) - we could name it "Materials science for energy storage and hydrogen production by electrochemistry": materials science (962;14193); chemical engineering (778;6805); electrochemistry (470;1571); hydrogen (740;1373); anode (491;1303); carbon (645;1285); electrolyte (466;1202); electrode (459;1150); cathode (472;1070); battery (electricity) (527;1062); lithium (420;989); energy storage (541;809); oxide (514;785); hydrogen production (502;711); nanoparticle (452;654); graphene (412;650); composite number (525;634); supercapacitor (350;628); electrocatalyst (277;574); optoelectronics (355;506).
Cluster 3 (Blue) - we could name it "Catalysis and pyrolysis for better fossil fuels": chemistry (683;3122); catalysis (613;2726); coal (643;1630); pyrolysis (555;997); inorganic chemistry (448;739); oxygen (541;610); biomass (422;558); waste management (404;531); nuclear chemistry (366;488); char (338;431); methanol (421;406); metallurgy (396;403); pulp and paper industry (316;399); syngas (407;394); flue gas (408;387); sulfur (386;340); particle size (455;326); desorption (398;312); thermogravimetric analysis (351;310); activation energy (376;309).
Cluster 4 (Yellow) - we could name it "Computer science and control theory for renewable energy by optimization and automotive engineering": computer science (450;3397); control theory (360;1481); voltage (466;896); electric power system (315;851); automotive engineering (355;590); renewable energy (424;549); mathematical optimization (185;520); physics (320;485); wind power (256;455); photovoltaic system (357;378); electricity generation (426;349); grid (229;333); AC power (183;307); mathematics (314;281); electrical engineering (184;277); algorithm (232;272); electricity (260;272); China (136;270); capacitor (240;263); engineering (313;263).
Cluster 5 (Violaceous) - we could name it "Petroleum engineering for new fossil fuel resources and composite materials": composite material (697;1417); geology (336;1201); adsorption (642; 1151); porosity (628;781); methane (592;761); petroleum engineering (353;583); oil shale (348;533); geochemistry (134;404); particle (490;395); coal mining (313;380); natural gas (447;379); permeability (electromagnetism) (279;298); mineralogy (278;296); hydrocarbon (391;289); viscosity (421;284); structural basin (128;278); coalbed methane (221;258); saturation (chemistry)
(363;215); dissolution (345;210); fossil fuel (333;197).
Conclusions
It has been shown that the Lens platform, which provides open access to big bibliometric data of scientific publications and classifies them by Subject and Field of Study, can be used to analyze the scientific research landscape on a adjusted topic, which is important for R&D economic decision making.
"Energy Engineering and Power Technology" subject is a key topic in the area of Energy and includes 560,318 research papers in the Lens database. From 2018 to 2020, 90,173 papers were published: 26,366 by China, 10,393 by the United States and 4,319 by India.
Chinese publications on "Energy and Energy Production Technology" are more than doubled in their number compared to the global average over the past 10 years.
Most of these papers were funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The Chinese Academy of Sciences; China Petroleum University; Tsinghua University; Xi'an Jiaotong University and China University of Mining and Technology are leading institutions in this subject.
Chinese articles on the topic "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" have the average number of co-authors 5.7 with average citation 6.2. 75% articles have been cited.
China conducts its research not only with the leading economies: United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, but also with the developing countries: Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Viet Nam.
Materials science, chemical engineering, computer science, chemistry, catalysis and environmental science are the leading areas of research.
The topics of research include works related to high-performance energy storage for various applications - from portable electronics to electric cars, new types of batteries, development of hybrid materials for advanced energy storage technologies, synthesis of monodisperse ultrafine nanosheets for anodes, increasing lithium-ion conductivity through doping, exploitation of unconventional gas fields such as coalbed methane.
Analysis of overlapping Fields of Study identified 5 thematic clusters: 1. Thermal efficiency and environmental science; 2. Materials science for energy storage and hydrogen production; 3. Catalysis and pyrolysis for fossil fuel improvement; 4. Computer science and control theory for renewable energy sources; 5. Oil and gas engineering for new fossil fuel resources and composite materials.
China is making great efforts to achieve its dominance in R&D.
Статья написана в рамках выполнения государственного задания (тема «Фундаментальный базис инновационных технологий нефтяной и газовой промышленности (фундаментальные, поисковые и прикладные исследования)», № АААА-А19-119013190038-2).
References
1. Leydesdorff L., Rafols I. A global map of science based on the ISI subject categories // Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2009. Vol. 60, No. 2. P. 348-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20967
2. Zhou P., Leydesdorff L. The emergence of China as a leading nation in science // Research Policy. 2006. Vol. 35, No. 1. P. 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.08.006
3. Yue T., Yang L., Ahlgren P. et al. A comparison of citation disciplinary structure in science between the G7 countries and the BRICS countries // Journal of Data and Information Science. 2018. Vol. 3, No. 3. P. 14-30. https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2018-0012
4. Carley S. Porter A.L., Rafols I., Leydesdorff L. Visualization of disciplinary profiles: Enhanced science overlay maps // Journal of Data and Information Science. 2017. Vol. 2, No. 3. P. 68-111. https://doi.org/10.1515/jdis-2017-0015
5. Hu H., Wang D., Deng S. Global Collaboration in Artificial Intelligence: Bibliometrics and Network Analysis from 1985 to 2019 // Journal of Data and Information Science. 2020. Vol. 5, No. 4. P. 86-115. https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2020-0027
6. Zou L., Wang L., Wu Y. et al. Trends analysis of graphene research and development // Journal of Data and Information Science. 2020. Vol. 3, No. 1. P. 82-100. https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2018-0005
7. van Eck N.J., Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping // Scientometrics. 2010. Vol. 84, No. 2. P. 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
8. Lin Y., Qiu Z., Li D. et al. NiS2@CoS2 nanocrystals encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanocubes for high performance lithium/sodium ion batteries // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 11. P. 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2017.06.001
9. Wang H., WangM., Tang Y. A novel zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor for long-life and low-cost energy storage applications // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 13. P. 1-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ensm.2017.12.022
10. Zheng X., Zhu Z., Lin X. et al. A mini-review on metal recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries // Engineering. 2018. Vol. 4, No. 3. P. 361-370. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.eng.2018.05.018
11. Zhu H., Ju Y., Qi Y. et al. Impact of tectonism on pore type and pore structure evolution in organic-rich shale: Implications for gas storage and migration pathways in naturally deformed rocks // Fuel. 2018. Vol. 228. P. 272-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.137
12. Sun F., Yao Y., Li G., Li X. Performance of geothermal energy extraction in a horizontal well by using CO2 as the working fluid // Energy Conversion and Management. 2018. Vol. 171. P. 1529-1539. https: //doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.092
13. Sun F., Yao Y., Li G., Li X. Geothermal energy development by circulating CO2 in a U-shaped closed loop geothermal system // Energy Conversion and Management. 2018. Vol. 174. P. 971-982. https: //doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.094
14. Feng X., Ouyang M., Liu X. et al. Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles: A review // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 10. P. 246-267. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j .ensm.2017.05.013
15. Zheng F., Kotobuki M., Song S. et al. Review on solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithiumion batteries // Journal of Power Sources. 2018. Vol. 389. P. 198-213. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j .j powsour.2018.04.022
16. Wang J., Zhou S., Zhang Z., Yurchenko D. High-performance piezoelectric wind energy harvester with Y-shaped attachments // Energy Conversion and Management. 2019. Vol. 181. P. 645-652. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.enconman.2018.12.034
17. Zhou C.W., Li Y., Burke U. et al. An experimental and chemical kinetic modeling study of 1,3-butadiene combustion: Ignition delay time and laminar flame speed measurements // Combustion and Flame. 2018. Vol. 197. P. 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.08.006
18. Dai S., Liu Z., Zhao B. et al. A high-performance supercapacitor electrode based on N-doped porous graphene // Journal of Power Sources. 2018. Vol. 387. P. 43-48. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.055
19. Yao J., Li Y., Massé R.C. et al. Revitalized interest in vanadium pentoxide as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries and beyond // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 11. P. 205-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2017.10.014
20. Zhang D.M., Jia J.H., Yang C.C., Jiang, Q. et al. Fe?Ses nanoparticles anchored on N-doped carbon nanofibers as high-rate anode for sodium-ion batteries // Energy Storage Materials.2020. Vol. 24. P. 439-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.017
21. Shao P., Yi L., Chen S. et al. Metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide: The role of metal centers // Journal of Energy Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 40. P. 156-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j .jechem .2019.04.013
22. Wu D., Wang C., Wu M. et al. Porous bowl-shaped VS2 nanosheets/graphene composite for high-rate lithium-ion storage // Journal of Energy Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 43. P. 24-32. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jechem.2019.08.003
23. Zhao L., Guanhua N., Lulu S. et al. Effect of ionic liquid treatment on pore structure and fractal characteristics of low rank coal // Fuel. 2020. Vol. 262. P. 116513. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j fuel.2019.116513
24. Chen S., Xie D., Liu G. et al. Sulfide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries: Structure, conductivity, stability and application // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 14. P. 58-74. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j .ensm.2018.02.020
25. Qiu, R., Fei, R., Guo, J.-Z. et. al. Encapsulation of Na3(VO)2(PO4)2F into carbon nanofiber as a superior cathode material for flexible sodium-ion capacitors with high-energy-density and low-self-discharge // Journal of Power Sources. 2020. Vol. 466. P. 228249. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228249
26. Liu J., Lu Z., Effat M.B., Ciucci F. Theoretical study on the stability and ionic conductivity of the NanM2PS12 (M = Sn, Ge) superionic conductors // Journal of Power Sources. 2019. Vol. 409. P. 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjpowsour.2018.10.077
27. Xu X., Li Y., Cheng J. et al. Composite solid electrolyte of N3PS4-PEO for all-solid-state SnS2/Na batteries with excellent interfacial compatibility between electrolyte and Na metal // Journal of Energy Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 41. P. 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjechem.2019.05.003
APPENDIX
Fig. A.1. Clustering the Fields of Study of China's scientific publications in 2018-2020 on the Subject "Energy Engineering and Power Technology" at the Lens platform
ipseudocapacitance J
[ polysulfide J_
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[ capacitive sensing J
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[ bifunctional^j
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J cobalt Jf amorphous solid ] ( composite number ]-,
I ] -1---J ____" . 1 -
I thin film ) <—;-—-■>
WTTTf' FV ^ durability J
battery (electricity) [ short circuit ]
I
energy storage
[bimetallic strip J [ bifunctional cataly^ r>ick.eI
' alloy ) fHflMfflliSf "grain boundary"] fsulld oxide fuel eel,J , i,ccarbide )
[ capacitoi ["inductor") _( diode ^electrical engineering ]
( hlghvoltae*J C^taze} fi^du ai : 1n;,-,-,
___fa y , i/oltage droop
1 topology fha''c< V
I
metaPlovalent bond ) sulfide j
( electromagnetic^ CQntro| theQry
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1
membrane
methanol fuel] ^ proton exchange membrane fuel ]_ J [ degradation (geology) J fi
[ photovoltaic system j
imagination
[ hysteresis ] ( energy transformation ) i phySICS J j algorithm j [ robust optimization j
computer science
[ catalyst support ^
chemical engineering r^7'05'0^]
[ catalysis
[ physical chemistry J
formic acw
^[ethei~]
_[ selectivity J
[ lewis acids and bases j
activated carbon
potassium
aqueous solution j
molecule]
materials science
[aluminium ]
¡¡^n [ finite element method 7 j -
^fc^thermal energy storage ] - I wind speed J
mathematical optimization
( oxygen )
[ hydrogen ( nanofluld )
porosity
nuclear chemisti
I methanols1-
-1 adsorption; fl ]
—--heat pipe ] [ renewable energy
1 _errTl_d' J * ["structural engineering j ( flea, icily market ]
—r [ fin 1 ( automotive engineering I
[ mass transfer J energy source ] ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
[ sorbent ) f---moisture""] [ evaporation ) ^r I processengii
[ depolymerization ] __syngas ]—1 ' a / _\ computational flu
[chemistry [clT^rH'lu,d'zedbedj fv.scos.iy] j^P^I ^
n^n M
~ [ pellets jj.
analytical chemistry
[ packcd tied ]
h«.ltnnrf.r ípowtrsmion) t turb.ne ]
process engineering mics
cogeneration ]
zeta potential
turbinei
' waste
heat ]
environmental science
drilling fluid
[ hemiceliuiose ) ftar ] [ biomass ) coal jwaste management
O
3aftle exergy ]
wellbore J _^liqueñednaturafgas[ brayton cycle )
( fermentation f pü|p ana paQer ,ndusIry j mole frac;
compressibility J
V.V. IIIUIIUk.V.1 I l<_l II I _________
, : i [ turbulence ) [ petroleum engineering] ^-J
c
food science
J
[ biofuel
ift fuel
combustion
hydrocarbon ]
(^1 shale -^
l^J^Zj : [ geology j^561 enS'ne J
shale gas
Dc
[ piston ]
-\ I I I I
borehole r-^^^^^
_—" thermal efficiency I
flame speed^j
iZt^irbochargei "]
[ organic matter ] -s ( sparkplug 1
--- petrology I v-J
i kei : ) compaction r M '- -,
-I exhaust gas recirculation ]
[ geochemistry | [ ignmon timing]
[ sedimentary depoiiticnal envit ]
' ,VOSviewer
2018.9
2019.0
I
2019.1
-1—
2019.2
Fig. A.2. The overlay visualization of terms, defined as the Fields of Study. The color of a term indicates the average year in which publications that include the term appeared. Energy storage, battery, nanocomposite, hydrogen evolution,
thermal efficiency, energy transformation are the hottest topics of publications
Fig. A.3. Fragment of semantic map for "Materials science and chemical engineering" cluster as overlay visualization of the Fields of Study
Fig. A.4. Cluster 1 (Red): Thermal efficiency and environmental science
Fig. A.5. Cluster 2 (Green): Materials science for energy storage and hydrogen production by electrochemistry
Fig. A.6. Cluster 3 (Blue): Catalysis and pyrolysis for better fossil fuels
Fig. A.7. Cluster 4 (Yellow): Computer science and control theory for renewable energy by optimization and automotive engineering
sedimentary depositional envir
Fig. A.8. Cluster 5 (Violaceous): Petroleum engineering for new fossil fuel resources and composite materials
DOI 10.29222/ipng.2078-5712.2021-32.art7 УДK [303.6+303.7]:001.8
Общее число имеет значение. Ландшафт китайских научных публикаций в 2018-2020 гг. по энергетической тематике
Б.Н. Чигарев
Институт проблем нефти и газа РАН, г. Москва E-mail: bchigarev@ipng.ru
Аннотация. Целью данного исследования является анализ ландшафта научных публикаций Китая в 2018-2020 гг. на тему «Энергетическая инженерия и энергетические технологии» с использованием библиометрических данных платформы the Lens.
Использованы библиометрические данные 26623 научных работ, удовлетворяющих запросу: «фильтры: годы публикаций = (2018-); тип публикации = (статья в журнале); тема = (Энергетическая инженерия и энергетические технологии); страна = (Китай)», для анализа основных тем (поля базы данных: «Field of Study» и «Subject») и выявления ведущих участников данных научных исследований (поля Institution; Institution Country/Region; Funding; Journal).
Показано, что Китайская академия наук, Китайский нефтяной университет, Университет Цинхуа, Сианьский университет Цзяотун, Китайский университет горного дела и технологий -ведущие учреждения в рассматриваемой области исследований. Большинство работ финансировалось Национальным фондом естественных наук Китая.
Китай проводит свои исследования не только совместно с ведущими экономиками: США, Великобританией, Австралией, Канадой, но и с развивающимися странами: Пакистаном, Ираном, Саудовской Аравией и Вьетнамом. Главные предметы научных работ: материаловедение, химическая инженерия, компьютерные науки, химия, катализ, экология.
Анализ совместной встречаемости значений поля «Field of Study» позволил выделить 5 тематических кластеров: 1. Тепловая эффективность и экология; 2. Материаловедение для систем накопления энергии и производства водорода; 3. Катализ и пиролиз для улучшения свойств углеводородного топлива; 4. Компьютерные науки и теория управления для оптимизации работы возобновляемых источников энергии; 5. Нефтяная инженерия для освоения новых ресурсов углеводородов и получения композиционных материалов.
Результаты работы могут служить справочным материалом для ученых, разработчиков и инвесторов для оценки направлений научных исследований в области «Энергетической инженерии и энергетических технологий».
Ключевые слова: Китай, энергетическая инженерия и энергетические технологии, ландшафт публикаций, библиометрия, реферативная база the Lens, область исследований.
Для цитирования: Чигарев Б.Н. Общее число имеет значение. Ландшафт китайских научных публикаций в 2018-2020 гг. по энергетической тематике // Актуальные проблемы нефти и газа. 2021. Вып. 1(32). С. 76-101. https://doi.org/10.29222/ipng.2078-5712.2021-32.art7
Литература
1. Leydesdorff L., Rafols I. A global map of science based on the ISI subject categories // Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2009. Vol. 60, No. 2. P. 348-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20967
2. Zhou P., Leydesdorff L. The emergence of China as a leading nation in science // Research Policy. 2006. Vol. 35, No. 1. P. 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.08.006
© 2021. Б.Н. Чигарев
99
3. Yue T., Yang L., Ahlgren P. et al. A comparison of citation disciplinary structure in science between the G7 countries and the BRICS countries // Journal of Data and Information Science. 2018. Vol. 3, No. 3. P. 14-30. https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2018-0012
4. Carley S. Porter A. L., Rafols I., Leydesdorff L. Visualization of disciplinary profiles: Enhanced science overlay maps // Journal of Data and Information Science. 2017. Vol. 2, No. 3. P. 68-111. https://doi.org/10.1515/jdis-2017-0015
5. Hu H., Wang D., Deng S. Global Collaboration in Artificial Intelligence: Bibliometrics and network analysis from 1985 to 2019 // Journal of Data and Information Science. 2020. Vol. 5, No. 4. P. 86-115. https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2020-0027
6. Zou L., Wang L., Wu Y. et al. Trends analysis of graphene research and development // Journal of Data and Information Science. 2020. Vol. 3, No. 1. P. 82-100. https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2018-0005
7. van Eck N.J., Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping // Scientometrics. 2010. Vol. 84, No. 2. P. 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
8. Lin Y., Qiu Z., Li D. et al. NiS2@CoS2 nanocrystals encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanocubes for high performance lithium/sodium ion batteries // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 11. P. 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2017.06.001
9. Wang H., WangM., Tang Y. A novel zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor for long-life and low-cost energy storage applications // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 13. P. 1-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ensm.2017.12.022
10. Zheng X., Zhu Z., Lin X. et al. A mini-review on metal recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries // Engineering. 2018. Vol. 4, No. 3. P. 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.eng.2018.05.018
11. Zhu H., Ju Y., Qi Y. et al. Impact of tectonism on pore type and pore structure evolution in organic-rich shale: Implications for gas storage and migration pathways in naturally deformed rocks // Fuel. 2018. Vol. 228. P. 272-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.137
12. Sun F., Yao Y., Li G., Li X. Performance of geothermal energy extraction in a horizontal well by using CO2 as the working fluid // Energy Conversion and Management. 2018. Vol. 171. P. 1529-1539. https: //doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.092
13. Sun F., Yao Y., Li G., Li X. Geothermal energy development by circulating CO2 in a U-shaped closed loop geothermal system // Energy Conversion and Management. 2018. Vol. 174. P. 971-982. https: //doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.094
14. Feng X., Ouyang M., Liu X. et al. Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles: A review // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 10. P. 246-267. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ensm.2017.05.013
15. Zheng F., Kotobuki M., Song S. et al. Review on solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithiumion batteries // Journal of Power Sources. 2018. Vol. 389. P. 198-213. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.j powsour.2018.04.022
16. Wang J., Zhou S., Zhang Z., Yurchenko D. High-performance piezoelectric wind energy harvester with Y-shaped attachments // Energy Conversion and Management. 2019. Vol. 181. P. 645-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.034
17. Zhou C.W., Li Y., Burke U. et al. An experimental and chemical kinetic modeling study of 1,3-butadiene combustion: Ignition delay time and laminar flame speed measurements // Combustion and Flame. 2018. Vol. 197. P. 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.08.006
18. Dai S., Liu Z., Zhao B. et al. A high-performance supercapacitor electrode based on N-doped porous graphene // Journal of Power Sources. 2018. Vol. 387. P. 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jpowsour.2018.03.055
19. Yao J., Li Y., Massé R.C. et al. Revitalized interest in vanadium pentoxide as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries and beyond // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 11. P. 205-259. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.ensm.2017.10.014
20. Zhang D.M., Jia J.H., Yang C.C., Jiang, Q. et al. Fe?Ses nanoparticles anchored on N-doped carbon nanofibers as high-rate anode for sodium-ion batteries // Energy Storage Materials.2020. Vol. 24. P. 439-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.017
21. Shao P., Yi L., Chen S. et al. Metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide: The role of metal centers // Journal of Energy Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 40. P. 156-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j .jechem .2019.04.013
22. Wu D., Wang C., Wu M. et al. Porous bowl-shaped VS2 nanosheets/graphene composite for high-rate lithium-ion storage // Journal of Energy Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 43. P. 24-32. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jechem.2019.08.003
23. Zhao L., Guanhua N., Lulu S. et al. Effect of ionic liquid treatment on pore structure and fractal characteristics of low rank coal // Fuel. 2020. Vol. 262. P. 116513. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j .fuel .2019.116513
24. Chen S., Xie D., Liu G. et al. Sulfide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries: Structure, conductivity, stability and application // Energy Storage Materials. 2018. Vol. 14. P. 58-74. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j .ensm.2018.02.020
25. Qiu, R., Fei, R., Guo, J.-Z. et. al. Encapsulation of Na3(VO)2(PO4)2F into carbon nanofiber as a superior cathode material for flexible sodium-ion capacitors with high-energy-density and low-self-discharge // Journal of Power Sources. 2020. Vol. 466. P. 228249. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228249
26. Liu J., Lu Z., EffatM.B., Ciucci F. Theoretical study on the stability and ionic conductivity of the NanM2PS12 (M = Sn, Ge) superionic conductors // Journal of Power Sources. 2019. Vol. 409. P. 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjpowsour.2018.10.077
27. Xu X., Li Y., Cheng J. et al. Composite solid electrolyte of Na3PS4-PEO for all-solid-state SnS2/Na batteries with excellent interfacial compatibility between electrolyte and Na metal // Journal of Energy Chemistry. 2020. Vol. 41. P. 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjechem.2019.05.003
