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МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ НАУКА» №1/2016 ISSN 2410-6070
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
UDС 331.2:346(470+571)
I.V. Kozel
Candidate of economic sciences, assistant professor Stavropol State Agrarian University Stavropol, Russian Federation N.V. Vorobyeva
Candidate of economic sciences, assistant professor Stavropol State Agrarian University Stavropol, Russian Federation J.A. Morochko Student
Stavropol State Agrarian University Stavropol, Russian Federation
TOOLS OF STATE REGULATION ON THE SECTOR OF REMUNERATION OF LABOR IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Annotation
In this article we considering methods of regulation the salary in Russian Federation, studying efficiency of state measures and disadvantages of government influence on sector of labor payment.
Keywords
Labor payment, minimum size of labor payment, methods of regulation, salary.
Labor payment has always served as the main element of the economic system, which manifesting on different levels in the economy of the state. Therefore, effective motivation is defined by labor payment on levels, which include individual participants of market relations. In this case government regulation in sector of labor payment, which associated with minimum size of labor payment, has important value. At the organization level and its constituent units government creates material basis of remuneration - fund of labor payment of the enterprise and at the levels of sectoral and regional interactions there is a differentiation and the adjustment of these funds. The role of government on this levels is determined by ensuring a healthy competitive environment and tax policy. At macro level of state must be carried out the process of balancing income and expenditures, inflation and unemployment, investment and savings, in which the labor payment has the main role.
Labor payment is remuneration, which depends on qualification of work, complexity, number, quality and conditions of work and also depends on payments of stimulating and compensatory character. These payments must ensure proper quality of employees. Labor payment may be in money form, natural form and mixed form. In Russian Federation labor payment can made only in cash in rubles. Government uses measures of direct and indirect regulation of incomes and wages.
Direct regulation:
1. Determining the assurance level of minimum size of labor payment.
2. Determination of the order of indexation of wages with the growth of consumer prices.
3. Establishing the procedure of remuneration of labor in the Federal state establishments, employees of public institutions of the Russian Federation subjects and municipal entities.
4. The determination of the minimum and increased sizes of surcharges and premiums.
Indirect regulation:
1. Control over the issuance of currency, exchange rate, inflation.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ НАУКА» №1/2016 ISSN 2410-6070
2. Setting rates of taxation of natural persons, the rates of contributions to state extra-budgetary funds, the data rates of contributions for compulsory social insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases.
3. The development of tariff and qualifying directories of workers and employees.
It is important to note, that in the Labor Code fixed the main state guarantees about compensation of employees that include the following items:
1. minimum size of labor payment;
2. measures providing increase of level of the real wage;
3. limiting list of grounds and amounts of deductions from wages by the employer's disposal and also the size of taxation of income from salary;
4. limiting the remuneration in natural form;
5. timing of salary payment;
6. ensure that the employee wages in the event of termination of the employer's activity and its insolvency in accordance with Federal laws;
7. government's control on the implementation state warranty about labor payment, full and timely payment of wages;
8. the responsibility of employers for violation of the requirements established by the regulatory legal acts containing norms of labour law, collective agreements.
Minimum size of labor payment - it is the statutory minimum of labor payment, which employer must pay for his worker for an hour, a day, a month, and for which employee may legally sell his work. Minimum size of labor payment has warranty nature, it is social standard, installed simultaneously throughout all the country by Federal law. Salary could not be below the subsistence minimum. The subsistence minimum is valuation of the consumer basket, compulsory payments and fees (social and physiological minimum of goods and services). The employee may obtain minimum size of labor payment if he worked on standard time and completed the prescribed labor standards, or if he violated the norms and standards by not his fault. Today minimum size of labor payment is 5965 rubles.
Thanks to the establishment of a rigid price control, government may create such economic mode which causes them to reconsider the production program, as well as start looking for sources of capital funding. Producers are forced to adapt to the consumers - to change the structure of the current demand, the ratio between its volume and the amount of their savings.
Perhaps the presence and agreements with respect to some types of goods and services, what size extreme increase of prices the government sets. As usually, government reinforces their decisions in orders, which become laws. Therefore, methods of regulation labor payment are inseparable from government's financial policy. We can also mention economic, legislative, conciliation, administrative methods. Any regulator, particularly economic, involves an element of administration, because the state service is carried out on it. It is important to notice that all the government's decisions come out on the economy so that may indirectly affect the behavior of economic agents.
Unfortunately, Russian Federation is on the first place in the world for the extent of differentiation in remuneration of labor and as a consequence of all of this there has been a significant drop in the stimulating role of wages in the economic development of the country as a whole. It is also has a negative impact on production volumes at the enterprises and realization of intellectual and physical abilities of the person. So the formation of wage should proceed from the following principles: regular increases of real wages of workers and employees, especially in times of crisis and inflation; active fight against unemployment; financial interest in high end results of work; the combination of individual interests with the collective-based development of rental and collective forms of labor organization; the distribution of the number and quality of their work; a higher rate of productivity growth compared with the increase of its payment; the combination of centralized wage regulation with the autonomy of enterprises.
It is very important to say, that government regulates labor payment by two main ways: 1) by establishment government guarantees, which will provide interaction all the workers and employees for agreement elaboration of basics of labor payment; 2) implementation of state guarantees, which are funded from the budgets of different levels
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ НАУКА» №1/2016 ISSN 2410-6070
of government. Only at observance of all rules government may obtain a positive effect on the sector of remuneration of labor.
References:
1. Aliyev I. M. Policy of incomes and wages: the textbook / I. M. Aliyev, N. And. Gorelov. - Rostov n/D: Phoenix, 2010. - 382 p.
2. Genkin B. M. the Basics of labor organization: a training manual / B. M. Genkin, V. M. Svistunov. - M.: Norma, 2012. - 400 p.
3. Comment to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation / under the General editorship of Yu. L. Fadeev. - M.: Expo, 2013. - 640 p
4. Pashuto V. P. Organization, regulation and wages in the enterprise: training manual / V. P. Pashuto - Ed. 3rd, revised and enlarged. - M.: KNORUS, 2012. - 320 p.
5. Maslanova B. G. Management remuneration: proc. Manual / Maslanova B. G. - M.: Finance and statistics, 2010. - 368 p.
© Kozel I.V., Vorobyeva N.V., Morochko J.A., 2016
УДК 338
Р.Г. Абакумов
К.э.н., доцент Е.Ю. Подоскина
студентка гр. УН-41 БГТУ им. В. Г. Шухова, г. Белгород, РФ
МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются методы оценки экономической эффективности проектов, выделяются особенности оценки эффективности инновационных проектов. Проводится адаптация существующих методов оценки эффективности к особенностям оценки инновационных проектов. Выделены качественные и количественные подходы, сформулированы критерии эффективности инновационных проектов.
Ключевые слова Эффективность, инновации, методы.
В сложившихся условиях глобализации, ускоренного научно-технического развития и международного перемещения капитала конкурентоспособность предприятий и стран определяется в большей степени способностью экономики разрабатывать новые технологии и реализовывать инновационные проекты.
Обеспечение процесса успешной коммерциализации инноваций включает в себя три составляющие: финансовую, организационную и правовую. Механизмы финансирования инноваций реализуются за счёт поиска и привлечения источников финансирования, построения эффективной системы распределения ресурсов между проектами и выбора корректного метода оценки эффективности инновационных проектов. Решение организационной проблемы включает централизованное создание инновационной инфраструктуры. Важнейшими целями создания правового обеспечения коммерциализации инноваций являются охрана собственности на научные результаты, участие учёных в освоении инноваций, механизмы содействия патентованию [2, с.140].
Для определения эффективности инновационных проектов можно руководствоваться такими показателями, как прибыль, целесообразность использования собственного капитала (этот показатель имеет
