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4THEORETICAL BASIS FOR ENSURING A COTTON LAYER ON A CONVEYOR
BELT G'.R.Rakhmatov
Fergana State University, doctor of philosophy in technical sciences g.r.raxmatov@pf. fdu.uz https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10933105
Аннотация. В частности, для производства высококачественного волокна особое внимание уделяется обеспечению оптимального тепловлажностного режима хлопкового сырья в процессах очистки и джинирования, сушке при высоких температурах и сокращению использования традиционных источников углеводородов. В этом направлении применяются различные способы подготовки и хранения хлопка, контрольно-измерительные методы и инструменты, оборудование, их формирование, средства разрыва хлопковых пучков и транспортировки хлопка, сушки хлопка, а также снижения расхода топлива в процессе сушки хлопкового сырья на единицу выпускаемой продукции считаются неотложными задачами. Внедрение текстильного кластера в целях реализации экономических реформ по экспорту готовой текстильной продукции на мировой рынок путем глубокой переработки хлопкового сырья поставило перед хлопкоочистительными предприятиями беспрецедентные задачи.
Ключевые слова: хлопок, лента, сушка, инфракрасное излучение, слой, эффективность, высота, конвейер, движение.
Abstract. In particular, to produce high-quality fiber, special attention is paid to ensuring optimal heat and moisture conditions for cotton raw materials during the cleaning and ginning processes, drying at high temperatures and reducing the use of traditional sources of hydrocarbons. In this direction, various methods of preparing and storing cotton, control and measuring methods and instruments, equipment, their formation, means of breaking cotton bunches and transporting cotton, drying cotton, and also reducing fuel consumption in the process of drying cotton raw materials per unit are used manufactured products are considered urgent tasks. The introduction of a textile cluster in order to implement economic reforms for the export of finished textile products to the world market through deep processing of cotton raw materials has posed unprecedented challenges for cotton ginning enterprises.
Keywords: cotton, tape, drying, infrared radiation, layer, efficiency, height, conveyor, movement.
Introduction
The efficiency of drying cotton with IR rays during its movement on the conveyor belt depends on the exposure time t of the rays and the height of the cotton layer on the belt h. The longer the exposure time t is, the higher the drying efficiency, and the lower the drying efficiency. The height h of the cotton layer on the tape has a negative effect on the drying efficiency, that is, if the height is high, the efficiency is low, and vice versa, it is high. Therefore, it is important to control the exposure time t and the height h of the cotton layer on the tape in the new drying method.
In the proposed equipment, the time of cotton in the dryer can be controlled by the speed of the belt. That is, if the speed is greater, the cotton stays in the dryer for less time, and if it is the opposite, it will be longer. This can be done by controlling the conveyor belt drive through an inverter. However, it is required to provide the required height of the cotton layer mechanically.
Research conducted in cotton gins shows that it is difficult to maintain a precise standard in the transfer of cotton to process machines, because cotton is not transferred to production manually or mechanically at the same rate. Also, when cotton is stored in bales, its density increases to 350 g/m3 , and when the bale is broken and transferred to cotton production, it is in the form of large and small balls, and the density of this mass is high. This situation further increases the unevenness of cotton transfer.
We will consider the possibilities of ensuring the necessary height of the cotton layer. To solve this problem constructively:
- it is necessary to ensure that the cotton does not slip on the tape. This can be solved by installing slats on the conveyor belt.
- to tighten the cotton to the maximum and to install a device, i.e., a fixer, which ensures a layer of cotton of the required height on the tape. This event can be done by installing a piled drum at a certain distance on the conveyor belt. The drum squeezes the cotton and provides the required height of the cotton layer.
Cotton raw material is a colloidal pore-capillary material with different types of moisture binding, and certain conditions should be taken into account when developing drying techniques and technologies, including:
- ensuring heat exchange;
- increase the production capacity of the device;
-maintain fiber and seed quality indicators;
- uniform removal of moisture from raw cotton components;
- avoid mechanical damage to the fiber.
Sample preparation
The scheme of a technical solution that can perform these tasks is presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1. A device that ensures the required height of the cotton layer.
The device that ensures the required height of the cotton layer works as follows: the cotton moving on the tape 1, which is pulled on the roller 2, is pushed by the piled drum 5 and passes to the required height h. to ensure the height h, the screw adjuster 4 is fixed to the column 3 by means of a hinge, and the drum 5 is movably mounted on the ogma tyanch 6.
To change the height h, the lever of the screw adjuster 4 is turned, so that the drum 5 is raised (or lowered) together with the main shaft 6. As a result, the distance between the tape and the pile drum increases (or decreases) [1-3]. When the height h increases, the dryer performance increases, but the drying efficiency decreases. When h decreases, the productivity decreases and
5
the drying efficiency increases. It is also possible to control the dryer performance and drying efficiency by keeping the height h constant and increasing or decreasing the belt speed.
Now, let's analyze the process theoretically.
The cotton is moving without friction and the total amount of cotton entering and leaving the device is:
QKUp QHUK 0}
Pile drum n smoothness flatten the cotton pad and tighten it. Part of the cotton lint is returned , and the rest goes to the drying zone in the drum zone. In this case, the cotton layer is divided into 2: transmissive and reversible layers. Let's consider [4-7] the process of relative movement of cotton layers. We assume that the leveling body is located along the vertical x-axis.
The two pieces of cotton move in opposite directions with respect to the x-axis. Let the total height of the layer be h.
We assume that the movement of the layers is based on the law of linear coupling with respect to the x-axis. Let the speed of the upper layer be U yu and that of the lower layer be Uo.
In order to apply the drying of cotton raw materials under the influence of infrared radiation based on functional ceramics in production conditions, it is necessary to create a production sample of the drying equipment that can meet the requirements of the technological regulation of the cotton ginning enterprise based on the results obtained in the laboratory stand.
According to the experiments carried out in laboratory conditions, it is necessary to organize the drying of cotton raw materials in a layer under the influence of infrared radiation based on functional ceramics, it is necessary to develop a suitable dryer for layer drying.
We write the equation of the relative displacement of the cotton layers at the leveling point
[8-9]:
d2y d2y
■-= V-i
ax2 at2
^ = (2)
is zero :
= ° (3)
(3) twice, we find the linear displacement q : y = C1x + C2 (4)
integration constants I |C1 I land I |C2 I from the initial conditions: x = 0 if x = C2 + Umt there is and, x = h if there is y = -Uot. In that case
-uj = u°t+Ch ,
from this
c =-(uw + u°)t(5) h
Putting the findings, we determine the following equation of displacement:
y = Vo+px, + UJ (5)
h
The equation of the relative velocity of Q particles can be derived by differentiating:
U = ^ = -(Uo + U-) X + V, (6)
dt h
The obtained results show that the transfer ability q of the leveler depends on the speed h of the tape, and the return ability q depends on the linear speed of the leveling body [14-15].
Speeds of the operating modes of the provider based on the required values of transmission. The performance of the belt device depends on the width of the belt, its coefficient of use of the unit surface, the linear speed of the belt, and the moisture and density of the layer of material moving on it.
The supplier we are designing is located at the beginning of the technological chain of primary processing of cotton, and its performance determines the performance of the entire technological chain. Therefore, it is important to calculate the performance of the new supplier. Based on the above, the supplier's cotton transfer efficiency equation can be expressed as follows [16]: The height of the passing cotton layer depends on the distance between the outer circumference of the leveling drum and the tape. This interval as h = 150 mm, we can find [17] the required belt speed or, if we take the belt speed, for example, 0.2 m/s, we can find the required layer thickness.
However, the force of contact between the q anots installed on the surface of the tape and the drum plates with the cotton pad q is reduced by the ratio h.
Results
Now, we will analyze the performance of the dryer based on the belt conveyor throughput during the changeover period. The results are presented in table 1.
Looking at the results, it can be seen that both factors have a linear effect on dryer performance. In particular, as the belt speed increases, the dryer performance increases. In this case, as the value of the height of the cotton layer increases, the productivity increases with greater intensity. The results are presented graphically in Figures 2.
1-table
Effect of belt speed and layer height on productivity
№ vM h y
1 0.1 0.2 0.1/0.2/0.3/0.4 0.2/0.4 0.3 0.153/0.306/0.459/0.612 0.200/0.400/0.500/0.700 0.450/0.550
2 0.5 0.6 0.1/0.2/0.3/0.4 0.3/0.4 0.35 0.765/1.53/2.295/3.06 0.800/2.58/3.100/3.56 2.78/3.150
3 1.0 1.5 0.1/0.2/0.3/0.4 0.1/0.2 0.15 1.53/3.06/4.59/6.12 2.03/3.16/4.71/6.78 3.26/4.89
4 1.5 2.0 0.1/0.2/0.3/0.4 0.2/0.3 0.25 2.295/4.59/6.88/9.18 2.312/4.98/7.11/9.68 5.11/7.66
Depending on the results of practical studies, we accept this height as h = 0.2 m . We take the density of the crushed gp ash q = 30 kg/m 3 , and the coefficient of use of the tape surface is k= 0.85. The productivity of the technological process in cotton ginning enterprises varies around 8-12 t/h. The result obtained by H calculation falls within this range, and based on this, it can be
said that the dryer is new It meets the rational productivity requirements of modern cotton ginning enterprises. Similarly, as the value of cotton bed height increases, the dryer efficiency increases, and the increase in efficiency is more intense as the belt speed increases.
Based on the obtained results, it will be possible to ensure the necessary drying efficiency by controlling the dryer's performance through the second parameter, taking one of the belt speed or the height of the cotton layer as constant. When drying cotton raw materials in a layer under the influence of infrared radiation based on functional ceramics, it is necessary to determine the drying mode, that is, the time required to dry the material's moisture to the specified moisture level, which depends on the height of the cotton raw material layer.
Y, kg/s
10
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
Figure 2. Effect of Belt Speed on Dryer Performance
Production test of the developed infrared drying device based on functional ceramics at the Baghdad cotton ginning plant Selective variety S-6524, industrial variety II, class II, moisture 10.4 %, impurity 4.1 %, hand-picked and selective variety S-6524, industrial variety III, class II, moisture 13.6 %, impurity 7,8 %, was spent on raw cotton, hand-picked, each batch consisting of 50 tons.
Conclusion
Based on the above, there was a need to conduct research to determine the mode of drying cotton raw materials in different layers under the influence of infrared radiation based on functional ceramics.
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