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Namazov A.K.
THE VALUE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF WRESTLERS12
Saint-Petersburg Polytechnical University Peter
Key words: wrestler, psychological preparation, competition, motivation, sportsman, competitive activity, individualization.
Psychological preparation is an important section in training of sportsmen for competitive activity. For the first time the problem of psychological preparation of the sportsmen was put forward in the Soviet psychology of sport in 1956 to l AllUnion meeting on sport psychology. Certainly, separate sections of psychological preparation were used in the educational training process before. But since 1956 this section of preparation began to be considered as a component in complex pedagogical process and received the name of psychological preparation. In the domestic sport psychology scientifically proved recommendations that concern various aspects of psychological preparation of sportsmen (A.V. Rodionov, B.A. Vyatkin) and methods of psycho prophylactic and psycho correctional influences (V. L. Marishchuk, L.D. Gissen, Y.L. Khanin, G. D. Gorbunov, A.B. Alekseev) are developed.
The literature analysis showed that this problem of psychological preparation of wrestlers was investigated by A.Ts. Puni, A.A. Lalayan, B. A. Vyatkin, V. V. Medvedev, V. G. Cherny, S. V. Kalmykov, etc. In these works such elements of psychological preparation of a wrestler for competition as motivation of activity, regulation of stress, adequate psycho diagnostics, regulation of a mental condition of a sportsman in competitions, specifics of preparation in types of fight were revealed.
In difficult conditions of wrestling with very high competition quite often the decisive role is played by the level of moral, volitional and special mental qualities development. There are examples when undisputed leaders owing to psychological character failures didn't reach the final in the sport practice. And the wrestlers who weren't among obvious favorites due to limit volitional mobilization achieved outstanding results.
Achievement of high level of sports and technical skill of wrestlers is carried out in the course of intense training and competitive activity. For many years,
12 Намазоа А. Значение психологической подготовки борцов.
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sportsmen have to overcome extreme physical and psycho-emotional loads.
Psychological preparation is directed to the greatest possible use of potential mental abilities of the wrestler, all his personal reserves for the purpose of achievement of high sports results. It is necessary to provide an exact dosage of means and methods of the psychological influence that is carried out mainly through training and competitive loads taking into account individual properties of a personality, current state, specific objectives of preparation.
Individualization of psychological preparation of wrestlers involves consideration of typological characteristics of higher nervous activity. So, for wrestlers having strong nervous system shock trainings are quite acceptable and effective, for sportsmen with weak nervous system trainings should be planned more carefully, especially it concerns the training loadings of limit intensity.
Particular importance in the preparation of the wrestlers should be given to improving the mental processes that ensure success, especially volitional, physical and technical training.
In sports psychology it is accepted to understand the ability of manifestation of conscious action for achievement of a definite purpose connected with overcoming of external and internal obstacles as the concept "will". Obstacles which wrestlers face are very various. For example, the attacking style of fight imposed by the rival fairly is estimated as an external factor. And the fatigue occurring during the fight is an internal factor. In both cases the wrestler needs to overcome all these factors to achieve success. In the process of overcoming the various obstacles the willpower qualities of the wrestler are actualized. They include: commitment, perseverance, tenacity, determination and courage, initiative and self-reliance, endurance and self-control.
Psychological preparation in the educational training process is primarily focused on the formation of the ability to endure significant (in volume and intensity) trained loads. The modern level of sport development makes great demands which for many even talented sportsmen are excessive.
The motivation to intense sports training can be created by means of the following methodical receptions:
• the achievement of the separate high purposes through achievement of the intermediate purposes;
• the orientation of sportsmen that composed great sports success are intense training work, huge devotion (both in trainings, and in everyday life) and talent;
• training complex of psychological qualities, which is sometimes called "the winner's instinct" that means education setting for the victory; if the athlete is adjusted to ensure not to lose, his chances to win are small;
• the creation of healthy competition in the section, group, team;
• formation of traditions of a sports school, section team to which the thorny road to a victory of the best representatives of the collective has to be visually presented.
Psychological tolerance of loads quite often is the limiting factor of growth of sports skill. Decrease in psychological tolerance takes place at change of the mode or situation of training.
For example, when a young wrestler gets to a training camp where he fights against stronger and qualified sportsmen. Besides the increased training loads the young wrestler also experiences the additional load associated with the desire to assert himself to prove the validity of his inclusion in the team.
The purpose of psychological preparation for competitions can be caused by formation of such psychological state which will allow to realize completely the potential of functional, physical, technical, tactical readiness reached in trainings and as a result to achieve success in competitions.
The general psychological preparation is a long-term process of development and improvement of personality traits, mental qualities and skills that form the basis of individual style of activity. The way of the development of the mental qualities conducting at this sportsman and compensation of negative states is considered the most rational. Special psychological preparation is carried out in preparation for a specific competition, or in cases of serious shortcomings, failures in the mental preparation for a particular competition: the definition of competitive purposes, the creation of the installation to achieve these goals, the formation of confidence in the results.
At the same time, an analytical review of the literature and sports practice show that issues related to the psychological preparation of wrestlers were solved without taking into account individual characteristics of wrestling: freestyle, classical, sambo, judo, etc.
Thus, the individualization of training of wrestlers for competitions is based first of all on the features of their mental qualities in specific conditions of upcoming competitions and is directed on formation of "fighting confidence". This significant personalization is associated primarily with the temperament, its manifestation in
difficult stressful conditions.
In practice of psychological preparation various methods of self-control are used. It's basically a distraction from thinking about the outcome of the competition, self-approval, self-affirmation and self-orders. Wide use in practice of fight was received by the autogenic and psycho regulating training.
It is obvious that the best type of psychological preparation is participation of a sportsman in different competitions. Competitive experience in sport is the most important element of reliability of a sportsman. In addition, participation in the competition is always getting certain results, summarizing a particular stage in the improvement of a sportsman.
Therefore, the organization of psychological preparation for competitions has to be directed on formation of properties and qualities of the personality and mental states by which success and stability of competitive activity is always caused. Its purpose is considered to be adaptation to competitive situations. Psychological readiness of the sportsman for a competition is determined by:
• calmness (equanimity) of a sportsman in extreme competitive situations;
• self-confidence of a sportsman, providing reliability of actions;
• fighting spirits of a sportsman;
Basic steps for psychological preparation for the competition:
• Gathering information about the competitions for bringing all his personal affairs in order, so they do not distract from future competitions;
• Searching for information about the opponents. With this information you can analyze strengths and weaknesses of a possible opponent.
• Resolution of the objectives to be achieved in the course of the competitions. There are basic steps for psychological preparation on the competition day. It is necessary to arrive in advance to have time before the show to warm up and then sit down and tune in to the objectives set for this competition;
It is also necessary to analyze the actions of their opponents look weak, which in future could be used;
• You need to stay focused and restrained;
• Do not allow excessive idleness and cheerfulness (mostly peculiar to young sportsmen).
The list of the used literature:
1. Alekseev A.V., Begins with head / A.V. Alekseev//Sports psychologist. 2005. No 1. Page 2123.
2. Chikurov A.I., Management of precompetitive psychological preparation of highly skilled judoists on the basis of monitoring the state of readiness. / A.I. Chikurkov. Krasnoyarsk, 2008. 193 pp.
3. Sivitsky V.G., The system of psychological support sports activities / V.G. Sivitsky // sports psychologist. 2007. No 1. S.3742.
4. Shumilin A.P., Motivation in the structure of the impact of competitive activity judoists/ A.P. Shumilin. Krasnoyarsk, 2003. 150 pp.
5. Smolentsova V.N., Psychic Self-Regulation in the preparation of sportsmen / V.N. Smolentceva. Omsk University, 2003. 195 pp.
Ключевые слова: борец, психологическая подготовка, соревнование, мотивация, спортсмен, соревновательная деятельность, индивидуализация. Key words: fighter, psychological preparation, compitation, motivation, spotsman, competitive activity, individualization.
УДК 796. 853
А.Ю. Осипов
ВЛИЯНИЕ НОВЫХ ПРАВИЛ НА КАЧЕСТВО БОРЬБЫ РОССИЙСКИХ ДЗЮДОИСТОВ13
Сибирский федеральный университет, Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого, Красноярск, Ale44132272@ya.ru
Как известно, многие виды спортивных единоборств пользуются большой и заслуженной популярностью у населения нашей страны. Не является исключением и борьба дзюдо. К большому сожалению, результаты выступлений национальной команды Российской Федерации по борьбе дзюдо (как мужской, так и женской) в последние 2-3 года перестали радовать специалистов и болельщиков. Присутствует значительная отрицательная динамика снижения количества медалей завоеванных на крупных международных соревнованиях [3]. И хотя министр спорта РФ призывает не паниковать по поводу последних результатов сборной страны [4], подобное
13 Osipov A.Yu. The impact of new rules on the quality of wrestling of the russian judo-wrestlers/
