CC BY
35
Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 111-115 (Scopus)
Submitted: 20.12.2017 Received: 23.12.2017
Authors information:
Alexsandr S. Kuznetsov — Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University, Nizametdinovа str., 28, Naberezhnye Chelny, 423806, Russia
Zinaida M. Kuznetsova - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Square of the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, 4, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: kzm [email protected]
For citations: Kuznetsov A.S., Kuznetsova Z.M. Integrated application of rehabilitation means in circannian training cycle of highly-qualified greco-roman style wrestlers, The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Pshycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 6-14. DOI 10/14526/04_2017_259
DOI 10/14526/04_2017_260
BIOMECHANICS OF SPORTSMAN'S MOVEMENTS IN MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (BY THE EXAMPLE OFUNIVERSALFIGHT)
Zinaida M. Kuznetsova — Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia Yriy D. Ovchinnikov — candidate of technical sciences, associate professor, Nadezhda A. Nazarenko — student Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 161, Budenny str., Krasnodar, 350015, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Annotation. Nowadays universalfight becomes very popular among young people. This kind of sport is a kind of symbiosis of sambo and hand-to-hand combat, but at the same time it has its own competitive and training specificity. Universal fight techniques are actively used not only in sports competitive activity, but also in force structures training. Universal fight, as all kinds of combat, is based on the laws and principles of biomechanics of a person's body movements. This problem is not studied enough and presented in scientific literature. Material. Substantiation of a sportsman's biomechanics of movements during obstacle course overcoming, taking into account the rules of competitions and time factors. Research methods: scientific literature and competitions results analysis, observation, mathematical statistics methods. Result. Scientific literature analysis, concerning this scientific direction, showed the necessity to study a sportsman's biomechanics of movements during obstacle course overcoming. Sports competitions observation and analysis and also personal sports experience helped to held scientific research, summarize the received results andpresent own scientific opinion in this article. Conclusion. This scientific research can be referred to the category of the applied scientific research works ofpractical orientation. Keywords: biomechanics of movements, obstacle course, kinds of universal fight, knife throwing.
Introduction.
Universal fightis a modern kind of combats, which can be referred to mixed martial arts. This kind of sport is popular among young people and demands physical and moral-psychological training, which then can be useful in professional activity. Moreover, the techniques and ways of universal fight are actively used during force structures training. Sports competitions observation and analysis and also personal sports experience helped to form a sportsman's biomechanics of movements during obstacle course overcoming (by the example of universal fight). As the problem of body control is not studied enough in biomechanics, the authors show theoretically considered and practically oriented scientific experiment.
The aim of this research work is to present a sportsman's biomechanics of movements duringobstacle course overcoming, taking into account the rules of competitions and time factors.
Research material and research methods
During scientific research works organization two kinds of combat and the main competitive element (obstacle course overcoming by a sportsman moving in different time parameters, conditioned by the rules of this kind of sport) were taken as the base.
Universal fight is a kind of combats, which includes obstacle course overcoming and a single combat on a wrestling mat. As any other kind of sport universal fight includes own classification. A universal fight includes two competitive kinds:
1.An easy universal fight- obstacle course overcoming, then a combat on tatami according to the rules of sambo (OsipovA.Y.)[6].
2.Classical universal fight- obstacle course overcoming, then a combat on tatami according to the rules of hand-to-hand combat(SvishchevI.D., PonkratovA.V.; ErayzerS.L.) [8,9].
The main competitive element for a sportsman in a universal fight is an obstacle course. An obstacle course has standard parameters:
• labyrinth
• fence (height-2 m, width - 2-3 m)
• Beam (balancebeam)
• handhorizontal ladder (height - 2,5 m., length - 4 m)
• Tunnel
• Shooting from the stand from air gun into the target
• Sports knife throwing into the targetat 3 meters distance
• Sloping net with the hole for the transfer to the rope
• rope, 5-6 m.
Having studied the rules of competitions, we defined the specificity of this kind of sport. If a sportsman misses the target, when he shoots and throws a sports knife, he is punished with the additional tunnel without further attempts to hit the target in these kinds of obstacles. Each case of hitting the target gives 1 point, it means that in case of successful attempts maximum quantity of points is 2, which are given to the participants in the next round.
A sportsman, who finishes first with the time difference of 10 to15 seconds in comparison with the opponent, gets additional point in the next round.For each following 5 seconds a sportsman is also given some points. A sportsman, whose time difference of obstacle course overcoming is half of the finishing time of the opponent, wins a fight. These sportsmen are not allowed to the 2nd round.
A sportsman with the developed physical qualities will be successful in obstacle course overcoming (Afonina I.P.) [1]. Quickness is the main quality of a universal combatant. In order to win in the first round it is necessary to finish first. Strength is necessary for fence overcoming, hand
horizontal ladder; dexterity is necessary to overcome the beam, tunnel and rope.
In order to achieve success in obstacle course overcoming a sportsman has to know different ways of obstacles overcoming, have maximum consentration and psychological mindset (Kazakov Y.N., Kolobaev S.A.) [2].
Different observations over the sportsmen during the competitions helped to reveal the following biomechanical qualities: strength, quickness, endurance, dexterity during the obstacle course overcoming, which are individual in each case (PolosinS.V)[7].
During the labyrinth overcoming sportsmen use the following ways:
- "gallop" steps - a sportsman fulfills gallop steps with the right/ left side (depends on toss)(from 1 to 3), his hands are before him tackling the hand-rails of the labyrinth;
-runing through - a sportsman runs through the labyrinth facing the obstacle, tackling both sides of the labyrinth, fulfilling frequent and small stepsin order to save time during the body turn(OvchinnikovY.D., DzyubaN.Y.)[3];
- steps - a sportsman steps over the separating bar between the right and the left sides of the labyrinth, tackling strictly closer to the side of the bar.
In order to overcome the fence sportsmen use other techniques:
-strength - a sportsman takes a running leap on the fence, clambers upand pulling up his body with the help of legs. Then throwing a leg over and jumps off the obstacle;
-turning-over - a sportsman, taking a running leap on the fence by hands touches the center of the fence, turns over his body by legs and jumps off the obstacle facing.
In order to overcome the beam sportsmen use the following ways:
-running - a sportsman runs along the obstacle, balancing with hands. Such kind of the ways is used by highly-qualified sportsmen with high level of coordination;
-step touch - a sportsman overcomes the obstacle by step touch, balancing with hands. Such kind of the way is used by
sportsmen with poor developed coordination abilities.
In order to overcome hand horizontal ladder sportsmen used the following ways of obstacle overcoming:
-tackling with hands- a sportsman tackles with hands the bars, also this way can be fulfilled through one bar.
-one-side - a sportsman tackles the bar with the right/left hand and places the left/right hand against it.
During the tunnel overcoming different ways of movement can be used:
-genucubital- a sportsman rests on hands and the front surface of the shin, moves forward;
-without resting on knees- a sportsman moves, resting on hands and a foot.
The way of moving use depends on anthropometric characteristics of a sportsman and the size of a tunnel.
In order to realize shooting with the air gun from the stand a sportsman faces comfortable for him side of the target. For this purpose it is necessary to know, which side in not in error when closing the other eye. Shooting can be realized with hands straight and with one hand resting on body. The whole shooting technique is studied during the trainings observe the safety procedures.
Research results. Sports knife throwing depends on a chosen by a sportsman technique. There are different techniques of the knife holding. For example, "grasping the handle" position, characterized by the blade position - up or down- and a handle grasp. Blade grasp is fulfilled only in a way safe for a sportsman. Among the main techniques of throwing we define circulating andnon-circulating techniques. Non-circulating knife throwing is the way of purposeful throwing, when a knife doesn't turn during the flight (Ovchinninkov Y D., Nazarenko N.A.) [4,5].
Thus, during a non-circulating throwing we see only a translational motion. When the distance increases the percentage of
a successful target damaging decreases and it is shown in table 1.
Table 1 -Averages, received during a knife throwing with the help of non-circulating
technique
Kinds of knife holding Number of turns Distance, m Target damaging
Holding the handle 0 1-3 60-80
Holding the handle 0 4-7 35-40
Table 2 -Circul ating technique results
Kinds of knife holding Number of turns Distance, m Target damaging
Holding the blade / 3-5 60-70
Holding the handle 1 3-5 50-55
Holding the blade 1/2 7-8 75-80
Holding the handle 2 5-7 35-40
Circulating throwing is the way of a purposeful throwing, when a throwing implement turns, characterized by a definite number of full or not full turns. Circulating throwing is divided into three kinds according to the technical-tactical actions:
1. Low-speed technique can be used for knives throwing in a half turn.
2. Circulating technique can be used for knives throwing at 3 to 5 meters distance in one turn.
3. Multiturn technique can be used for knives throwing in one and a half and two turns and provides an accurate throwing.
Both techniques have one thing in common: in order to be successful in hitting the target, it is necessary to control that a knife enters the target with the edge at an angle of no more than 10 degrees to
the normal. During the observation over the sportsmen biomechanics of movements while throwing was analyzed:
- "Stand" pose: the left leg is forward, hands down, knife is in the right hand;
- "Sweep" pose: elbow bend;
- body turn to the right, hand lifting: left joint bend.
During the pause: the left leg is forward, the right leg is behind, elbow and shoulder joint bend, hand is over the back of the head, body is turned to the right, the right shoulder is turned back.
The action "Throwing" shows the following biomechanical movements:
- shoulder and elbow joint extension, body turns left, following the hand;
- hand becomes straight in elbow and shoulder joints, body goes forward, the left knee bends.
The right leg rises on toes, hand provides necessary rotation of a knife.
A sportsman moves to the hole for a rope along the sloping net. Biomechanics of hands movements: holding and tackling. Biomechanics of legs movements: in case of sliding the rope it is considered that a sportsman didn't get over the obstacle and it is necessary for him to fulfill the movement again: climb the net and get down the rope following the rules.
Each obstacle can be got over three times and then a sportsman is disqualified. After finishing (it ends only when a hand touches tatami) sportsmen go to the second round. If the score is 2:0 after the second round, sportsmen don't start the third round and a sports man, who has the greatest number of points wins.
Conclusion.
This scientific research can be referred to the category of the applied scientific research works of practical orientation. N. Nazarenko is not only the person, who studied "Biomechanics of motional activity" course, but also a winner of the World championship in knives throwing, hand-to-hand combat referee and the candidate master of universal fight. We consider traditional methodology of the "experimental" and "control" groups unacceptable in this research work. More objective will be the method of the author's experiment of an athlete.
References
1. Aftimichuk O.E., Kuznetsova Z.M. The importance of RMA in the system of vocational educational and sports training. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie I mediko-
biologicheskieproblemyfizicheskojkul'tury I sporta [Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports]. 2015, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 28-38. Available at: http://journal-science.org/ru/article/157.html. DOI: 10.14526/01 1111 04.
2. Afonina I. P. Attacking actions mastering in sambo using special supplying exercises. Teoriya I praktikafizicheskojkul'tury [Theory and practice of physical culture]. 2011, No. 7, pp. 68. (in Russian).
3. Kazakov Y. N., Kolobaev S.A. Corporality phenomenon experimental study in a group of sportsmen in sambo and judo. Psihologiya I psihotehnika [Psychology and psychotechnics]. 2015, No. 4, pp. 392-401. (in Russian).
4. Ovchinnikov Y. D., Dzyuba N.Y. Biomechanics of movements in the exercises of the training process among young karatekas. VestnikAdygejskogogosudarstvennogouniversiteta .Seria 3: pedagogika I psihologiya [Adygeya State University bulletin . Series 3: Pedagogics and psychology]. 2016, No. 2(178), pp. 133-138. (in Russian).
5. Ovchinnikov Y. D., Nazarenko N.A. Kinematics and dynamics of rotatory body motions (by the example of knives throwing). Bakalavr[Bachelor].2016, No. 1-2(14-15), pp. 7-10. (in Russian)
6. Ovchinnikov Y. D., Nazarenko N.A. About biomechanics of movements during knives throwing.Aktual'nyevoprosyfizicheskojkul'tury I sporta [Urgent questions of physical culture and sport]. 2016, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 42-46.(in Russian).
7. Osipov A. Y. Steady balance as a necessary component of teaching counterattack actions in sambo. VestnikKrasnoyarskogogosudarstvennogopedagogiche skogouniversitetaimeni V.P. Astafeva [Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafev]. 2012, No. 1, pp. 94-96. (in Russian).
8. Polosin S. V. Long-term individual indices study of competitive activity among sportsmen of a complex sports double-event "Universal fight" for the training process correction. Fizicheskayakul'tura I zdorov'e [Physical culture and health]. 2012, No.1, pp. 16-19. (in Russian).
9. Svishchev I. D., Ponkratov A.V. Attacking actions transformation in hand-to-hand combat. Teoriya I praktikafizicheskojkul'tury [Theory and practice of physical culture]. 2014, No. 5, pp. 76-78. (in Russian).
10. Erayzer S. L. Loads organization in the microcycles of a yearly training in hand-to-hand combat at the stage of sportsmanship improvement. Uchenyezapiski P.F. Lesgafta [Scientific notes of P.F. Lesgaft University]. 2014, No. 12(118), pp. 239-245. (in Russian).
11. Kuznetsova Z., Kuznetsov A., Mutaeva I., Khalikov G., Zakharova A., 2015. Athletes preparation based on a complex assessment of functional state. In
Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 156-160 (Scopus).
12. Kuznetsov A., Mutaeva I., Kuznetsova Z. Diagnostics of Functional State and Recerve Capacity of young Athletes' Organizm. In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and
Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 111-115 (Scopus).
Submitted: 30.10.2017 Received: 03.11.2017
Authors information:
Zinaida M. Kuznetsova — Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: [email protected]
Yriy D. Ovchinnikov — candidate of technical sciences, associate professor, Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 161, Budenny str., Krasnodar, 350015, Russia Nadezhda A. Nazarenko — student Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 161, Budenny str., Krasnodar, 350015, Russia
For citations: Kuznetsova Z.M., Ovchinnikov Y.D., Nazarenko N.A. Biomechanics of sportsman's movements in mixed martial arts (by the example of universal fight), The Russian journal ofphysical education and sport (pedagogico-pshycological and medico-biological problems ofphysical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 14-19. DOI 10/14526/04_2017_260.
DOI 10/14526/04_2017_265
THE INDICES INTERCONNECTION OF GRECO -ROMAN STYLE WRESTLERS' FUNCTIONAL AND TECHNICAL-TACTICAL READINESS
Alexsandr S. Kuznetsov - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor
Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University, Nizametdinova str., 28, Naberezhnye Chelny, 423806, Russia Richat B. Mubarakzyanov - coach Children and Youth Sports School of Tukaevsk Municipal District 1, New Osmushkina rural settlement, street Central, Republic of Tatarstan, 423872, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Annotation. The rules of competitive combat organization are closely connected with tactical and technical elements of Greco-Roman wrestling. Many researchers and practicians claim that the rules of competitions change considerably influenced the quality of wrestling, which demands great changes in methodology of training sportsmen for competitive activity. Research methods: scientific-methodical literature analysis and summarizing, competitive activity analysis, correlation analysis of functional and technical-tactical readiness indices among Greco-Roman style wrestlers. Materials. The article deals with the questions of Greco-Roman style wrestlers' adaptation to the rules of competitions change; the results of correlation analysis of Greco-Roman style wrestlers' technical-tactical and physical readiness are presented. Results. Correlation analysis showed that high sports results achievement is connected with the indices, which characterize the process of training adaptation among Greco-Roman style wrestlers to the rules of competitions change. Conclusion. The increase of the revealed valid correlation connections verification in the experimental group after the experiment between the indices of technical-tactical readiness and the indices, which characterize special physical readiness, a functional state, spare capacities, physical working capacity and aerobic productivity, proves the fact that high sports results achievement is
