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32THE USAGE OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES IN
UZBEKISTAN
B. A. Qulmatova D. A. Buranova
Andijan Institute of Agroculture and Agrotechnology
ABSTRACT
On this paper examines foreign experience in the implementation of digital technologies in smart agriculture of Uzbekistan, as well as the need to use automated systems in agriculture.
Keywords: Digital technologies, digitalization, smart agriculture, automated systems, technologies, drones, vehicles, automation, sensors, sensors, husbandry, livestock, livestock, consumers, farmers.
ENTRANCE DEPARTMENT
Today we can see the active use of digital technologies in all sectors of the economy. The agricultural sector, which plays a key role in improving the welfare of the people, is no exception. Extensive work is being carried out in Uzbekistan in this direction, a number of large-scale projects aimed at the digital transformation of agriculture are being implemented, which will radically change agriculture and accelerate the introduction of advanced and innovative solutions in the industry. Of course, the scientific approach is of great importance in achieving the set goals.
The development of not only one industry, but the whole country depends on the actual and required scientific research. On this basis, on October 29, 2020, the head of state signed a decree "On approval of the concept of development of science until 2030." The purpose of the document is to ensure the full use of innovative potential with the full mobilization of scientific, intellectual and financial resources, to identify priorities for continuous reform of science in the future. Department of Methods
It should be noted that the first steps have been taken in this direction today. One of them is an innovative pilot project on agricultural land management using the Monterra artificial intelligence platform in Andijan Technopark. The project selected six routes, which were digitized in vector format and integrated into the online platform. The platform analyzes satellite images. This software works on the example of clusters in Andijan region. With the help of the platform, agricultural landowners will be able to get the necessary recommendations based on the results of the research using satellite technology.
The convenience of the electronic system is that it is used in the process of processing, packaging, cleaning, sorting and delivery of the product even after
harvesting. Smart farming technologies also play an important role in achieving high productivity and quality, reducing water consumption and production costs, and crop planning and forecasting.
The introduction of innovations in agriculture is primarily based on the concept of "Smart Agriculture", which allows the rational use of available land, water and other natural resources. Tasks include the introduction of modern tested forms of agricultural production, maximum automation of agricultural production in the agricultural sector, increasing productivity and improving financial performance, as well as promoting the introduction of innovative ideas, developments and technologies to ensure food security in the country.
RESULTS SECTION
In accordance with presidential decrees and resolutions, the state is abolishing the market order for cotton and grain in order to expand market mechanisms in the agricultural sector from 2020, to increase the interest of farmers. In this regard, the President signed a decree dated January 28, 2020 "On measures to implement the tasks set out in the Strategy of Agricultural Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020-2030."
The main goal of the concept is to increase crop yields, increase livestock productivity, protect agricultural lands from diseases, pests, including insects, weeds, as well as the introduction of modern farming methods and increase production. Due to the introduction of the concept, field labor productivity will increase by 30% and cotton picking will be carried out with full machinery. The creation of stress-resistant, productive, transplanted varieties of agricultural crops rich in biologically active substances is 100% guaranteed. The use of satellite data and remote sensing technologies allows for a quick and accurate assessment of the condition of agricultural lands and crops grown on them. Another important direction is to increase the number of objects designed using "smart greenhouse" technology to 500. An automated production system will be introduced in animal husbandry, which will reduce the cost of production by 15%.
The issue of digitization of agriculture, of course, should be based on the experience of developed countries. The transition to 'smart' agriculture in the world is taking place slowly but surely. A large portion of the market (53 percent) is located in North America. IT technologies are actively used in the field, mainly in the cultivation of cereals, and this is called "precision farming". In general, many countries are confirming that they are actively developing their agriculture through the transition from "analog" to "smart".
Of course, to work on these we need completely different machines and units. It should be noted that the world's leading manufacturers of agricultural machinery have
already begun to define their development strategies based on the needs of digitization and automation of agricultural processes.
Intelligent farms can use not only driverless vehicles, but also unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with cameras and high-sensitivity sensors. They have the ability to conduct research on agricultural plots for several hours, transmit data collected by cameras and sensors to the farmer, create an electronic map of the fields in 3D, calculate the standardized vegetation index for effective fertilization, record work, protect the land and more. Currently, drones are widely used in agriculture in the United States, China, Japan, Brazil and the EU.
The use of sensors and sensors in agriculture is an important step in the establishment of an intellectual farm. From tens of square kilometers away, they can provide continuous information via radio channels about the status of controlled objects - mainly soil moisture level, temperature, plant health level, fuel reserves and other important parameters.
DISCUSSION
The consumers of the introduction of intelligent technologies in agriculture are, of course, farmers and farm managers. Technology providers are suppliers. They are responsible for developing innovative applications or mobile applications for consumers, M2M equipment, sensors and tracking devices, communication channels, data analysis tools and other smart solutions. However, not every farm (every farmer) is connected to the internet. Even a small farm needs enough investment to connect to the network. How to help low-budget farms?
For all its advantages, smart agriculture is still in its infancy. According to a report by the US company Trimble, only one in four farms in the world uses a database. Financial factors (the establishment of such infrastructure requires a significant initial investment by farmers) are a major obstacle to this. In addition, data security, specific farming policies, and the weather also make most farmers hesitant. Conclusion
Technologies that have come a long way are still evolving. Nowadays, devices and services with web interfaces have become much more popular, which is why the interest in the Internet of Things is occupying a record high. Traditional methods of farming cannot keep up with the growing demand for food, so farmers are increasingly turning to smart agriculture. And there is no doubt that this will be the only area with a bright future.
In short, the soil of our country is fertile, and in the spring it bears fruit in the fall. However, given the fact that our population is growing from year to year, our water, electricity and other natural resources are limited, we realize the importance of "smart"
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 1 I 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
agriculture. Therefore, the introduction of a modern system in the agricultural sector is one of the important tasks.
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