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The thread that comes up from the bottom and meets the thread from the spool to form the stitch. Bobbins need to be wound up and inserted properly into a sewing machine [1].
10. Bumblebunching
That annoying tangled loop of stitching on the bobbin side of the fabric, that is a result of improper tension applied to the sewing machine.
11. Buttonhole
A small cut in the fabric that is bound with small stitching. The hole has to be just big enough to allow a button to pass through it and remain in place.
12. Casing. A folded over edge of a garment, which is usually at the waist. It is used to enclose a way of adjusting the fit - for example for a drawstring.
13. Cord. A twisted fibre, somewhere between rope and string.
14. Crochet. A method using yarn and a hooked needle to make a garment, fabric or lace.
15. Crossgrain. The line of fabric perpendicular to the selvage edge of the fabric.
A common technique used for shaping garments. They normally appear around the waist and bust. Now that you mastered these sewing terms and definitions, and you know your zigzag stitch from your ladder stitch. Whether it's your first time sewing on a machine, or you've been using one for years, you might not know the name of all the parts on your sewing machine - or even what they do.
References
1. Snell H. Handbook of Translation. Tübingen: Stauffenburg-Verlag, 1999.
2. Toury G. Descriptive Translation Studies and beyond. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1995.
THE USAGE OF COLLOQUIAL WORDS IN NEWSPAPERS
Rakhmatova N.V.
Rakhmatova Nargiza Valijanovna - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE, ENGLISH LANGUAGES FACULTY 2, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: analyzing the language of newspapers we can say that slang and jargon are much frequently used both in articles and headlines. And it does not matter whether it is cuisine theme or business or about policy. But in the sphere of business policy and show business slang words usually carry additional connotative meaning which can be easily encoded by the reader. Keywords: slang, jargonisms, connotation, journalism, dictionary.
Many slang words were created by journalists than pick upped by public and now are used as slang. For example the headline of the brief news item published by The Sun about the after show party organized by famous singer Jay-Z is a striking instance of the hiding connotative meaning and newly created slang word: "£500,000 Jayday"
JayDay Cannabis Festival - is the annual Cannabis Festival, or JayDay, organised by the Cannabis Coalition in London and has been celebrated from 2001 to 2004 in Brockwell Park [Wikipedia]. But this article is about popular rap singer Jay-Z and maybe it should be read as Jay's day. But we also can see the parallel, the author wanted us to see, that this party has features of Cannabis Festival.
Another example of slang words from the same article: "The rapper is splashing out half a million quid on an after-party for his Roc Nation employees. RITA ORA, KYLIE MINOGUE and Justin will all be attending the exclusive bash at posh London restaurant Hakkasan. "
Splash out - if you splash out on something, especially on a luxury, you buy it even though it costs a lot of money.
Quid - noun (pl. same) one pound sterling [British].
Bash [b ] bashes, bashing, bashed. A bash is a party or celebration, especially a large one held by an official organization or attended by famous people.
Posh adj if you describe something as posh, you mean that it is smart, fashionable, and expensive [Collins Dictionary]. The Sun. Published: 18th February 2013.
The next example is an example of slang words that can be encoded by readers in particular area that is why they can be defined both as slang and dialect words. "Nosh for less dosh. Dine out in style without putting a dent in your wallet. This is the best time of the year to find restaurant discounts."
Nosh [n ] noshes, noshing, noshed.
1) noun, uncountable - food can be referred to as nosh [British].
2) A nosh is a snack or light meal [American].
3) If you nosh, you eat.
Dosh [d ] noun, uncountable. Dosh is money [BRIT, Collins dictionary].
The Sun Published: 23rd January 2013. Another example of colloquialisms that is frequently used in newspapers is jargonisms. Such words are used to emphasis on the sphere of the news. Jargon requires work from a general readership. The presents of these words in newspaper is a signal to readers that special knowledge is required to understand the topic at hand. That is the problem for common readers and the great problem for foreign readers as they certainly need to consult with dictionary.
Hobbyists and enthusiasts also speak in jargon. In this case, the jargon usually refers to concepts which are of little interest to people who do not follow the activity under discussion. To people who are not engaged in the topic, these types of conversations can get very dull very quickly. For example:
"The Canaries keeper brought Jamie Mackie down for the spot kick, but then redeemed himself by saving from the Rangers star to earn a point for the away side...He said: "We have had two draws in two games and that has consolidated things for us. Now we have to get those valuable wins...The Odemwingie transfer fiasco would have been forgotten by Rangers fans had Taarabt's 56th-minute spot-kick not been saved by Mark Bunn. "
Draw - n, in a game or competition. If one person or team draws with another one, or if two people or teams draw, they have the same number of points or goals at the end of the game [mainly BRIT, Collins Dictionary].
Keepers n, countable. In soccer, the keeper is the same as the goalkeeper [BRIT].
In American football, a keeper is a play in which the quarterback keeps the ball. [AM, Collins Dictionary]
Spot-kick n. (Team Sports/Soccer) a free kick at the goal from a point (penalty spot) within the penalty area and 12 yards (about 11 m) from the goal, with only the goalkeeper allowed to defend it: awarded to the attacking team after a foul within the penalty area by a member of the defending team [The Free Dictionary online]. The daily Mirror. Published: 2 Feb. 2013. Jargon, in comparing to slang, masks real meaning. In most cases it carries no connotation. This research has shown that it is difficult to understand jargonisms for usual reader at the first glance. Although journalists can not avoid them because if they use simple words instead of terms preferable in particular topic of the newspaper will lose a great part of their audience.
References
1. Арнольд И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка. Ленинград:
Просвещение, 1981.
2. Гальперин И.Р. Очерки по стилистике английского языка. Ленинград:
Просвещение, 1973.
