CC BY
45
электронный научный журнал «apriori. cерия: гуманитарные науки»
www.apriori-journal.ru
№ 2 2016
УДК 82
THE TRANSITION OF ENGLISH ADVERBS IN PREPOSITIONS
Fomenko Larisa Nikolayevna
candidate of philological science
Academy of Marketing and Social Informational Technology (IMSIT)
Krasnodar
Abstract. This article deals with the problems of formation of the prepositions from different parts of speech, such as names and verbal forms, and most importantly the dialects of two languages: English and Russian. Also considered primary prepositions and part of the composite prepositions, which belong to the oldest layer of the vocabulary of the language.
Key words: prepositions, adverbs, diachronic aspect.
ПЕРЕХОД АНГЛИЙСКИХ НАРЕЧИЙ В ПРЕДЛОЖНЫЕ ФОРМЫ
Фоменко Лариса Николаевна
кандидат филологических наук
Академия маркетинга и социально-информационных технологий
(ИМСИТ), Краснодар
Аннотация. Данная статья посвящена решению проблем формирования предлогов из разных частей речи, таких как имена и глагольные формы, используя в основном диалекты двух языков: английского и русского. А также первичных предлогов и часть сложных предлогов, которые принадлежат к древнейшим слоям словарного состава языка.
Ключевые слова: предлоги, наречия, диахронический аспект.
The Indo-European language-based, according to numerous assurances of the Indo-European scientists, already existed adverbs that in modern Indo-European languages are represented by the case of non-derivative prepositions or adverbs. On the other hand, manifesting historical developments of the systems of different languages, prepositions enriched at the expense of other parts of speech. Pattern formation prepositions from adverbs, names, and verb forms are the same for Slavic-Germanic continuum, so in this article we turn to parallel the presentation of information about their genetic nature in two languages.
The diachronic aspect of the transition adverb in preposition is carried out in the case of a combination of an adverb with the name in an oblique case and semantic connection the adverb with case forms [3, p. 18]. The terms of the transition of adverbs in preposition the following: separation from the verb to which the adverb is treated as an adverbial word. Turning to the category of prepositions, adverbs combine with nouns, pronouns and numerals in any indirect case and are not the circumstances. They cease to be independent members of the sentence. As a member of the proposal deals only with all the combination of preposition and noun.
B.N. Aksenenko writes that prepositions formed from the dialects of the names (nouns, in rare cases of adjectives) or participles (in Russian from gerunds (Past Participle)) and may accordingly be divided into 1) adverbial 2) nounal and 3) verbal or participial [1, p. 57].
Adverbial prepositions may be subdivided into simple and primary, formed in ancient times from adverbs of place (in, on), and compound - of two, rarely three adverbs or prepositions (into, out, for, etc.). For example: There are some flowers in front of the house.
All primary prepositions and part of the complex and composite layer refers to an ancient layer of lexicon of the language. Primary prepositions, along with root words - the names and verbs, are among the most enduring elements of language that arose in the ancient times. Prepositional formation
of English is increasing of various reasons: first of all, the accumulation of analytical trends, transition of language to the analytical and synthetic type, complexity of syntax, due to increase in the structural complexity of the speech and the need to build new momentum prepositional semantic content. Prepositions are words that express the essential values of the communicative nature of the grammatical structure changed and saved for a number of eras. In Germanic languages the process was about the same: the development of analytism, loss of declinable system, the development of compensatory fragments of grammar, i.e, strengthening of communication and grammatical functions of prepositions.
As you can see, the conversion path is the typical: adverb, combined with the name, can have adjective forms, can verbalize, but if this does not happen, the adverb merges with the noun in one concept, and, moreover, dependent. Occupying a dominant position in relation to the next oblique case of a noun, an adverb in its significance and function becomes close to the preposition, and then goes into a preposition. Adverb in converted constructions differs from the preposition only if it has the possibility of independently be used followed by a noun. However, adverbs, combined with the oblique case of a noun, are so closed to prepositions to form a special group, which can be defined as «prepositions, adverbs» or «adverbial prepositions» [4, p. 34].
Facts of English show ever increasing communicative value of preposition. Latest process of formation does not stop and now. Of course, the primary preposions semantically overloaded, and at times with blurred meanings, no longer meet the requirements of a modern complex syntax. Developed and updated range of latest adverbial units, more accurately convey the new values. We compare in modern Russian Soviet newspeak prepositions: in the framework of the meeting, in the light of the party and government decisions.
It is clear that in contrast to the ancient adverbial prepositions are more specific and notional, lexically much more independent, and therefore value,
and shades of meaning expressed by them, some of those have many different meanings, which are expressed in the language of the ancient, nonderivative prepositions.
Список использованных источников
1. Aksenenko B.N. English prepositions. M., 1956.
2. Veselitsky V.V. Principles of supply of prepositions in dictionaries (on the mat Russian-English dictionaries.): Abstract ... cand. phil. sciences. M., 1959.
3. Isangalieva V.A. Russian prepositions and their equivalents in the Kazakh language. Almaty, 1959.
4. Shakhmatov A.A. Syntax Issue Russian language. 1. L.A., 2006.
