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THE STIENTIVE NATURE OF INNOVATION AND ITS IMPACT OF SOCIETY ON POSITIVE CHANGE Khodjaev S.B.
Khodjaev Sardor Bokhodirovich - Senior Teacher,
DEPARTMENT OF THEORY OF BUILDING A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY IN UZBEKISTAN,
HISTORY FACULTY, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article discusses the role of scientific research and various technical discoveries, developments, innovations created as a result of the socio-economic life of society and the market economy. The aspects of market economy and entrepreneurship related to innovation are revealed. It is known that the market economy and thinking are renewed, changed and transformed under the influence of the needs and requirements of the population. They are characterized by social mobility and dynamism.
Keywords: innovation, experience, research, social life, statism, pragmatism, market economy, entrepreneurship, marketing.
Mobility and dynamism bring innovations to life, activities, people's aspirations, they change, modernize or update everything. Thus, the open market relations created by capitalist relations, economic democracy turns out to be a factor of social innovation.The aspects of market economy and entrepreneurship related to innovation are based on the works of the Austrian economist J. Schumpeter in terms of science and scholarship. It is he who emphasizes that innovation is one of the main functions of an entrepreneur. Unlike other researchers, he believes that the "dynamic equilibrium" method is important in entrepreneurship [1]. In essence, this method means the replacement of existing means of production, methods, factors with effective new combinations, that is, to balance the production process through renewal. According to Schumpeter's scientific interpretation, the entrepreneur is constantly in the process of production. Discovers methods, new product creation, introduction of new technologies, means of product transfer and new markets. But Y. Schumpeter considers such functions to have a general economic character.
Another innovative feature of the market economy and entrepreneurship is that the needs of the population and the need for various services increase the need for innovative developments, such developments bring income to the owner, the labor community. Economists such as Y. Schumpeter, L. Mizes, F. von Hayek see innovation not only as a source of introduction of scientific and technical discoveries, but also as a source of income and activity expansion, support for initiatives [2]. Thus, innovation can be applied to a variety of activities, such as economics, finance, trade, team management, modernization of production processes and tools, staffing and retraining, planning and design, defining strategic objectives and ensuring their coherence.
A lot of research has been done in the U.S. and Europe on innovation and innovative marketing, and works have been published. Calling any new approach, type of activity and idea an innovation, looking at it as innovation is included in the basics of marketing and management. For example, U.S. researchers E. Rogers and P. Schniers describe "innovation as an idea that goes from its source, the inventor, to the user or his followers." In their opinion, innovation is a new idea, a new opinion, a new proposal. The subject that developed and founded this idea is an innovator. When the idea of an innovator spreads to others, passes, becomes their idea, takes place in his mind, consciousness, diffusion occurs, that is, the innovative idea spreads permanently. Innovation must take place in the minds of
consumers, management and marketing requirements motivate the innovator to constantly work on consumer demand, research [3].
F. Kotler, one of the theorists of the fundamentals of marketing and management, and his co-author K.L. Keller describe innovation as follows: "Innovation is an idea, service, or any product that is recognized as new by someone. The idea may have a long history, but anyone who encounters it for the first time will accept it as an innovation. It takes time for innovation to spread in society."[4] Apparently, F. Kotler and K.L. Keller look at innovation broadly, from a marketing and management perspective, so they also see new types of services and goods that are inherent in a market economy as innovation. For the formation of innovation, the processes associated with the consumer's consciousness and his perception of innovation are necessary. The purchase or acceptance of a service or product is the pinnacle of innovation. F. Kotler and K.L.Keller describe this process as [4]:
1) consumer awareness of innovation;
2) consumer interests and needs;
3) consumer price, ie whether the novelty is worth buying;
4) testing;
5) decision-making, ie the decision to purchase a type of goods or services.
Researchers emphasize that the type of product or service is purchased by the consumer.
If the consumer buys an innovation, directs his interest to it, seeks it, he will achieve the goal of the innovator (firm, corporation, management). The dialogue between the innovator and the consumer, the relationship follows the requirements of marketing, but the central point here is the consumer. An innovator studies his or her interests, needs, and wants and offers his or her idea, product, or service on that basis [5].
Clayton M.Kritensen, a professor at Harvard Business School. sees innovation as changes in marketing processes, capital investment, and firm management [6]. Apparently the researcher is referring to the change associated with the introduction of innovation. He divides innovation into "successful innovations" and "destructive innovations" and reveals through analysis of the activities of large companies that innovation can sometimes lead to negative results. This means that not all innovations give positive results, do not bring success. This conclusion is important in the analysis of innovation processes.
Former US President, big businessman D. Trump gives a social philosophical definition of innovation. He writes: "News is often called 'innovation'. In many cases, innovation is the unification of old parts into an unprecedented whole" [7]. "I don't recommend indulging in mysticism," he tells his students, "success in life requires common sense and hard work. Don't overlook things that are difficult to explain, they can lead to new ideas. After all, we do not create, we gather together what was created before us. Be an excellent collector in whatever field you are interested in and then you will be an inventor. The big mind needs a lot of thoughts and stimuli that don't keep it going, so try to keep your brain busy all the time. It could be your ticket to the world of lucky people" [7]. Apparently, the author focuses on increasing human intellectual activity. Throughout the book, you will come across Trump's ideas and recommendations with such pragmatic and innovative features.
Application of innovation in all spheres of social life is common in the work of CIS scientists. Therefore, today in the scientific literature, we will encounter a scientific significance of the terms, such as "social innovation", "medical innovation", "management innovation", "innovative tourism", "technical innovation", "financial innovation","innovation in culture and arts","pedagogical innovation","aesthetic innovation","innovative methods","innovative platforms","innovative
textbooks","innovative developments","innovative behavior" [8].
Various scientific interpretations of innovation suggest that it is a broad social reality. That is why scholars try to give him different interpretations. Y.V. Yakovets, a scientist from the CIS, describes innovation as "the introduction of new elements that increase productivity." In doing so, it focuses on increasing the efficiency of the activity. P.N. Zavlin, A.K. Kazantsev and L.E. Mindeli consider "use of results of intellectual
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(scientific and technical) activity". Hence, the authors are proponents of intellectual research and intellectual activity. F.F. Bezdudniy, G.A. Smirnova, O.D. Nechaeva point out that "the process of realization of a new idea". This process is a reality that serves the needs of the market and is cost-effective. S.V. Ildemenov, A.S. Ildemenov and V.P. Vorobev write that innovation is a complex process that serves to increase the efficiency of the enterprise. When they say complex process, they mean innovative idea, investment, implementation and the effectiveness of accounting. A.I. Anshin, A.A. Dagaev, considers the new scientific and technical discoveries as "the first application in practice." They see its first application as a sign of innovation. L.M. Goxberg called innovation "the end result in the form of a new or improved technological process", R.A. Fakhrutdinov considers "the final stage of innovation", and A.B. Titov "a completely new or modified tool (innovation) that gives results the end result of creation and mastering (introduction)". It is clear from these scientific interpretations that innovation is a reality, a process that permeates all spheres of social life. So, today there are profound changes in the social being, in the life of man and societies, aimed at renewal, humanity is striving to reorganize and elevate its existential existence. Innovative and modern development is shaping global thinking as an objective need, which encourages the constant search for innovation, the creation and discovery of new paradigms, models and archetypes of social consciousness.
References
1. Schumpeter J. The theory of economic development. Moscow: Economics, 1982. P. 189-190.
2. Makarova I.V. Entrepreneurship: stimulating innovative behavior: Yekaterinburg: ACCA, 1997.
3. RogersM.E. Diffusion of Innovations. N. Y. Free Press, 1983.
4. Kotler F., Keller K.L. Marketing management. Express course. 3rd ed. SPb.: Peter, 2008. P. 275.
5. Berry L.L., Parasuraman A. Marketing Servieces. Competing Through Guality. N.Y. Free Press, 1991.
6. Clayton M. Christensen. The innovator's dilemma. How strong companies die because of new technologies. Translation from English. 7th ed. Moscow: Alpina, 2018. P. 13.
7. Trump D. Think Like a Champion: The Tycoon's Revelations About Life and Business. Moscow: Publishing house "E", 2018. P. 19.
8. Avtonomov V.S. Man in the Mirror of Economic Theory. Moscow: RAS IME, Nauka, 1993.
