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Section 5. Technical sciences
26. Шиляев М. И., Хромова Е. М., Григорьев А. В., Тумашова А. В. Физико-математическая модель конденсационного процесса улавливания субмикронной пыли в форсуночном скруббере. Теплофизика и аэромеханика, - Том 18. № 3. 2011.
27. Шишкин Н. Е. Аэродинамика и тепломассообмен в пристенных закрученных одно- и двухфазных струях. Дисс. ... доктора техн. наук. Новосибирск: Институт теплофизики им. С. C. Кутателадзе, 2016.- 266 с.
28. Bazargan V. Effect of substrate cooling and droplet shape and composition on the droplet evaporation and the deposition of particles. Thesis. The University of British Columbia. March, 2014.
29. Guang Jin, Rui Tian, Xingwang Song, Wenfei Wu. Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Droplet Evaporation in High-Temperature Air. The Second China Energy Scientist Forum. 2010.
30. Misyura S. Y., Morozov V. S. Droplet Evaporation on a Heated Structured Wall. Thermal Science: Year -Vol. 23.- No. 2A. 2019.- P. 673-681.
Section 6. Chemistry
https://doi.org/10.29013/AJT-22-3.4-59-66
Ergashev Dilmurod Adiljonovich, Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Technology
Fergana Polytechnic Institute,
Khamdamova Shokhida Sherzodovna, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Chemical Technology Fergana Polytechnic Institute,
Mirzaolimov Akmal Nabiyevich, Assistant, Department of Chemical Technology Fergana Polytechnic Institute Eshpulatova Matluba Boymuradovna, Junior researcher of the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
THE SOLUBILITY OF COMPONENTS IN THE SYSTEM {99.7[30 MgSO4+70% H2O]+0.3%HNO3 •
• NH2C2H4OH-(NH4>6Mo7O24 • 4H2O
Abstract. The heterogeneous phase equilibrium in an aqueous system consisting of magnesium sulfate, monoethanolamine nitrate, and ammonium molybdate has been studied. It has been established that the system, including magnesium sulfate and monoethanolamine nitrate, belongs to a simple eutonic type, where the salting-out effect of the components on each other is observed. The dependence of changes in the physicochemical properties of solutions in a system containing MgSO4, HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH h (NH4)6Mo7O24 • 4H2O depending on the composition of the components was studied. A "composition-property" diagram of this system is constructed.
Keywords: fertilizers, MgSO4,MgSO4• 12H2O and MgSO4• 7H2O HNO3• NH2C2H4OH, (NH4)6 Mo7O24 • 4H2O, solubility diagram, the composition-properties diagram.
Introduction. In modern intensive technologies as common as the introduction of nitrogen, phospho-
for growing field crops, the fertilizer system provides rus and potassium. Somewhat less attention in the nu-
for the introduction ofnot only N, P2Os, K20, but also trition system was paid to providing plants with magne-
all the macro-and microelements necessary for the sium and calcium. Recently, scientists and agricultural
plant. The introduction ofsulphur has already become producers have been persistently and convincingly talk-
ing about the introduction of calcium as a nutrition element at much lower rates - 200-500 kg/ha.
As for magnesium, theoretically, everyone knows about the need to add it. In the composition of fertilizer mixtures, magnesium is contained in a smaller amount, or its content is lower compared to sulphur. Therefore, it is this, somewhat underestimated, an element that can become a limiting factor in the further growth of field crop yields.
Physiological role magnesium is associated with an effect on the activity of many enzymes. It plays an important role in the process of photosynthesis - it activates an enzyme that catalyzes the participation of CO2 in photosynthesis. It is directly involved in the synthesis ofATP - the energy carrier in plants. Due to the use of the energy of the ATP molecule, the plant synthesizes glucose from carbon dioxide and water - the first link in the complex chain of photosynthesis. It not only participates in the synthesis of carbohydrates, but also ensures their transportation to the underground part of the plant, due to which a well-developed root system is formed, and in winter crops, the sugar content also increases and frost resistance increases [1].
At present, much attention is paid to the production of complex liquid fertilizers containing N, Ca, P205, and K20, as well as plant protection products, physiologically active substances, etc. Of particular interest is the study of the combined use of liquid fertilizers with physiologically active substances that accelerate the growth and development of plants and increase crop yields. One of such representatives of physiologically active substances is monoethanol-ammonium nitrate [2; 3].
This article is devoted to research on the production of liquid fertilizer containing Mg, N, Mo, and S and a physiologically active substance. In this regard, the following main research tasks were set and solved:
- Study ofsolubility in a system consisting of water, magnesium sulfate and monoethanolamine nitrate in a wide temperature and concentration range [4];
- Study of the refractive index, viscosity, density, and pH of the medium at 20 °C in the sys-
tem [30%MgSO40,3%HNO3 • nh2c2h4oh] -"(NH4)6Mo7024 • 4H2O;
Objects and methods of research. The following were used in the work: MgS04 • 7H20, HN03 • • NH2C2H40H, (NH4)6Mo7024 • 4H20 of analytical grade.
For the study, a 30% aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate was used, which is a transparent solution with a slightly yellowish tint, odourless. The drug dissolves well in water with the formation ofhomogeneous solutions. Crystallization temperature 19.7-19.9 °C.
The second component is liquid monoethanolamine nitrate (LMEA), which we synthesized based on nitric acid and monoethanolamine [5; 6] at an equimolar ratio of components 1:1. The synthesized compound HN03 • NH2C2H40H is a concentrated solution, slightly cinnamon in colour, and highly soluble in water. Boiling point 145 °C, crystallization point -8.0 °C, pH of aqueous solutions 5.35. The third component is the crystalline salt (NH4)6Mo7024 • 4H20. Ammonium molybdate tet-rahydrous (analytically pure) was obtained by mixing ethanol with a concentrated ammonia solution of molybdenum (VI) oxide.
When studying the solubility of phases in physi-cochemical systems, the visual-polythermal method was used [4]. The viscosity of solutions was measured using a VPZh (Bn^)-type viscometer [7] with a capillary diameter of 1.16-1.32 mm. Results accuracy ± 0.0001-10-lm2/s. The density of the studied compounds and solutions was determined pycnometrically [8]. The pH of solutions was measured according to the procedure [9] on an FE-20 METTLER TOLEDO pH meter.
Results and discussion. To elucidate the behaviour of the components in the process of obtaining a liquid fertilizer based on magnesium sulfate, nitrate monoethanolammonium and ammonium molybdate, the solubility in the MgS04-- HN03 • NH2C2H40H-H20 system (Fig. 1., Table 1.) was studied by the visual-polythermal method [4].
H20 ..........^u ™ ou MgS04Macc.,%
Figure 1. Polythermal solubility diagram of the system MgSO4-HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH-H2O Table 1.- Double and triple points of the MgSO4-HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH-H2O system
The composition of the liquid phase, wt.% Crystal temperature,°C solid phase
MgSO4 HNO • NH C H OH 3 2 2 4 H2O
1 2 3 4 5
12.2 - 87.8 -4.0 Ice + MgSO4-12H2O
11.4 9.2 79.4 -4.4 -
10.2 18.0 71.8 -4.6 -
9.1 27.6 63.3 -4.9 -
8.0 37.0 55.0 -6.0 -
3.0 71.8 25.2 -17.6 -
2.8 74.0 23.2 -22.2 Ice + MgSO4 • 12H20+ +HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH
2.0 75.2 21.0 -21.4 Ice + HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH
1.2 79.0 19.8 -20.4 -
- 80.6 19.4 -20.1 Ice + HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH
1.4 78.0 20.6 -14.2 hno3 • nh2c2h4oh + MgSO4 • • 12h2o
3.0 80.4 16.6 -8.4 -
1 2 3 4 5
3.7 81.6 14.7 -7.6 -
8.2 91.8 - 2.0 -
16.5 - 83.5 2.0 MgSO4 • 12H2O + MgSO4 • 7H2O
16.0 9.2 74.8 2.2 -
17.0 9.0 74.0 2.6 -
14.4 23.0 62.6 3.4 -
13.8 26.0 60.2 3.8 -
13.0 35.0 52.0 5.3 -
14.4 85.6 - 28.0 -
On the solubility diagram, the largest field of crystallization belongs to magnesium sulfate hep-tahydrate, since it has a lower solubility compared to other components of the system. It follows from the given data that no formation of new compounds based on the initial components is observed in the studied system. The system is of a simple type, which means that the components of the system, when presented together, retain their individuality and physiological activity.
Table 2.- Water solubility data for
The solubility of the binary system of monoetha-nolammonium nitrate in water was studied from the freezing point of -20.1 to -2.0 °C. Based on the data obtained, the crystallization branches of ice, nitric acid, monoethanolamine and monoethanolamine nitrate were established. The composition and crystallization temperature was determined at figurative points of the system. With the establishment of the quantitative composition of liquid and solid phases, which are given (Table 2., Fig. 2.).
the HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH-H2O system
№ Liquid phase composition,% Tcr., °C solid phase
HNO3 • H2NC2H4OH H2O
1 2 3 4 5
1 - 100 0 Ice
2 2.8 97.2 -0.2 Same
3 6.3 93.7 -0.4 -
4 11.1 88.9 -0.8 -
5 16.7 83.3 -1.1 -
6 22.5 77.5 -1.8 -
7 30.6 69.4 -2.4 -
8 37.2 62.8 -3.1 -
9 42.2 57.8 -4.4 -
10 46.9 53.1 -5.7 -
11 51.4 48.6 -7.0 -
12 56.0 44.0 -8.2
13 61.2 38.8 -10.3 -
14 65.0 35.0 -11.9 -
15 68.2 31.8 -13.2 -
16 72.5 27.5 -15.8 -
1 2 3 4 5
17 76.7 23.3 -17.5 -
18 78.4 21.6 -18.8 -
19 80.57 19.43 -20.1 Ice + HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH
20 81.2 18.8 -18.6 HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH
21 82.1 17.9 -16.8 Same
22 83.9 16.1 -14.0 -
23 86.0 14.0 -11.2 -
24 88.0 12.0 -8.8 -
25 89.8 10.2 -7.4 -
26 92.0 8.0 -5.8 -
27 93.9 6.1 -4.2 -
28 96.1 3.9 -3.5 -
29 98.0 2.0 -2.4 -
30 100 - -2.0 -
From the above solubility data, it can be seen (Table 1) that monoethanolamine nitrate is very soluble in water. Based on the data obtained, we have
constructed a polythermal solubility diagram for the binary system HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH-H2O.
1-г
XI n 20 40 60 80
H2<J HNOj-NHjQHiOH масс., %
Figure 2. Solubility diagram of the binary system HNO3-NH2C2H4OH-H2O
Solubility in binary systems consisting of sodi- by many authors, our results are in good agreement um tricarbamide chlorate and water, MgSO4-H2O with the literature [10-20]. and HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH-H2O has been studied
For the physicochemical substantiation of the process of obtaining sulfur-containing fertilizer with physiological activity, we studied the MgSO4--HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH system. On its polythermal solubility diagram, crystallization branches were revealed: HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH, MgSO4 • 12H2O and MgSO4 • 7H2O (Fig. 3).
iyc .
60- IM**
sn- f M oc
411-
I'M0'« 28,0'C
20-
10-
0* ff^ 2.0 c
10
HJVOyrMHJCaH4OH
20
\lgSO4 MüL'C., °/a
Figure 3. Polythermal solubility diagram of a binary system HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH-MgSO4
To develop technological standards for the process and recommend a technology for obtaining liquid fertilizer based on magnesium sulfate and a physiologically active substance (HNO3-NH2C2H4OH), the dependence of changes in the rheological properties of solutions on the composition in the MgSO4-
HNO3-NH2C2H4OH-(NH4)6Mo7O24 system was studied.
To elucidate the effect of components on the physicochemical properties of solutions of the above system, the dependence of the change in crystallization temperature, medium pH, viscosity and density of solutions on the composition was determined. Based on the data obtained, a "composition-property" diagram of this system was constructed (Fig. 4, Table 3).
pOWMflSO, I ti,™<>|■ mTjC,n,01 i]
Figure 4. Dependence of the change in crystallization temperature (1), pH (2), density (3) and viscosity (4) of solutions on the composition in the system {99.7%[30%MgSO4+70% H2O]+0.3%HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH} --(NH4)6Mo7O24 • 4H2O
Table 3.- Dependence of the change in the physicochemical properties of solutions on the composition in the {99,7%[30%MgSO4+70%H2O]+ 0,3%HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH}-(NH4)6Mo7O24 • 4H2O system
№ {99.7%[30%MgSO4+70%H2Oj + +0,3%HNO3NH2C2H4OH} (NH4)6M07O24^ 4H2O Tkr pH d g/cm3 mm2/s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 100 - -1.8 7.65 1.20661 2.37706
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 99.22 0.78 -3.0 4.34 1.22100 2.45001
3 99.08 0.92 -4.0 4.35 1.22003 2.44904
4 98.92 1.08 -1.2 4.36 1.22302 2.450825
5 98.78 1.22 -1.0 4.38 1.226541 2.47510
6 98.54 1.46 -0.8 4.42 1.231830 2.49890
7 98.14 1.86 -0.6 4.47 1.23656 2.54545
8 97.37 2.63 -1.0 4.50 1.24297 2.61480
9 95.85 4.15 -2.8 4.60 1.25954 2.72533
10 93.69 6.31 -5.3 4.74 1.27933 2.85267
Figure 4 shows that in the process of dissolution {99,7%[30%MgSO4+70%H2O]+0.3% HNO3-NH2C2H4OH} in (NH4)6Mo7O24- 4H2O sharp breaks are observed on the curves of crystallization temperature and pH again formed solutions at content 0.92% t -4.0 °C; pH 4.35; d g/cm3 1.22003; mm2/s 2,44904. On the curves of density (3) and viscosity (4), the break is not so obvious due to the very small amount of additives. This is explained by the fact that within the studied ranges of component concentrations at breakpoints in the system there is a phase transition from ice to mixtures of salts of magnesium sulfate, monoethanolamine nitrate and ammonium molybdate.
Conclusion. Thus, the mutual influence of the components in the {99.7%[30% MgSO4+70%H2O] + +0.3% HNO3 • NH2C2H4OH}-(NH4)6Mo7O24 system was studied and the composition of a new liquid fertilizer based on monoethanolammonium nitrate and ammonium molybdate was recommended.
To select the optimal ratio of components in the fertilizer composition based on magnesium sulfate and monoethanolammonium nitrate, preliminary agrochemical tests of various compositions on cot-
ton were carried out. The results showed that the composition of the fertilizer, in which the ratio of the components [30% MgSO4+70%H2O] and HNO3 • • NH2C2H4OH equal to 1.(4 : 0.006 -0.008 has a high agrochemical activity, and also has a positive effect on accelerating the ripening and opening of cotton bolls.
The obtained research results serve as a scientific basis for the development of a technology for obtaining liquid fertilizers of complex action.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references to this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to the authors/ editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.
In addition, the authors express gratitude to the head of the Fergana Polytechnic Institute and the scientific community of the Department of Chemical Technology for their assistance in carrying out this research work.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
The Source of funding is nil.
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