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18THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY
Shakhnoza Makhmudova
Student of KarSU
Kuvonchbek Toshkentov
Student of KarSU
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the role and importance of tourism in the country's economy, including tourism terms and statistics.
Keywords: tourism, travel, tourist, tourism, tourist centers
In the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Tourism" the concept of "tourism" refers to 'to leave (travel) for a period of one year without contact.' According to the law, "a tourist is an individual traveling through the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan or to another country (departure from the place of permanent residence for tourism purposes)." The law also defines many other terms, subjects, objects related to tourism, each of which can be a material for separate scientific research. The basic economic principles of tourism are as follows: arrival of a tourist to a tourist center; purchase of tourist services, work and goods must leave the country within the specified period.
The tourist should not take money from the tourist center, but bring money to it, create jobs for the locals without taking a job. Tourist resources should bring money and fame to the tourist center.
Tourism is a system of applied sciences related to tourism and tourist services to citizens. These disciplines cover two branches of tourism - the industry and tourism businesses (tourism enterprises). Tourism as a science of tourism and tourist services to citizens consists of the following three elements: organization; management; economy.
Tourism is becoming the world's largest trade network. It is now the world's third-largest exporter of goods and services, after oil and the automotive industry, accounting for 10 percent of world exports and 35 percent of trade in services. will come. Even businesses that sell precious metals and stones, diamonds, and weapons lag behind tourism in terms of profitability.
The share of tourism services in the GDP of Iran, Malaysia and other developing countries is 2.2-4.9%. It should be noted that this figure is much higher in the world's tourist centers - France, Spain, Turkey, Georgia and Italy. From these figures, we can conclude that the tourism business is one of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy. International tourism is one of the three largest export sectors after oil and automotive. According to other sources, tourism is the most profitable sector of the world economy. The tourism industry employs 60% of the world's workforce.
According to the data, in 2000, worldwide tourism revenues amounted to $ 621 billion, and by 2020 this figure will reach $ 2 trillion.
The importance of the tourism business in the country's economy is great. The tourism business is a for-profit tourism activity, mainly for the purpose of providing services to tourists. In order to determine the specifics of the modern stages of tourism development, it is necessary to consider at least the general aspects of the history of tourism. Modern tourism, on the one hand, developed after World War II. On the other hand, it has deep historical roots, because travel has been inherent in humanity since ancient times. The earliest forms of tourism originated in ancient times.
The ancient Romans were the first travelers in history. Although their travels did not extend beyond the borders of the empire, the Roman Empire's vast territory contributed to the development of tourism. In the Middle Ages, the crisis of the state led to the collapse of hotels and pubs and the impoverishment of the population. By the end of the Middle Ages, with the development of trade, travel began to resume. The Renaissance had a major impact on tourism.
In 2010, the growth rate of tourism services in the country was 112.7%, and the volume of services provided amounted to 46.8 billion soums, and by 2020 these figures will double. The flow of tourists amounted to 937.1 thousand people or 100.4% of the plan.
The number of Uzbek hotels has increased, and the number of tourists visiting hotels has increased. The Uzbektourism National Company has purchased new vehicles and equipment to improve inventory and special hotel equipment and tourist services.
The cost of hotel services amounted to 97.6 billion soums. 76% of the population travels to CIS countries - Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and 24% to other countries -Turkey, China, UAE, South Korea, Israel and Georgia.
As a first step in creating a monetary economic model for the development of the national tourism sector in Uzbekistan, the National Company "Uzbektourism" was established on the basis of a centralized model of tourism development. In order to develop national tourism, a comprehensive program of targeted use of foreign capital and technology in the field of tourism has been developed for the construction of high-quality hotels, campsites and other tourist facilities.
Many historical architectural monuments are being restored with the help of foreign capital. Of the 550 attractions in the country, 200 are in need of restoration. The implementation of the monetary concept of regulating the development of national tourism in the country can be achieved through the use of financial lending mechanisms that ensure changes in the tourism sector. The material and technical base of national tourism in the country is very unevenly distributed.
According to 2020 data, Tashkent region accounts for 44% of the tourist base, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khorezm tourist regions for 37%, Fergana region for 16% and
other regions for 7%. At present, Uzbekistan is actively pursuing a policy aimed at developing domestic tourism.
At the same time, the number of hotels, camps, camps, motels serving tourists has reached 1,000, and even houses and apartment hotels have been established, which are making a lot of money from the tourism business. Every city, even the largest district centers, has hotels with different forms of ownership. They mainly serve the citizens of Uzbekistan.
The work done by the state to develop tourism is to promote the expansion and strengthening of interethnic ties in the country and its integration into the international tourism market, promotion of cultural, historical and spiritual heritage to the world community, as well as the quality of tourist services to international standards. is carried out in order to raise. In particular, the State Program for the Development of Tourism in Uzbekistan until 2014 and the composition of the Coordinating Council for its implementation were approved. Motives have a direct impact on the growth of travel and are important. And after 2019, tourists have developed a tourism economy based on motives.
Motives are divided into the following groups:
Tourism motives. The purpose of the trip (motivation, motivates the person to travel) is the reason for his trip, and if there was no reason, the trip would not have taken place. First of all, based on information about the purpose of travel, tourist flow and route management, it is necessary to divide the markets into sectors and identify target markets using models. It should be borne in mind that the sole purpose of traveling gupuh, that is, traveling together, is zilrat. Therefore, management needs to answer the question of how it can be integrated into the system of travel motives.
Physical motivation. Physical motivation includes recreation, treatment, and sports. If the main goal is to restore physical strength, the first thing to do is rest, and so on.
Psychological motivation. The main psychological motivation for travel is to leave the daily routine and see new things, change the environment and relax. Changing impressions is also a psychological motivation. These two psychological and physical motivations are just as interesting in management as they are in modern tourism.
Interpersonal motivation. Significantly, physical and psychological motivation is followed by interpersonal motivation. Most people travel for social reasons. They want to interact with other tourists or meet locals.
Consistent development of the tourism industry in Uzbekistan has allowed the country to be included in various international rankings in this area. In particular, over the past year, Uzbekistan has been named the most popular tourist destination by about 10 prestigious publications (The New York Times, USA, The Guardian, UK), rating companies and portals (Crescent Rating, Wegoplace). recognized as one of the countries.
Earlier this year, the United Nations World Tourism Organization recognized Uzbekistan as the fastest growing country in the tourism industry. Our country took the fourth place in the ranking, leaving behind such countries as South Korea, Turkey, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. It should be noted that the improvement of industry statistics in 2018 allowed the Republic of Uzbekistan for the first time to enter the statistical collection "Compendium of Tourism Statistics 2013-2017" of the World Tourism Organization.
For reference: The Compendium of Tourism Statistics is an annual database of key tourism statistics from more than 200 countries, compiled by the World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC), the World Bank and other international organizations. serves as a source. It should be noted that Uzbekistan ranks 183rd in the WTTC, one of the most prestigious international rankings in the field of tourism.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 13.08.2019 No PF-5781 "On measures to further develop the tourism industry in the Republic of Uzbekistan" to address existing problems in the tourism infrastructure, improve the quality of services provided and In order to increase the effectiveness of reforms in the tourism sector through the active promotion of tourism products, strengthening the human resources of the tourism industry and a sharp increase in the number of foreigners entering the country, as well as the concept of tourism development in Uzbekistan in 2019-2025. The main directions have been identified. According to him, part of the costs of tourism entities and airlines for the organization of charter flights from foreign countries to Uzbekistan for each foreign tourist, if he stays in the country for at least five nights, $ 20, in winter (from November 20). Until February 20) in the amount of $ 50 from the State Budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Extrabudgetary Fund for Tourism and Sports Support under the Ministry of Tourism and Sports in equal shares. At the same time, part of the cost of charter flights to Uzbekistan from January 1, 2022 to January 1, 2023 will be $ 10 per foreign tourist, and in winter (November 20 to February 20) - $ 25. Reimbursed from the state budget.
Only domestically produced souvenirs are sold on the territory of cultural heritage sites and state-protected historical or cultural monuments included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Also, negotiations with investors to attract investment in tourism, signing investment agreements and contracts with them, as well as the commitment of
investors to implement the project, in accordance with the established procedure "E-PERFORMANCE AUCTION" »A proposal was made and accepted to raise the issue of submission through the electronic trading platform.
The State Committee for Tourism Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade of the Republic of Uzbekistan provide for the development of road infrastructure and the organization of tourism services along highways from Khanabad, Andijan region to Termez, Surkhandarya region. The goal of establishing a tourist transport corridor "Uzbekistan Tourism Highway" to the city of Muynak in the Republic of Karakalpakstan has been raised. It is the development of domestic tourism that remains one of the key issues to be addressed.
Traveling to the unique and beautiful places of our country, visiting the centuries-old historical monuments, enjoying the priceless gifts of beautiful nature are among the factors that serve to further enhance human spirituality. Ensuring the implementation of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 3, 2018 "On additional organizational measures to create favorable conditions for the development of tourism potential of the Republic of Uzbekistan", as well as sustainable socio-economic development The Resolution "On measures to ensure the accelerated development of domestic tourism" adopted in order to accelerate the development of domestic tourism, to acquaint citizens with the cultural and historical heritage and natural resources of the country is one of the important events in the social life of our country. ldi. According to the resolution, "Travel around Uzbekistan!" approved a plan of practical measures for the implementation of the program of development of domestic tourism. The State Committee for Tourism Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan and a number of public organizations together with the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent city khokimiyats within a month to organize tours and excursions in the regions and organizations The assignment of the approval task will provide ample opportunity for thousands of our elders, young people and women, as well as our compatriots serving in various labor communities to enjoy the tourism potential of our country.
It should be noted that the resolution pays special attention to the regularity of information and advocacy activities to attract young people to entrepreneurship in the field of tourism. creates a solid foundation for finding. Advocacy organizations and the media "Travel around Uzbekistan!" Activity in the promotion of domestic tourism through the development and installation of outdoor advertising media (banners and commercials for outdoor screens) under the motto will increase the effectiveness of organizational and practical work in the field of tourism.
Orphans, children from low-income families, people with disabilities, provided that at least 20 percent of their total number is covered by charitable funds, as well as , which is carried out annually at the expense of funds provided for in the State Budget of the
Republic of Uzbekistan, shows that strong social protection is sustainable. According to this document, for pensioners and war and labor veterans - own funds, funds and charitable funds of the Fund "Nuroniy" to support the social activities of veterans of Uzbekistan, for active women - own funds, funds of the Women's Committee of Uzbekistan, funds and charitable funds of the Public Charitable Foundation "Mahalla", and for community activists and young families The fact that the Mahalla Public Charitable Foundation will be reimbursed on an equal footing is an expression of the priority of human interests and expands the opportunities for all our compatriots to enjoy tourism services.
In order to further develop domestic tourism and improve tourism infrastructure, the establishment of small tourism zones in the regions will play a positive role in the creation of new jobs.
At the same time, all the structures of our party, each of our comrades, aim to be active in communicating the essence of this decision to the general public, to promote its importance among the citizens.
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