CC BY
15
Ganjayeva M.M.
teacher
Urganch state university
THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL
STABILITY
Abstract: In this article, the role of tourism in the environment and its stability, in particular, how the influence of this sector on nature, natural resources, in a word, on the ecosystem, is increasing with the rapid development of tourism and tourism industry in recent years. Using the methods of geographical systematic analysis, geographical comparison and extrapolation to reveal the intended tasks, proposals and recommendations were made to reveal the positive and negative changes of some regions of the world during the development of tourism.
Key words: Tourism, agrotourism, ecotourism, international tourism, environment, ecosystem, natural resources, tourism, cruise travel, tourism industry.
Despite the fact that tourism is close to nature and demanding on the quality of the environment, it is an industry that is widely used, as well as a large number of different types of resources. That is why, along with the rapid development, which is explained by large numbers, it is also worthwhile for tourism to note an increase in the environmental impact, the resources it consumes and the emissions indicators. At the same time, the expansion of the territories used to create tourist infrastructure is also an important issue.
It should be noted that the negative consequences of tourism are now faced by more developing countries, especially those that do not have the technical and financial capabilities to compensate for the resources spent by tourists and eliminate the household waste released by them. Such waste, by its size, is becoming more abundant from the waste generated from the daily activities of the total population of the country, which is an object of Tourism. For example, in Nepal, where hiking trips are the most popular type of active tourism, at a time when the lack of fuel resources in the country is acute, every tourist, according to estimates, is recorded to lose by burning 6 kg of tree wood every day. One large hotel in Cairo, the capital of Egypt, uses electricity, which can be spent by 3,600 households of Egyptians with an average income. The demand for seafood by tourists in the Caribbean Basin is so high that the dish brings the edge to shrimp and mollusks. Chasing after the "natural" building material leads to the loss of resources of one or another nature.
Many amazing places on the planet, including nature reserves, suffer only as a result of the entry of tourists with "nature shin guards", which leads to the loss of biodiversity of these places.
In tourism, the flow of waste water into rivers and seas, transport waste containing carbon two oxides and nitrogen oxides, as well as the release of garbage and other solid waste (for example, as cruise ships with tourists emit 70,000 tons of waste per year to the Caribbean alone) lead to environmental pollution. The construction of objects in the tourist direction and the development of infrastructure also have a negative impact on the natural environment. For example, the sand layers of the Mediterranean coast between Spain and Sicily have disappeared as a result of their separation, mainly for constructions intended to serve tourists.
In these countries, there are 130 tourists per person of the local population. This, on the one hand, stimulates the production of all the products that tourists need for istemoli, burdens service networks with work, on the other hand, it can interfere with the meiotic lifestyle of citizens, due to changes in market conditions and seasonality, generating unemployment and social conflicts.
A high level of Monopoly will be characteristic of the tourism industry, since it will be common for services and profits to accumulate in the hands of a small number of international corporations. In most countries, the bulk of tourist facilities will be owned by foreign capital. There must be fair equality between the local participant and the investor. The local population, which is the main source of the labor force, should be interested in the work that is interesting and well paid, participate not only in the lowest level of employment, but also in good work.
The tourism industry is one of the only industries in which developing countries supply quality products in the world market. These countries receive income from tourism, while the main majority of tourists come here from economically and industrially highly developed and leading countries. This clearly manifested process suggests that countries whose industrial production is poorly developed and maintains their natural environment, industrially developed, receive indirect benefits from the economic production of states that have achieved leadership, even if it causes harm to their ecology.
Consequently, the increasing globalization of the world economy requires global Freemasonry, both in conservation and conservation. But the development of a tourist (almost completely export-oriented) network in developing countries leads to the emergence of a number of problems. They will apply mainly to the cultural and social spheres, to a lesser extent they will be characteristic of the natural environment.
Tourism is a powerful factor in social change. International tourism will be a great impetus for the transition from a traditional lifestyle to the style of modern Western society. Consequently, Tourism, most often, is the reason for the entry of new trends in the social sphere. Most often, they contradict the traditional values that exist in this society and resist many years of cultural traditions.
The tourism industry should support projects that include cultural and other characteristics of the local population, aimed at preserving the cultural heritage of nations. It is necessary to focus on the preservation of income from tourism - historical and cultural monuments, traditions, national traditions, since, together with the fact that tourists are demanding on the state of the environment, they are also interested in specific and unique services. Various festivals, national holidays and other events can be a good factor in the strong competition between different countries in the tourist market.
For recreation to most tourists, the most optimal place is considered to be places where there is no harmful effect of production enterprises and vehicles. Only for a narrow circle of specialists and enthusiasts - ecologists, pure preserved nature is based on such concepts as biodiversity, tropical forests and ecosystems.
It is important for tourists to spread the ideas of careful attitude towards nature and other places of attention during their travels, to increase the level of enrichment with cultural information. In tourists, environmental thinking and behavior in subsequent years are very common, which is definitely respected.
Tourism should be such that it:
- should benefit the local population;
- should strengthen the local economy;
- must train and recruit local labor;
- must take into account the rational use of available resources and building materials, local agricultural products and the specifics of the territory.
Tourism develops mainly in regions with a satisfactory ecological situation and economic incentives for conservation activities in them. On the other hand, the uncontrolled development of Tourism causes damage to the environment. Tourism also has an indirect impact on the environment, that is, it affects the mentality, behavior, lifestyle changes of the local population and tourists, and ultimately also changes their attitude to natural resources.
In Rio de Janeiro (1992-th.) very little has been said about travel and tourism at the ecological summit. The meeting was attended by one of two organizations involved in tourism-the World Council on travel and tourism, the topic, in addition to other issues, was considered. But on the agenda set for the 21st century, the tourism and travel industry was praised as a great potential that could effectively contribute to sustainable development in all regions of the planet.
It is important to understand this potential, as well as to ensure well-being, social development and organization of workplaces in all countries, since both the poorest countries and their identity in relation to other countries achieve a certain priority with their cultural, historical or natural heritage that attracts most travelers.
In relation to the sectors of economic activity that are engaged precisely in production, the tourism and travel industry does not pollute the atmosphere with
the waste of factories and, engaged in the extraction of Natural Resources, does not put the environment in a bad state. In addition, the real scale of the tourism industry, as a rule, air transportation, hotel business and the catering system, often came to mind not as a component of a holistic complex to meet the mass and regularly increasing demand for tourist and business trips, but as an independent type of Service.
At present, both the tourism and travel industry within the framework of the government, industrialists and consumers have realized that it can help to achieve environmental and social stability. This applies to both young market economy States and industrially developed countries. At the same time, one should not turn a blind eye to the problem of the obvious influence of the industry, which transports millions of people a day, provides them with a place to spend the night, saturates their stomachs and organizes rest, and is engaged in construction by changing landscapes, ensuring the activities of local residents. Of course, these problems should not be overlooked. With the help of rational planning and construction, rational use of opportunities, a lot of work can be carried out. The World Council on travel and Tourism approved a multifaceted strategy for the widespread promotion of the culture of sustainable development and formed a changing structure for achieving this goal.
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