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Badalov U.N. assistant independent researcher Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute Orcid: 0000-0003-4983-6805
THE ROLE OF QUALITY DOCUMENTS AND TESTING LABORATORIES IN CERTIFICATION
Abstract. The provision of certification with quality documents is determined by standards or other technical documents, specifying the requirements for products subject to certification, as well as the control of testing and measurements in the certification process.
Keywords: Quality, technical documents, certification, standards, products, measurements.
In certification, separate requirements are established for the standards used in certification. The quantitative values and measurement methods, as well as the requirements for marking and storage, must be specified for the certification of products subject to control in certification. If the maximum storage period of the product is specified, it undergoes testing again upon expiration [1]. Typically, the national certification system is based on national standards, but in some cases, countries may use international standards directly, as exemplified by referring to IEC standards for electrical equipment safety. Certainly, in international systems and agreements, certification is carried out based on international standards or other technical procedures. It should be noted that in the production of such standards, the national standard of a country is adopted, which, in turn, creates certain conveniences for that country. The production and utilization of high-quality documents in the international systems and agreements have their specific features. For example, even if there are no specific standards for certifying electronic equipment, if they comply with the general requirements established by IEC and are agreed upon between the producer and the user, the use of other high-quality documents is allowed [2]. Usually, the development of standards and high-quality documents in countries that conduct certification is carried out by special groups of representatives of the state bodies in the framework of international systems and agreements.Certification of a product by a third party is a widely used practice in the process of verifying the conditions of its production. This, in turn, contributes to building confidence in the fact that the product is manufactured in accordance with the specified quality level. Such verification is carried out independently by an authorized organization, and it involves ensuring that the product is produced at a certain level of quality. The production of the product is based on specific technical documents, and the product undergoes testing and measurements according to established methods. The state bodies'
representatives, together with the development of the laws of the countries, participate in the control of compliance with the requirements for the safety of the product and the environment. This experience leads to the creation of a national system for the production of certificates by creating special testing laboratories [3]. The state controls the laboratories in terms of their technical competence, integrity, or even just their integrity. The official procedure for accrediting a laboratory is known as attestation.The necessary documents for accrediting a laboratory include the laboratory's accreditation requirements, the expert examination of the documents presented for accreditation, the appointment of a commission to check the accredited laboratory, determination of the accreditation period, issuance of the accreditation certificate, official publication of the laboratory's accreditation, registration, and delivery.Accredited laboratories keep legal documents, the regulation of accredited testing, the passport of the accredited laboratory, and the accreditation certificate. The methods of accrediting laboratories are carried out independently in each country. Laboratories that conduct any testing are eligible for national accreditation. The accreditation of a laboratory is carried out by submitting an application to the relevant authority. Together with the application, a questionnaire filled out by the laboratory, a copy of the materials submitted for accreditation, an expert examination of the materials submitted for accreditation, the appointment of a commission to check the accredited laboratory, the determination of the accreditation period, the decision to approve the laboratory's accreditation, the official certification of its accreditation, registration, and submission [4]. After the accreditation is approved, the laboratory is issued an attestation with information about the name of the accredited product and the type of testing.The documents for accrediting a laboratory include the presentation and examination of information, testing methods and the results of accreditation, expert examinations, and laboratory staff qualifications. The accredited laboratory has the right to submit the necessary documents for the testing of the product. It is important to note that these documents should be filled out correctly and be complete. The attestation procedure is carried out to confirm the laboratory's technical competence and integrity or just integrity. When attesting a laboratory, the technical qualifications and completeness of its material and technical base, the availability of testing and other tools for accreditation rights, the correct application of testing methods, and the assurance of the effectiveness of the system, the independent and responsible place of the laboratory in relation to the consumer and industry-specific obligations that are not affected are taken into account.Accreditation of laboratories is carried out in accordance with national laws and requirements. It is essential to follow the recommended standards and procedures for conducting testing and measurements in laboratories and for accreditation. Each laboratory must have qualified personnel and practical experience. The laboratory's technical and organizational competence, the presence of testing equipment and tools, obtaining the right to accredit, ensuring
the availability of material and technical resources, the use of testing and measurement methods, and compliance with accreditation rights, the effectiveness of the system, the correct use of testing methods, and ensuring the reliability of the results are taken into account.The accreditation process includes the provision of the necessary information and documents for accreditation, the examination of the materials submitted for accreditation, the appointment of a commission to check the accredited laboratory, the determination of the accreditation period, the decision to approve the laboratory's accreditation, the official certification of its accreditation, registration, and delivery [5]. Accredited laboratories are required to comply with specific requirements, and their work is subject to regular checks to ensure the maintenance of accreditation rights.The attestation process includes the provision of necessary information and documents for attestation, the examination of the materials submitted for attestation, the appointment of a commission to check the accredited laboratory, the determination of the attestation period, the decision to approve the laboratory's attestation, the official certification of its attestation, registration, and submission. The procedures for accrediting laboratories may vary depending on the country, and the systems for implementing them differ in various countries.Currently, the accreditation of laboratories is a widespread practice and is to some extent standardized. The accreditation process includes the assessment of the laboratory's readiness, the examination of accreditation documents, the appointment of a commission to check the accredited laboratory, the determination of the accreditation period, the decision to approve the laboratory's accreditation, the official certification of its accreditation, registration, and delivery. Depending on the specific characteristics of the laboratory's work and the level of its technical competence, the accreditation process may involve the laboratory in various activities related to testing and measurements. In the field of accreditation, the focus is on maintaining the laboratory's technical and organizational competence, ensuring the reliability of the results, and adherence to the principles of independence and impartiality [6].
Laboratories play a crucial role in the certification process by conducting tests, assessing the level of generated samples, and evaluating the conformity of the product to the specified requirements. Representatives of state bodies participate in the development of laws in many countries, where requirements for product safety and environmental conditions are being formulated. This experience becomes the basis for the creation of a national system for certifying products by establishing special testing laboratories.Quality management systems have been implemented in modern enterprises to ensure the highest standards throughout the product lifecycle. These systems incorporate various elements, including certification, testing, measurement, and accreditation, to guarantee the quality and safety of products [7]. The international community has developed standards and procedures to facilitate the certification process, and the accreditation of laboratories plays a crucial role in verifying the quality and
reliability of testing. The translation of these standards into national systems allows for flexibility and adaptation to specific country requirements while maintaining international cooperation [8].
In conclusion, the implementation of quality management systems, including certification, testing, and accreditation, is vital for modern enterprises to meet global standards, ensure product quality, and build trust among consumers. The collaboration between national and international bodies, adherence to established standards, and continuous improvement contribute to the effectiveness of these systems in safeguarding the quality and safety of products throughout their lifecycle.
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