9Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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THE ROLE OF JANE AUSTEN IN ENGLISH LITERATURE
Nurkhon Usman kizi Khodjiyeva
A student of Chirchik State Pedagogical University [email protected]
Supervisor: Zilola Tursunboy kizi Roziqova
Teacher of Chirchik State Pedagogical University E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This article delves into the contributions of women writers in English literature and how their writing reflects their lives, struggles, and styles. It examines the various circumstances that influenced their writing, including economic, social, and political factors. The paper aims to go beyond simply analyzing individual texts and instead challenges existing conventions and extends debates about authors, genres, and theoretical viewpoints within a wider cultural and intellectual context.
Keywords: feminine issues, struggles, marriage, social factors, political factors, styles
Gender roles have played a significant role in human societies, with males often enjoying privileged status while females are subordinate and defined in relation to men. Both patriarchy and imperialism have imposed different forms of domination, leading women to express their experiences under male oppression. Women have pushed against this dominance, defining boundaries related to community, class, and race and expressing their dissatisfaction with male attitudes through their literary works.
The representation of feminine issues by women writers is influenced by their economic status, education, social environment, and attitudes towards tradition and independence. Despite the advancements made by feminist theories and women's writings, many women still face inequality, violence, and injustice. This underscores the urgent need for new scholarly research to challenge gender norms, reconsider past identities, and pave the way for a more equitable future for both men and women.
Jane Austen was an English novelist famous for her six novels that subtly analyze and criticize the British landed gentry in the late 18th century. Austen's stories frequently delve into the idea of women relying on marriage for social status and financial stability. Her works serve as a critique of the sentimental novels popular in
April 23-24, 2024
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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the late 18th century and mark the shift towards realistic storytelling in the 19th century. Austen's skillful blend of social commentary, realism, and sharp wit has garnered her praise from critics and experts.
Jane Austen was born in the village of Steventon in Hampshire, where her father, Reverend George Austen, served as the rector. She was the second daughter in a family of eight children, with her closest companion being her elder sister, Cassandra, whom she never married nor did Jane. Their father, a scholarly man, instilled a love of learning in his children, while their mother, Cassandra (formerly Leigh), was known for her quick wit and storytelling. Acting was a favorite pastime in the Austen household, providing a lively and nurturing environment for Jane's writing. Her social connections expanded beyond Steventon through friendships and family ties among the minor gentry and clergy, which she would draw upon for the settings and characters in her novels.
Similar to many female writers of her time, Austen chose to publish her books anonymously due to societal expectations that women primarily focus on being wives and mothers. Writing was seen as a secondary activity for women, and those who pursued it full-time were considered to be compromising their femininity. To maintain this perception, books by women were often published anonymously to suggest that the female author was only writing as a part-time endeavor rather than seeking recognition as a prominent writer.
While residing in Chawton, Austen released four successful novels. With the assistance of her brother Henry, Thomas Egerton agreed to publish Sense and Sensibility. Unlike Pride and Prejudice, most of Austen's works, including this one, were published "on commission". This meant that the author took on the financial risk, with publishers covering the initial publication costs and then deducting expenses from book sales, leaving the author with a 10% commission. If a book didn't earn back its costs, the author would have to cover the deficit. On the other hand, the alternative to commission was selling the copyright, where the author would receive a single payment from the publisher up front, as happened with Pride and Prejudice [2].
Positive reviews led to the novel becoming popular with young aristocrats, causing the edition to sell out by mid-1813. Unlike other novels of the time, Austen's works were published in larger editions due to the small size of the novel-reading public and high costs of production. Most novels were typically printed in editions of 500 copies or less to minimize risks to both the publisher and author. Even successful titles were initially issued in limited copies, with additional printings only done if demand persisted.
April 23-24, 2024
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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Austen's novels highlight the importance of marriage for women in securing their social and economic status, unlike the more serious nature of novels in the 19th century. Critics note that Austen's focus is more on humor and wit in her characters rather than deep psychological exploration. Her belief in comedy as a saving grace in life is evident in her work. Austen stands out as the first woman to write great come-dic novels, following in the footsteps of Samuel Johnson's advice to write stories that bring laughter.
Austen utilized humor in her works to delve into the independence of women and relationships between genders. Through her comedic lens, she sought to highlight the positive aspects of life while infusing it with a moral sense, creating a unique artistic dynamic. Critic Robert Polhemus suggests that Austen's ability to balance reverence and ridicule in her writing showcases her deep passion for both, revealing the complexities of her mind and vision as she navigates the tension between satire and a moral compass. Austen downplayed her illness, referring to it as "bile" and rheumatism [3]. As her condition worsened, she found it hard to walk and lacked energy; by mid-April, she was bedridden. In May, her siblings Cassandra and Henry took her to Winchester for treatment. At that point, she was in excruciating pain and was ready for death.
At the age of 41, Austen passed away in Winchester on 18 July 1817. Her brother Henry used his connections in the clergy to secure her burial in Winchester Cathedral's north aisle. Her brother James crafted an epitaph that lauds her character, wishes for her salvation, and acknowledges her remarkable intellectual gifts, yet it does not specifically highlight her accomplishments as an author. In 2013, the Royal Mail in the UK celebrated the 200th anniversary of the publication of Pride and Prejudice by featuring Austen's works on a series of postage stamps. Austen also appeared on the Bank of England's £10 note starting in 2017, replacing Charles Darwin. Additionally, a statue of Jane Austen was unveiled in Basingstoke, Hampshire in July 2017, marking the 200th anniversary of her passing.
In conclusion, Jane Austen's contributions to literature as a woman writer are immeasurable. Her novels remain beloved classics, cherished for their insight into human nature, their humor, and their enduring relevance. Austen's unique voice continues to inspire readers and writers alike, ensuring her place among the greatest literary figures of all time. Through her keen observations and sharp wit, Jane Austen crafted stories that continue to resonate with readers today. Her portrayal of strong, intelligent female characters challenged the conventions of her era and paved the way for future generations of women writers. Austen's legacy as a trailblazer in the world of literature is secure, and her influence can be seen in the countless authors who ha-
April 23-24, 2024
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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ve been inspired by her work.
REFERENCES
1. Austen-Leigh, James Edward (1871). Memoir of Jane Austen (Second ed.). London: Richard Bentley and Son. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
2. Foster, Joseph (1888-1892). "Austen, George (1)" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886. Oxford: Parker and Co - via Wi-kisource.
3. Jane Austen "Deirdre Le Faye" (26 October 1933 - 16 August 2020). 11-18-19.
4. Philadelphia Austen Hancock: Eliza de Feuillide's Mother". Geri Walton. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
5. Rozikova Z. T., "THE CURRICULUM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES", Universiteti "XXI asr tarjimashunosligining lingvomadaniy masalalari" xalqaro ilmiy-nazariy anjuman to'plami, 2023, 137-139 b.
6. Rozikova, Z. T. (2022). KICHIK YOSHDAGI BOLALARGA INGLIZ TILI O'QITISH METODLARI. Central Asian Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS), 2(12), 200-206.
7. Rozikova, Z. (2023, December). METHODOLOGY OF USING LANGUAGE LEARNING APPLICATIONS IN KINDERGARTEN. In Fergana state university conference (pp. 131-131).
8. Rozikova, Z. (2023). ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING APPLICATIONS. Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal, 4(6), 237-242.
9. Rozikova, Z. (2023). MAKTABGACHA TA'LIM TASHKILOTLARIDA XORIJIY TILNI O'QITISH VA DARSDA TIL O'RGANISH ILOVALARIDAN FOYDALANISH. Журнал иностранных языков и лингвистики, 5(5).
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