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ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
THE ROLE OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT IN THE EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH
Sarzala Dariusz
PhD in humanities, Assistant Professor;
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Piestrzynski Wojciech
PhD in Humanities, Assistant Professor University of Security in Poznan
РОЛЬ СЕМЬИ В ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОМ РАЗВИТИИ ДЕТЕЙ И МОЛОДЕЖИ
Сажала Дариуш Канд. гум.наук, доцент Университет Вармии и Мазур в Ольштыне
Пестшински Войцех
Канд. гум. наук, доцент
Университет Безопасности в Познани
ABSTRACT
The problem of human emotional development is a very important subject of study for psychologists and educators. A particularly important issue research in this area is the human emotional maturity, which is shaped primarily in early childhood in a family environment. In the article the author analyzes the importance of emotional development in the functioning of the human being and analyzes the factors that influence on the emotional maturity of the child in a family environment.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Проблема эмоционального развития человека является очень важной областью исследований для психологов и педагогов. Особенно важной темой исследований в этой области является человеческий эмоциональная зрелость, которая, прежде всего, в форме в раннем детстве в семейном окружении. В статье автор анализирует важность эмоционального развития в функционировании человеческого существа и анализирует факторы, которые влияют на эмоциональную зрелость ребенка в семейной среде.
Keywords: emotional development, family environment, children, youth.
Ключевые слова: эмоциональное развитие, семейное окружение, детей, молодеж.
Introduction
Researchers are unanimous about the fact that it is the social environment affects the emotional development of the child, by facilitating, braking and steering of expressing emotions. Human feelings are regulated by other people from the earliest days of his life [13]. Children learn to express and control his emotions through imitation environment [11;13]. Childhood is a period of formation of basic emotional skills. The resulting emotional habits in childhood are very durable and used by the body later in life [8]. At that time, the brain develops complex structures at a very fast pace. Accordingly, the learning processes emotional skills extend much easier than later in life. During adolescence are strengthening ties nerve and brain mature fields critical to the emotional sphere. For modeling these connections significantly affected repetitive, acquired in childhood habits that are fixed in basic synaptic connections of nerve networks and later is it difficult to change. The development of emotional reactions depends on the social environment.
An environment that plays the most important role in the development of the child's personality and forming emotional is the family. Other environment (school and peer group) appear
later [2]. The child has already formed the basic components of personality and emotional maturity.
Emotional development and functioning of human Emotions play a very important role in human life. Persons emotionally mature are open to others, they have a benevolent attitude to the environment, do not show the tendency to worry, devote their time and energy to other people, take back responsibility empathize with others, they show them care, in his actions are guided by ethical principles are satisfied with themselves and others, and cope well with stress.
Emotionally mature person is one who: 1. directs your emotions and have dominion over them, 2. knows each other and understand their emotions, 3. able to channel his emotions so as to facilitate the achievement of the objectives pursued him, 4. properly read the emotions of other people, 5. has the art of making contacts and positive influence on men [21]. Emotionally mature man is also prepared to change the conditions of life and take on new tasks.
Emotional maturity positive effect on: independence in the emotional sphere (fuller recognition and express their emotions and recognize the differences between feelings of action);
control over their emotions (control of anger, coping with stress and frustration advantage in the life of positive feelings towards oneself); ability to use emotions in action (responsibility, ability to concentrate on the task and self-control); empathy (the ability to see the world from the point of view of others, sensitivity to the needs of others, listening to others); opportunities to better build personal relationships (the ability to analyze and understand them, solving conflicts and problems arising from interacting, self-confidence, openness, popularity, prudence in the proceedings, pro-social behavior and willingness to share with others, cooperation, help) [3].
In addition, mature emotionally person is able to: recognize and express emotions; the use of emotion in assisting thinking; understanding and analysis of emotions; coping with relationships; transformation of emotions; motivate yourself
[9;19].
In contrast, emotionally immature person has a mental excitability zmozon^, and her reactions are inadequate to the strength of the stimulus, and often get angry. On the other hand, anger adversely affects the health, personality, spiritual realm, core values, family, work, financial status, contacts, camaraderie and respect for the law [10;3].
In the context of the analysis, we can conclude that the proper development of emotional (emotional maturity) is one of the basic conditions for proper contact with oneself and with the environment and motivation. Emotional maturity is also the subject of mental health, understood as the ability to live harmoniously with other people in order to positively transform the environment [6].
Family environment as a source of emotional disorders child
Emotional disturbances that can occur in a young person are most commonly associated with incorrect and incomplete impact of parents on the child's emotional sphere. The consequences of such conduct are psychogenic, because their existence depends on the child's psyche response to the situation in which it found. The child's emotional development is related to the satisfaction of the following requirements: unconditional love, that love of a parent is not dependent on the child's behavior; respect for the child's personality; spending time with their parents; stability and to exercise control by parents; help in achieving maturity.
In addition, at each stage of development the child needs parental guidance, to acquire social skills such as giving and taking, interaction with others [18]. If these needs are not met it may occur emotional disturbances, particularly neuroses, anxiety and hyperactivity.
Specific set of feelings and behaviors and learned defensive reaction from loneliness and rejection is called a neurosis. It is most often rooted in long-term psychological conflicts arising and dependent child's educational environment. It develops under the influence of experiences of the child and abnormal emotional relationships with their parents. A child who from the very beginning there is unsatisfied needs such as love, belonging, safety, acceptance, closeness, lives in a constant sense ofthreat and tension leads to neurotic behavior. The impact on the formation of neuroses children also have the impact of parenting based on: excessive strictness and punishment, restrictions of freedom of child development, excessive (inadequate to the possibility of development of the child) expectations or inconsistency (the issue of child conflicting commands, punishment for minor things and at the same time omitting important offenses child), or excessive indulgence (too rapid weaning a child, or unnecessary guarding him). The factors encouraging the formation of neuroses include:
prevailing socio-cultural standards, external appearance of the child, discordant rhythm of development of the child and the child's personal experience in relations with third significant [7].
In the case of anxiety neurosis often it occurs, which signals the child to the presence of danger. Thus, every child in certain situations fears and thus learns that in life there are situations that cause anxiety. With age, the repertoire position causing the child a feeling of fear is changed. Understood, overtraining situations no longer have power and your child can safely walk the path of personal development. The feeling of anxiety is closely connected with the formation of the child's sense of „I". Fear actual takes place in a situation of real danger. Usually accompanied by events like those in which the child previously attended and experienced anxiety. Fear continues to exercise a positive role when it is so strong that it turns into a phobia, or a sudden episode of intense fear. In such a situation occur, among other things: palpitations, sweating, shortness of breath, feeling of choking, dizziness, lack of awareness of themselves and the world. Improper relationships in a family environment, a sense of loneliness, insecurity could lead to panic a determined situationally (attitude of the parent and its relationship to the child directly cause the child's anxiety) and panic attacks caused by situational (reaction neurosis child is deferred, but its cause is Parental unfavorable attitude). Improper relationship with their parents may also lead to social phobia - then the child withdraws from interaction with peers. Cooperation and contacts with it are limited and incomplete [18;4;20;6].
The influence of parents on the child's emotional development
The family is the first model of social behavior. In a family environment a child establishes its first social and emotional contacts as well as gains first experiences of life [22, p. 34]. In family child he shows his emotions, talk about them and show them rozpoznaje. In family child he shows his emotions, talk about them and show them. Parents show, what is the value and intensity of the experience and how data can be modeled their experiences of emotional appropriate.
Children better understand the emotions when their parents express emotions clearly, when pokzuj^ to disclose and regulate their emotions. The development of emotional expression, however, is dependent on the individual experience of the child [13].
Correct messages transmitted by the parents have a huge influence on the accurate expression and read emotional messages. If parents react properly or avoid and deny some emotions, eg. The negative, then the children may have affected patterns of emotional response.
Parents need to show an interest and respond appropriately to signs of both positive and negative emotions your child. Parents should be able to: identify the emotions experienced by children; distinguish emotions, talk about emotions and describe them, answer children's questions about emotions, express and control emotions.
An important role is played mechanisms of emotion regulation enabling the recognition of emotions and directing them in such a way as to be able to meet their needs and realize the potential of development in accordance with social norms, and maintaining positive relationships with others [14;17;15].
What is important is the correct ratio of parent to the child's emotional experiences, especially the interest or interests bak emotional life of the child; acceptance or rejection of the emotions of the child; consent or lack of consent on the expression of both positive and negative emotions. It is important that parents were
sensitive to emotional signals of children, able to interpret these signals and respond to them. The child needs to know that his emotions are the parents accepted and reciprocated. Whether the child will express emotions that will be avoided depends on the parents. It is important to help maintain positive emotions and weakening of negative emotional states. Mistake made by parents to punish children for expressing negative emotions.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, we can conclude that the family has a significant impact on the emotional development of the child. Attitudes of parents, parenting style, family home atmosphere are among the most important factors shaping the emotional maturity of the child. Parents should therefore broaden their knowledge of emotional development to properly react in situations of emotional stimulation of the child, often inadequate to acting stimulus. An important task of the parents of the child is also equipped with the ability to deal with feelings and emotions, both positive and negative. Wider knowledge of the emotional development also helps to identify and name the feelings, to show them and control the destructive emotions.
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