10Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xo'jaligini joriy _etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
THE RESULTS OF BREEDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR CULTIVATION OF SWEET POTATO IN UZBEKISTAN
Anvar Shamsiev
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University, PhD
The article presents the results of the study of a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan Valley and the breeding of promising varieties from them, as well as the development of agricultural technologies for obtaining high yields for these conditions.
It was established that the yield of seedlings from 1 seed tuber varied from 5.6 to 19.8 pcs. The highest yield of seedlings was noted in varieties Sochakinur (19.8 pcs.), Toyloki (16.9 pcs.), Filial, Jewel (15.6-15.9 pcs.). In the studied varieties, the growing season ranged from 121 to 141 days. Sweet potato varieties Sochakinur, Xar-Bay were the most early ripening (121-129 days). The tallest (26.0-29.1 cm) with the largest lateral shoots (3-4 pieces) and leafy (62-71 pieces) plants were observed in varieties Sochakinur, Toyloki, Xar-Bay. The highest rate of crop formation from a bush of tops (293 g) and tubers (213 g) was observed in the variety Sochakinur. It was revealed that the yield of tubers from one bush varied by variety from 885 to 1265 g, the number of tubers from a bush from 6.2 to 10.1 pieces, the weight of one tuber from a bush from 99 to 154 g. The highest productivity indicators (1265 g , 8.2 pcs., average tuber weight 154 g) were obtained from the Sochakinur variety.
Keywords: sweet potato varieties, breeding, yield, agricultural technologies.
Introduction. The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) is an important crop among tubers. It is widely distributed in China, Toyloki, India, USA, Korea and European countries as a food, industrial and fodder crop. Sweet potatoes are one of the new food crops for Uzbekistan. The sweet potato has over 400 species, of which one is cultivated, Ipomoea batatas. Sweet potato is a perennial, tropical plant. Therefore, in the dry, hot climate of Uzbekistan, sweet potatoes are cultivated as an annual crop - by the seedling method.
The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan Valley in terms of early ripening, growth, development, intensive reproduction, yield
ABSTRACT
May 12-13
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xo'jaligini joriy _etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
formation, compactness of tubers in the nest, productivity, yield and keeping quality of tubers and the isolation of promising ones from them, as well as the development of agricultural technology for obtaining high yields for of these conditions.
Materials and methods. Field experiments were carried out in the conditions of old-irrigated meadow-sierozem soils of the "Raykhon" farm in the Toylok district of the Samarkand region. The mechanical composition of the soil is medium loamy with the occurrence of groundwater at a depth of 4-5 m. Agrochemical indicators of the arable horizon are characterized by a low content of humus (0.98-1.11%), nitrate nitrogen (8.41-10.67 mg/kg), mobile phosphorus (25.43-27.61 mg/kg), exchangeable potassium (189-216 mg/kg) soil.
The object of the study was the varieties of the sweet potato Khazina (UZ) -standard, Filial (RU), Yellow (JP), Pumpkin (KP), Sochakinur (UZ), Xar-Bay (CN), Chestnut (KP), Kumara Red (EE), Betty (IT), Beauregard (US), Jewel (US), Bonita (IS), Sumor (JP), Toyloki (JP), Porto Rico (PT), Georgia Jet (US), Beige (US). The selected varieties were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a planting scheme of 70x25 and 90x20 cm, 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest.
All records, observations, analyses, care and harvesting were carried out according to generally accepted methods and agricultural recommendations [1,2,3].
Results and Discussions. The research results showed that the yield of seedlings from 1 seed tuber varied from 5.6 to 19.8 per cultivar. The highest seedling yield was observed in the varieties Sochakinur (19.8 pcs.), Toyloki (16.9 pcs.), Filial, Jewel (15.6-15.9 pcs.), Khazina, Xar-Bay, Bonita (14.7 -14.9 pcs.), And the smallest seedling yield (5.6-9.7 pcs.) Was in the samples of Chestnut, Porto Rico, Kumara Red, Yellow, Georgia Jet.
In the studied varieties, the growing season ranged from 121 to 141 days. The earliest ripening (121-129 days) varieties of sweet potato Sochakinur, Xar-Bay. And for other varieties, the growing season lasted 134-143 days, for the standard Khazina variety it was 140 days.
Biometric counts showed that the height of plants, the number of side shoots and leafiness of the bush in the tested cultivars differed significantly even at the beginning of the growing season (30 days after transplanting) and by cultivars the height of plants ranged from 19.1 (Yellow) to 29.1 cm ( Sochakinur), the number of side shoots is from 2 to 4 pieces, and the foliage of plants is from 33 (Pumpkin) to 68 pieces (Sochakinur). The tallest (26.0-29.1 cm) with the largest lateral shoots (3-4 pieces) and leafy (62-71 pieces) plants were
May 12-13
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy _etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
observed in the varieties Sochakinur, Toyloki, Xar-Bay. This advantage was preserved during the growing season of plants and on the 120-day after planting the seedlings were, respectively, 157.2-188.9 cm, 14-15 pieces and 234-260 pieces.
Intensive plant growth was observed 30-90 days after planting seedlings in the field. So, in the standard variety Khazina, the plant height on the 30-day after planting seedlings in the field was 22.0 cm, on the 60-day - 70.4 cm, on the 90-day -122.1 cm, and on the 120-day - 149 , 1 cm, plant growth was noted, respectively, 47.6; 51.7 and 27.0 cm.
The studied varieties of sweet potatoes differ significantly in terms of the rate of formation of the yield of tops and tubers during the growing season, and on the 30th day after planting the seedlings in the field, the mass of the tops from the bush was 215-293 for varieties, and the mass of the tuber was 138-213 g. The highest rate of yield formation from a bush of tops (293 g) and tubers (213 g) was observed in the variety Sochakinur. These benefits persisted until the end of the growing season. A relatively high rate of accumulation of the crop tops and tubers was observed in the varieties Xar-Bay, Toyloki, Bonita, Kumara Red, Beauregard, in which at the end of the growing season the mass of the tops per bush was 453-571, and the yield of tubers was 991-1188 g. varieties of sweet potato Khazina on the 30-day after planting seedlings in the field, the mass of tops from the bush was 229, the yield of tubers was 169 g, on 60 days, respectively, 336 and 377, on 90 days 376 and 741, and on 120 days after planting seedlings 403 and 971 g. Sweet potato varieties Sochakinur, Xar-Bay, Toyloki are distinguished by an intensive rate of formation of tops and tubers yield.
It was revealed that the yield of tubers from one bush varied by varieties from 885 to 1265 g, the number of tubers from a bush from 6.2 to 10.1 pcs., The weight of one tuber from a bush from 99 to 154 g. The highest productivity indicators (1265 g , 8.2 pcs., Average tuber weight 154 g) were obtained from the variety Sochakinur. All the studied varieties of sweet potatoes did not differ in the compactness of tubers in the nest, that is, in all varieties, the arrangement of the crop of tubers in the nest was compact.
The yield of sweet potato varieties varied from 32.5 to 46.1 t/ha. The highest yield (44.5-46.1 t/ha), of which a yield increase of 9.4-11.0 t / ha, or 126.8-131.3%, was obtained in the varieties Sochakinur, Xar-Bay, Toyloki. At the same time, these varieties had the highest yield of marketable tubers, which amounted to 43.2-45.2 t/ha or 97.1-98.0%.
May 12-13
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy _etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
When studying the planting of seedlings 1, 2 and 3 pieces in a nest with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm according to the scheme 70x25x1 (plant density 57100 per 1 ha), 70x25x2 (114,200 per 1 ha) and 70x25x3 (171300 per 1 ha), 90x20x1 ( plant density 55,500 per 1 ha), 90x20x2 (111,000 per 1 ha), 90x20x3 cm (166,500 per 1 ha) in the selected varieties of sweet potato Sochakinur and Xar-Bay, it was found that the highest productivity (45.3-47.8 t/ha) was obtained when planting seedlings according to the scheme 70x25x1 and 90x20x1 cm. the productivity of the bush, the yield and marketability of the crop are significantly reduced and for varieties is 902942, 32.7-36.0 t/ha, and the marketability is 88.6-92.1% or 142-244, the yield 8.711.1 t/ha, marketability 3.4-5.7% is lower compared to the scheme 70x25x1 (90x20x1) cm, standing density 55.5-57.1 thousand per 1 ha.
Conclusions. In the conditions of irrigated meadow-sierozem soils of the Samarkand region, widespread cultivation of the selected varieties of sweet potatoes Sochakinur, Xar-Bay and Toyloki according to layouts 70x25x1 and 90x20x1 cm, plant density 55500-57100 per 1 hectare by mulching with a transparent film, the vegetation period of the plants of the irrigation regime according to the pre-irrigation soil moisture not lower than 70-80% PIMS or 12 irrigations according to the scheme 5-7 (from "planting seedlings to closing the tops" - 5, from "closing the tops to ripening" - 7 times), application mineral fertilizers in the rate of N200 P160 K100 kg/ha provide the possibility of obtaining a stable high yield (43-48 t/ha) with good commercial qualities.
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May 12-13
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy _etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
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