CC BY
30
Ayazbayeva S.S.1, Kupeeva Zh.S.2, Nasharbekova I.S.3 ©
1Master of pedagogical sciences; 2,3master of Arts, Academician Y.A. Buketov, Karaganda State University
THE PROBLEMS OF CULTURAL INTERACTION
Summary
This article is devoted to the problems of cultural interaction and the main goal of investigating is to determine the most important conditions for the existence and further development of culture.
Keywords: culture, development, interaction, communication, to distinguish.
In connection with the processes of globalization in the cultural sphere and is less noticeable polarization of the international community on the principle of separation of cultures. Mechanisms and incentives that researchers rarely found in areas of Economics and politics.
The division of cultures affects the rise of the cultural-educational level among young women, leading to dramatic reduction in the birth rate and today any developed country does not play its indigenous population. To fill jobs, especially requiring low qualifications have imported dozens and then hundreds of thousands of migrants who are not ready for life in culturally-developed country. Thus, issues of cultural interaction are rising in many countries.
The analysis of the history of human society shows that one of the most important conditions for the existence and further development of culture is the possibility of exchange of spiritual values among people. In every new generation man becomes man only by assimilating the cultural wealth of mankind. Personality is formed in communication with other people and in the understanding of cultural values. These processes occur through the transmission and reception of information, its interpretation and assimilation on the basis of communication. Culture during its existence has gained six powerful aftershocks, accelerating the development: first, the emergence of human speech; the second is the advent of writing, allowing the person to communicate with other people who are not with him in direct contact; the third is the development of printing, enabling many people to access the knowledge and the to join the culture; fourth, the spread of television, together with the related inventions (satellite and cable TV, VCRs, Fax machines, videotext and video phones) and fifth - mobile communications, pagers and especially the Internet, has provided the opportunity for nearly all of humanity to become directly involved in the historical-cultural process taking place on our planet. The sixth source of the latest impact on culture is unprecedented in the history of the spread of the tourism industry. All these the significant impact on the development of culture, one way or another, connected with the informational interactions, intercultural communication. [1, 30].
Species diversity of social interaction, social context and intentions of the participants of communication is reflected in the diversity of genres - from casual chatter to emotional confessions from business meetings and negotiations before the performance in the media. While verbal communication through images, motives, attitudes, emotions, defines social and interpersonal relationships, it constitutes them. Even a superficial observation of the behavior of people allows you to select among them a special group with high communication skills. People of this type can easily establish contacts with other people and gain friends, and feel comfortable in any company. According to the observations of psychologists, such people consciously or unconsciously use certain techniques attractions, i.e. the ability to win the conversation. Special studies foreign scientists determined that the nature, form and style of communication are largely dependent upon the first minutes and sometimes seconds of communication. There are a lot of very simple techniques that can be used in virtually any situation to facilitate the initial stage of communication,
© Ayazbayeva S.S., Kupeeva Zh.S., Nasharbekova I.S., 2015 г.
which determines the further course of this process. These techniques include smile, turning to the other party by name, compliment, etc. are well known to every person, often unconsciously used in daily practice and effective communication techniques allow to ingratiate himself with the interlocutor and to lay the foundations for lasting and effective communication.
Depending on the combination of different methods, techniques and communication styles in communicability it is customary to distinguish three main types of intercultural communication: verbal, non-verbal and paraverbal. [2, 10-13].
According to specialists, communication in human interaction by three quarters consists of speech (verbal) communication. In the communication process is the mutual influence of people on one another, the exchange of different ideas, interests, moods, feelings, etc. For this purpose, each culture has created its own language system with which its speakers are able to communicate and interact. In science, different forms of linguistic communication have been called verbal communication. Research communication process show that speech (verbal) communication is the primary form of human communication, but it is accompanied by various kinds of nonverbal actions that help to understand the spoken text. The effectiveness of any communication contacts is determined not only by how clear the other person's words or other elements of verbal communication, but also the ability to interpret visual information, which is transmitted by facial expressions, gestures, body movements, tempo and tone of speech. Although language is the most effective and efficient tool of human communication, yet it is not the only means of communication. In fact, by means of verbal communication can be sent only factual knowledge, but they are insufficient to convey the feelings of the person. Different kinds of feelings, emotions and moods, not amenable to verbal expression transmitted through non-verbal communication. The field of nonverbal communication consists of all non-linguistic signals sent by the person and has communicative value. These tools combine a large range of phenomena, including not only the facial expressions, gestures, body posture, tone of voice, but also the various elements of the environment, clothing, design elements, appearance, etc.
Intercultural interaction, carried out in different types of communication using different tools, led to different results in terms of changes in crops, conservation or partial loss of their identity, spiritual enrichment (due to borrowing someone else's experience) and even to the emergence of new cultures in the result of direct interaction.
No culture exists in isolation. In the course of their life she is forced to constantly address or your past, or to experience other cultures. This appeal to other cultures is called "cultural interaction". In this interaction the obvious fact is communication cultures in different "languages". [3,17].
These relationships of different cultures are called "intercultural communication", which means the exchange between two or more cultures, and products of their activities in various forms. Intercultural relationships are, if their members do not resort to their own traditions, customs, beliefs and ways of behaving, and get acquainted with other people's rules and norms of everyday communication. [4, 22].
To teach people to communicate, to teach, to produce, to create, not only to understand foreign speech is a difficult task, further complicated by the fact that communication is not just verbal process. Its effectiveness, in addition to knowledge of the language depends on many factors: conditions and culture of communication, rules of etiquette, knowledge of non-verbal expressions (facial expressions, gestures), the presence of deep background knowledge, lifestyle and much more.
In a situation of contact between different cultures overcoming the language barrier is not enough to ensure effective communication. For this purpose it is necessary to overcome the cultural barrier. National specific features of the various components of cultures of the interactants can hamper the process of intercultural communication.
It is necessary not only to teach the man a foreign language, but to teach them to respect and appreciate the culture of this people.
In this regard, everyone who studies languages or encounters problems of cultural interaction, the three concepts of "patience", "tolerance", "toleration" are according to Ter-Minasova universal formula for successful intercultural communication. [5, 43].
Thus, the globalization of the modern world always reminds mankind that the world is diverse and at the same time, a single that different approaches to the same processes are inevitable due to cultural differences. However, the increased interdependence of humanity necessarily poses the problem of education of different cultures.
Literature
1. D. B. Gudkov - Theory and practice of intercultural communication // D. B. Gudkov. - M.: Gnosis -2003. - p. 30 - 35.
2. P.N. Donets - The foundations of the General theory of intercultural communication // P.N. Donets. -Kharkov: Shtrikh - 2001. - p. 10 - 13.
3. T.G. Grushevitskaya, V. D. Popkov, A. P. Sadokhin, Fundamentals of intercultural communication: Textbook for high schools (Ed. by A. P. Sadokhin. - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2002. - p. 352 - 359.
4. E. M. Vereshchagin, V.G. Kostomarov, Language and culture. M., - 1990. - p. 22.
5. S.G. Ter-Minasova, Language and intercultural communication: (Textbook) - M: Slovo - 2000. - p. 43 - 50.
