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7POLITICAL SCIENCES
THE POWERS OF THE TOS IN THE SOVIET AND MODERRN PERIOD: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Grebennikova A.A.
The Volga Institute of management named after P. A. Stolypin-branch of the Ranepa
Maslyakov V. V.
Saratov medical University "Reaviz"
ABSTRACT
In article on the basis of the analysis of the results of two conducted in different years of sociological research at the estimation of efficiency of activity of bodies TOS basic problems of territorial public self-government and determines the direction of their decisions.
Keywords: territorial public self-government, bodies of the TOS, the powers of the TOS, assessment of efficiency of activity of bodies of CBT, the reform of territorial public self-administration authorities.
The concept of "territorial public self-government" has entered into legal turnover in April 1990, it was enshrined in the Law of the USSR "About the General principles of local self-government and local economy in the USSR". However, public self-government as a social phenomenon emerged much earlier, and it flourished in the Soviet period of Russian history.
In the analysis of territorial public self-government, special attention must be paid to the competence of the TOS, as it is from the latitude of authority depends on its relevance and the interest of citizens to participate in the activities of the TPS bodies, and, consequently, the development of the local area.
Competence is a complex legal category, which includes the powers and objects of reference. Accordingly, under the authority of the TOS refers to a set of rights and obligations enshrined in the law. [1, p. 78]
The widest possible powers over the local authorities was assigned to the Soviet period. Public Amateur art associations at that time formed either on the principle of manufacturing industries (parent committees, councils of young professionals and innovators, public Bureau of environmental analysis, advice on medical and cultural-educational institutions, community councils, stores, etc.), or the place of residence (house, street, quarter, village committees, national women's councils, courts of honor, voluntary national teams on protection of a public order, etc).
Despite the fact that the local authorities controlled by the party bodies, local Councils of people's deputies and Executive committees, they had the power to address the large number of tasks such as:
1) organizational work: organization and holding of events, assisting deputies in organizing their meetings with voters and reception of citizens;
2) educational work: working with children and teenagers, organize their leisure, and prevention of juvenile delinquency;
3) landscaping and gardening of the territory: Saturdays and Sundays, with the involvement of youth;
4) crime prevention: patrols, friendly courts;
5) interaction with health agencies in implementation of preventive anti-epidemic measures, sanitary-educational work;
5) social work with disabled people, elderly citizens, families with many children, children left without parental care;
6) interaction with cultural institutions and activities in the conduct of educational, cultural and mass work among the population, development of national creativity, Amateur performances, physical culture and sports, etc. [2, p. 45]
In modern Russia the organization and activities of the TPS bodies is regulated by the Federal law of October 6, 2003 Federal law No. 131 of the year "On General principles of organization of local government in the Russian Federation" according to which modern TPS bodies vested with the following rights:
First, to represent the interests of the population living in the territory.
Secondly, to ensure the implementation of decisions taken at meetings and conferences.
Thirdly, to carry out economic activities on maintenance of the housing stock, landscaping, other economic activities aimed at the satisfaction of social needs of citizens residing in the territory.
Fourth, make to the local authorities draft municipal legal acts subject to compulsory consideration by these bodies and officials of local self-government.
Accordingly, the powers of the modern TPS bodies include the following issues:
a) the establishment of the structure of the TOS;
b) the adoption of the Charter TOS, amendments and additions;
C) determining the main directions of activities of TOS;
g) approval of the budget of TOS and report on its implementation;
d) consideration and approval of reports on the activities of the TPS bodies. [3, p. 124]
To the jurisdiction of the TOS, in addition to organizational issues, related to only powers of organization and accomplishment in the sphere of housing and
communal services. Such issues as the creation of teams, with the aim of crime prevention, educational work with children and young people, participation in the work to assist health authorities, culture, in the modern powers of bodies TOS are not presented, indicating a significant regression in the sphere of authorities of TOS in comparison with the Soviet period.
The decision of questions of organization of activity of bodies of CBT in the ultimately legislative powers and their practical implementation. From the breadth of the statutory powers of the TOS depends on the effectiveness and viability of this social institution.
References:
1. Grebennikov A.A. Zyuzin, S. Y. technologies of state and municipal management. Saratov: LLC "Publishing center "Nauka", 2016.
2. Podsumowa M.A. territorial public self-government as a social institution: the history of formation and modern condition // the State power and local self-government in Russia: history and modernity: Materials of VI International scientific forum. Vol. 2. KN. 2 / under the General editorship of A. S. Gorshkova. SPb: Izd-vo NWAPA, 2008.
3. Naumov S.Yu., Podzolkova A.A. Fundamentals of municipal management organization. M., 2010.
THEORETICAL BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION OF DANGERS OF POLITICAL SAFETY AT PREPARATION OF THE STATEADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS
Orel M.G.
National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, PhD (Public administration), doctoral candidate of the Department of globalistics, European integration and the national security,
Kyiv, Ukraine
ТЕОРЕТИЧН1 ОСНОВИ КЛАСИФ1КАЦП НЕБЕЗПЕК ПОЛ1ТИЧН1Й БЕЗПЕЦ1 ПРИ П1ДГОТОВЦ1 ДЕРЖАВНО-УПРАВЛ1НСЬКИХ
Р1ШЕНЬ
Орел М.Г.
Нацгональна академ1я державного управлтня при Президентовi Укра'ти, кандидат наук з державного управлiння, докторант кафедри глобалктики, евроттеграци та управлтня нацюнальною безпекою,
Кигв, Украта
ABSTRACT
In the article offered approaches and criteria of classification of dangers of political safety. They allow improving quality rationale of state-administrative decisions which concern reacting on dangers. The expediency of separation of dangers to groups and subgroups taking into account factors which are the reasons of their emergence and the ability of the state to react to them is proved. This ability is mainly determined in the legal plane and resource potential. It is shown that factors (there are reasons) that underlie the emergence of the dangers of political security form a lot of objective opportunities and conditions for ensuring political safety. Their interrelation -hierarchical structures of these dangers that on extent of increase in the negative impact on political safety it is expedient to distinguish: a challenge to political safety, potential and real threat. Concerning the term of actions, it is expedient to distinguish short-term (up to one year), medium-term - 1-3 years and long-term - over 3 years. For determination of quantitative assessment of harm of political safety the expediency of using the concept of "risk" is justified, which is viewed as a function of the arguments of which is the probability of an undesirable event (situation) and size of maximally possible loss through their offensive. Considered the situation that, has in the conditions of evolutional, modernization and transformation types of destabilization of the political system, growing of dangers to political safety has, accordingly, a low, middle and high degree of intensity.
АНОТАЦ1Я
У статп запропоноваш щдходи та критерп щодо класифжацп небезпек полггачнш безпещ Вони до-зволяють тдвищити яшсть обгрунтування державно -управлшських ршень щодо реагування на небезпеки. Обгрунтована доцшьшсть розпод^ небезпек на групи i тдгрупи з урахуванням факторiв, яш е причинами !х виникнення, i спроможносп держави щодо реагування на них. Ця спроможшсть переважно визначаеться у правовш площиш та ресурсними можливостями. Показано, що фактори, яК е причиною виникнення небезпек полггачнш безпещ, утворюють множину об'ективних можливостей i умов забезпечення политично! безпеки. 1х взаемозв'язок - iерархiчнi структури цих небезпек, серед яких за ступенем зростання негативного впливу на полгтичну безпеку дощльно вирiзняти: виклик полггачнш безпещ, потенцшну та реа-льну загрози. Щодо терм^ дш яких дощльно розрiзняти короткостроковий (до року), середньостроковий - 1-3 роки та довгостроковий - понад 3 роки. Для визначення шлькюно! ощнки шкоди полгтичнш безпещ
