THE PLACE OF ECOLOGY IN THE VALUE SYSTEM OF YOUTH IN TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES (BASED ON THE CASE STUDY: A SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CARRIED OUT RECENTLY IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN)

Olga Stepanova; Muminjon Xujayev

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Olga Stepanova

Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Alfraganus University Tashkent, Uzbekistan [email protected]

Muminjon Xujayev

Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Alfraganus University Tashkent, Uzbekistan

mumin_81@mail. ru

THE PLACE OF ECOLOGY IN THE VALUE SYSTEM OF YOUTH IN TRADITIONAL

SOCIETIES

(BASED ON THE CASE STUDY: A SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CARRIED OUT RECENTLY IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN)

Abstract: As a result of the increasing processes of globalization, which underlie many achievements of the modern era, philosophical understanding of the place ecology problems of the hierarchy of values in the context of established paradigmatic attitudes of traditional societies becomes particularly relevant. A systematic analysis of existing demographic, axiological paradigms, an assessment of their advantages and disadvantages will allow us to predict trends in the development of social processes in traditional societies, in particular in Uzbekistan, to comprehend the trend of stabilization of demographic equilibrium in modern conditions. It will also make it possible to trace how the processes of globalization affect the transformation of the scale of values in the mentality of the youth of Uzbekistan.

Key words: values, the scale of values, system of value orientations, hierarchy of values, ecology, pollution of nature, sustainability, eco-friendly, environmental protection, environmental education, environmental economics, natural resource management, psychology of environmentally responsible behavior, environmental education, demography, demographic growth, culture of consumption, material values, family values, professional competence, business culture, business communication, trust, mutual support, traditional learning .

Аннотация: В результате нарастающих процессов глобализации, лежащих в основе многих достижений современной эпохи, философское осмысление места экологических проблем в иерархии ценностей в контексте устоявшихся парадигматических установок традиционных обществ становится особенно актуальным. Системный анализ существующих демографических, аксиологических парадигм, оценка их преимуществ и недостатков позволит спрогнозировать тенденции развития социальных процессов в традиционных обществах, в частности в Узбекистане, осмыслить тенденцию стабилизации демографического равновесия в современных условиях. Также это позволит проследить, как процессы глобализации влияют на трансформацию ценностной шкалы в менталитете молодежи Узбекистана.

Ключевые слова: ценности, шкала ценностей, система ценностных ориентаций, иерархия ценностей, экология, загрязнение природы, устойчивость, экологичность, охрана окружающей среды, экологическое образование, экономика окружающей среды, управление природными ресурсами, психология экологически ответственного поведения,

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экологическое образование, демография, демографический рост, культура потребления, материальные ценности, семейные ценности, профессиональная компетентность, деловая культура, деловое общение, доверие, взаимная поддержка, традиционное обучение.

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INTRODUCTION

In modern social life, despite the ongoing processes of globalization, environmental issues, values retain their significance both for each individual and for the entire society as a whole. Today's Uzbekistan is one of those developing countries in which traditional values play an important role in human life, since they are a guide for people both in everyday life and in professional activities. Although values remain unchanged, nevertheless, the scale of values is changing.

The number of young people under the age of thirty in Uzbekistan is more than eighteen million people, which is more than fifty-five percent of the total population. Youth is the future of the country, and this circumstance dictates the need for a systematic analysis of the peculiarities of the mentality of the younger generation, especially the hierarchy of values. Special thanks to the Head of the Department of Sociology of the National University of Uzbekistan, Professor K. Kalanov, for his help in organizing a sociological study

Methods: 1. General scientific methods: 1.1 systems analysis, 1.2. Structural and functional, 1.3 Comparative studies, 1.4. Hypothetical-deductive method, 1.5. Formalization method.

2. Methods of specific sociological research: 2.1 questioning, 2.2 poll, 2.3 dialogue, 2.4 sociological observation, 2.5 expert assessment,2.6 self-reflection.

2. The most aggressive factor affecting the ecological situation is population growth. Therefore, it is very important to analyze whether the transformation of the value scale affects population growth. As the results of the sociological research conducted by the authors have shown, in the twenty-first century there are significant shifts in the hierarchy of values of the younger generation. So, along with traditional values (ecology, family, children, faith, family ties, material well-being), social status, career, education, business communication and others are put in the first place in the value system.

But for the forecast of population growth in the Republic of Uzbekistan, it is very important to understand what place traditional family values occupy in the scale of values of the modern young generation, since the forecast of fertility for the next decade and, accordingly, the forecast of population growth depends on it. The problem of population growth is extremely relevant for modern Uzbekistan.

Family and children have been the most important values in traditional societies for centuries, which was one of the reasons for the rapid demographic growth. The demographic growth of the Republic is mainly determined by special characteristics of the Eastern mentality, the religion of Islam, the traditions that are being passed down from generation to generation, and in which there is a belief that the level of wellbeing and flourishing of a family is directly proportional to the number of children that family has. Traditionally, large families, families with many children were seen as a symbol of the happy union between man and woman, as a demonstration of the blessing of Allah, and as a support for parents in the old age. But population growth in Uzbekistan exacerbates environmental problems, as it creates an unnecessary burden on the environment. It is known that there are problems with land and water resources in Uzbekistan.

The processes of urbanization, attraction of women into the public sphere, the increase in the requirements of decent mode of life, the desire to provide the children with decent education and material support gradually led to the partly decrease in the growth of the population and birthrate in Republic of Uzbekistan. Sociological survey, which was conducted by the authors of this article, supports the general tendency to decline in the birthrate, and it was widely covered in scientific literature. However, insufficient attention to the questions of the rise of population size

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in densely populated areas leads to the deterioration of production, transport, and engineering-communication infrastructure, which simply cannot serve the needs of ever growingnumber of people. In this condition, the task of regulation of the situation of overall environmental deterioration will become increasingly difficult owing to the extent anthropological impact on the environment. Overpopulation, which is characterized by the increase in the density of the population directly influences the level of social tension and inevitable leads to the emergence of various kinds of deviant behaviour among the people. The increase of the crime levels in densely populated areas can be considered one of the reasons of the unequal distribution of population among the administrative-territorial units of Uzbekistan. Increasing concentration of motor vehicles accelerates the process of exclusion of oxygen out of the atmosphere and increases various emissions, which include carbon and nitrogen, hydrocarbon and sulfurous compounds. These emissions increase the risk of various cancers or other cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which in turn contributes to the decrease in the average life expectancy of the population of Uzbekistan. At the moment, the various measures, taken by the state government in for fighting the climate deterioration problems having a considerable effect in the effort of maintaining satisfactory climatic and environmental conditions, but if we take into consideration the fact that there are no valid conditions for the total liberation of the nature from the anthropogenic interference of the man, the efforts in that direction must be reinforced. The most important demographic indicators influencing the dynamics of change of population can be fertility, urbanization, mortality, migration, marriages, and divorces. The maintenance of favourable demographical situation come to be the inalienable and all-persistent tasks of the government, which is, however, severely restricted by the specifications of the territorial and natural conditions of its administrative-territorial limits, its natural resources, scientific and industrial potential. Inability to maintain the desired quality of life due to the growing size of the population also connected to another one of the most important demographic factors: the number of divorces, implemented in Uzbekistan. «According to the data, provided by the Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in 2017 the number of marriages and divorces in Uzbekistan were 306.2 thousand and 31.9 thousand respectively, and in 2018 - the figures were 311.3 thousand and 32.3 thousand respectively». Divorces and an unfavorable family environment negatively affect the upbringing of children, including environmental.

The processes of family planning and determining the number of children are directly correlated with the level of literacy, medical education and social status. In the State Development Program "On the Strategy of Actions concerning the five priority development directions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021", the main focus is directed at the wellbeing of families and the task of upbringing educated, developed generation, and in which the importance of the family institute and its social support by the government is emphasized very clearly; the much attention is also paid to the tasks of raising the medical awareness of the population and the propagation of the child-planning.

In the framework of studying the increase of the size of population, the authors conducted a sociological survey, in which 500 people of various gender, nationality, religious affiliation, level of education and social status were chosen. The age bracket of the target group was between 16 and 30. The contingency of surveyed included members of urban, as well as regional communities, residents of the Capital, and regional capitals and regional residents. This allowed surveyors to examine the differences of the results relatively to the territory of residence. The purpose of the conducted research was revealing the impending dynamics of the birthrate and the analysis of the peculiarities of the reproductive behaviour of the youth of Uzbekistan. The main attention of the polled subjects was directed towards the presentation of information about the desired or planned

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number of children, also about their choice (in hierarchical sequence) of the place and role of the family in their value systems among other alternative choices. «Processing and the system analysis of the obtained results of the sociological survey allowed to reveal the indicators of impending demographical situation and to forecast the perspectives of the increase in the birthrate in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the coming decade». [1]

Obtained results correspond to the results of the "Ijtimoiyfikr" Center for the Study of Public Opinion, which publications asserting that in 2017, 24.3 % of citizens wanted to have two children, 32.2 % - three, and 31% - four. The below chart illustrates the percentage of the role of the family in the value systems of the youth of Uzbekistan. Thus, apparent extensive demographical progression turns into an acute problem of sustainability, which demands for the search of territorial and rich space, that is able to satisfy the ever-growing needs of the humanity.

Research 1

The structure of the sociological survey used by the authors in obtaining the statistical results, includes a form (a questionnaire) and a list of open and closed questions.

1) The question is, is the environmental problem the most important for the existence of mankind? 97 percent of respondents responded positively. Only three percent answered in the negative (diagram 1)

2)Question: is it possible to change the environmental situation with personal active participation? 58 percent - yes, 42 percent - no (diagram 2)

3)Question: Are environmental problems related to population growth? 92 percent - answered positively, 8 percent - negatively (diagram 3)

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92%

Question: Can environmental education, environmentally responsible behavior affect the state of the environment?

74 percent - yes; 26 percent - no (diagram 4)

5)What methods do you consider the most effective?

Students offer such methods of solution 1. Environmental clean-ups, cleaning of polluted areas of forests, rivers, mountains. 2. Notification to the state nature protection authorities of the facts of violation of nature management. 3. Systematic and consistent work on the improvement of industrial, transport equipment with an increase in its environmental friendliness. 4. Introduction of a closed production cycle, construction of modern treatment facilities. 5. Improvement of agriculture: farming techniques, irrigation systems and plant care. 6. Increasing the culture of consumption.

Results:

Most students believe that the situation is more influenced by state environmental protection programs and the introduction of eco-saving technologies.

It is also very important to analyze the connection of environmental education of young people with other values: family, education, business culture. The overwhelming majority (92 percent) are aware of the dependence of environmental problems on population growth

Research 2

The structure of the sociological survey used by the authors in obtaining the statistical results, includes a form (a questionnaire) and a list of open and closed questions, which are formulated in this mode: "Please choose 5 most important values out of the following list of values", then followed the list of values, which includes: health, love, material wealth, occupation, social status, career growth, fame, family and children, respect, education, professional competence, business communication The second question, which was formed as: "How many

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children are there in your family?", showed a correlation of the number of children one is planning to have with the number of siblings he/she at the moment has in his/her family. Thus, the authors could analyze the level of inheritance by children the set patterns of their parents in the matters of child-planning. The third question, the purpose of which was to reflect the characteristics of personal preferences and expectations in relation with the desire to have offspring, was set in following form: "How many children do You want to have in your family?". The fourth, and concluding question, referring to the pragmatic-economic considerations require to present the answer in line with the individual policy of the planning of the number of offspring. This question was: "How many children do you plan to have?". In the course of conducting the sociological survey, majority of the polled mistakenly assumed the notional identity of the third and the fourth question, however, introduction of such polls allows to track the correlation of personal desires and the possible economic potentials of the citizens. As a result of the procession of the data obtained in the course of the sociological survey, the authors arranged following chart.

Results:

Analysis of the data obtained in the course of the sociological survey which included the task of organizing the list of values in hierarchical sequence showed following results: only 18 % of the participants placed family and children in the first place, in 31 % of the participants the family and children was in the second place, in 15 % - the third, in 29 % - the fourth, 4% - the fifth and 3% of the participants did not even include "the family" in their own lists of value systems. (diagram 5)

The Chart showing the status and role of family in the system of values

Thus, based on the chart illustrated above, we can see clear development patterns of the axiological orientations of the youth of Uzbekistan, which enables us to ascertain the realization of branched direction of the value choice of spheres, which has no immediate relation with the creation of matrimonial links. In the framework of this research such situation, which is characterized by the parallax of the spectrum of life-values, can serve as a positive criterion for the policy of the control of demographical growth. The results of the conducted research correlate with the sociological formulations of Russian specialists (A. A. Larina, who by implementing the additional scale of the terminal values of I. Rokich, revealed the similar phenomenon, related to the revaluation of the traditional value systems among the Russian youth. This allows to set a general shift in the world outlook, resultant of the transition from the traditional materialistic value systems to post-materialistic, which is based on the aspirations for serf-assertion by means of attainment of certain personal standards.)

The present demographical problem in Uzbekistan, which evolved as a result of the absence of reproduction inhibitory factors requires from the state demographical policy for realization of the control over the birthrate. However, in order to realize more rational and more economically-purposeful influence on the development dynamics of demographical processes, the optimal

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estimation of the number of population is needed. The calculation of the optimal population size depends on the indicators of the general administrative-territorial significance, the numerical coefficient of the source, the reserve of resources and the level of infrastructure

In the process of the study of the results of sociological survey, we established that a major group of respondents, namely 40 %, responded that they planned to have three children, 29% -two, 20% - four children, 4 % - five, 4 % - the only one child, 0.5 % - six, 0.5 % - seven, 0.4 % - eight or more and 1.6 % of them did not plan to have children at all. (diagram 6)

According to the authors, overwhelming majority of all the existing problems in the Republic of Uzbekistan ground on the problem of overpopulation, followed by the growing need for using the living conditions which do not correspond to the minimum living standards, and the increase of economic inequality among the citizens. The establishment of the maximum allowable demographical coefficient and inclusion of this question into the sphere of political discussions allows to recover the global losses in maximum short time and to provide with favorable conditions for comfortable and happy life of every individual human being. The normative-legal character of the realization of the control over the birthrate, which is reflected in implementation of containment measures of birthrate in the system of legislation, might not meet with welcome attitude all members of the society and citizens, however, today growing difficulties, related to the problem of survival, overpowering the questions of moral-ethical character.

Research 3

Sociological survey, in which 200 people between 16 and 30, of various gender, nationality, religious affiliation, level of education and social status were chosen. The structure of the sociological survey used by the authors in obtaining the statistical results, includes a form (a questionnaire) and a list of open and closed questions, which are formulated in this manner: "Please choose most important values out of the following list of values" then followed the list of values, which includes: Health and love material wealth

career growth and professional competence business communication social status family and children

«The increase in the requirements and criteria of the quality of life (nourishment, dwelling, comfortable life, the medical expenses, healthy lifestyle, transport, education, travel, entertainment) also place in front of the youth of the Republic of Uzbekistan the task of rational

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planning of the family budget, including the planning of the birth of the first and the last children.» [2]

Thus, the results of the carried out scientific research, which was conducted on the basis of the sociological survey of the youth of the Republic of Uzbekistan, enables us to forecast with a considerable precision several insignificant decrease in the birth-rate in the coming decade. Apparent extensive demographical progression, turns into an acute problem of life-support, which demands the search of resource-bearing territory or space, and thus satisfaction of growing needs of the population of Uzbekistan. Traditional Eastern values, which are oriented towards the social and spiritual ones, are in contrast with Western values, where a pragmatic approach to values or a "philosophy of action" prevails. The main value of the modern Western world is the autonomy of individuals [3] This also implies material or personal well-being, career growth as values, which generally distinguished the East from the West. «However, as a result of the processes of globalization, the scale of values, hierarchy of values of the younger generation start to change, which we can see as a result of the conducted sociological research.» [4]

Results:

31 % of the participants placed material wealth in the first place; 20 % - career growth and professional competence in the first place; 18% - health and love in the first place; 18 % - family and children; 13% - social status (diagram 7)

Scale of values ofvouth in Uzbekistan

■ Material wealth

■ Family and children

■ Health

■ Career growth and professional competence

■ Social status

Thus, from the above diagram, the most characteristic is the materialistic orientation of the general axiological guidelines of the youth of Uzbekistan, which makes it possible to state the implementation of a branched direction of the value choice of spheres that are not directly related to the creation of matrimonial relations.

Within the framework of this study, such a situation, characterized by a shift in the spectrum of vital values, is a positive criterion for the policy of containing the rate of demographic growth. The results of this study correlate with the sociological developments of Russian specialists (A.A. Larina, who, using the additional scale of terminal values of I. Rokich, revealed a similar phenomenon associated with the reassessment of the traditional system of values among Russian, Ukrainian and European youth. This allows us to record a general world view shift arising in within the framework of the transition from the system of traditionally materialistic values to post-materialistic ones, based on the desire for self-affirmation through the achievement of confident personal height.

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Research 4

Also, in traditional Muslim societies, respect to the teacher, the teacher is a basic moral value. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the honourable place of a teacher in society is fixed by the state law "On Education"; there is also a public holiday "Teacher and Mentor Day", which is declared a day off. As a rule, on this day the President presents high government awards to outstanding teachers, coaches, mentors of youth. Most scientists dealing with the problems of teaching methodology agree that modern education is impossible without the use of innovative technologies. This is the automation of educational work: management of the educational program based on web technologies, class schedule, orders, e-learning educational resources. Modern technologies significantly increase the level of communication capabilities: educational forums, video conferencing, networked project environments, blogs, groups in messengers, personal accounts, and much more. In sociology, epistemology, the object of cognition is understood as a fragment of objective (and subjective) reality, to which the research is directed, and which becomes the subject of theoretical or practical scientific activity. «Some have become the object of knowledge recently, in connection with the 2020-2021 coronavirus pandemic, as a result of which in most countries of Europe, Asia, and America, classes in schools, lyceums, colleges, universities were transferred to distance learning, the so-called online education. In different states, the distance learning regime was such throughout 2020, in others, it was introduced for a semester or several months. In practice, no state has escaped this type of education». [5] And in some countries, it continues to this day. Conducting classes online was a necessary measure to protect students from contracting a dangerous viral infection. However, after they began to successfully fight the disease, the pandemic began to decline, and the question arose about the acceptability of learning online also in 'peacetime'. Indeed, the online learning mode is convenient, economical, and comfortable. In Uzbekistan, a zoom platform was actively used, which allows conducting lectures and seminars in the videoconference mode. This type of training saves money spent on travel and meals; time; other material resources. Thus, universities have reduced the cost of paying for electricity, water, cleaning the premises. But the most important result is that it significantly reduced the level of coronavirus disease. But how effective is online learning as a form that guarantees the formation of stable systemic knowledge and skills of students? Can it replace live direct classroom instruction? Can online learning provide knowledge equal to those that students receive in the traditional way - through live contact between student and teacher? The research was conducted in the form of a survey and questionnaire survey. To do this, two hundred students, 100 master's students and one hundred teachers from several Tashkent universities were interviewed. The research was conducted in the form of a survey and questionnaire survey. To do this, two hundred students and one hundred teachers from several Tashkent universities were interviewed and questioned: The National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent State University of Law, Tashkent State Economic University, the branch of Lomonosov Moscow State University in Tashkent, and others. Students of all courses, different faculties, various specialties, with training in Uzbek and Russian languages were surveyed. The same applies to teachers: various universities, departments, scientific degrees, and academic titles, in the Uzbek and Russian languages. The authors compiled two questionnaires (for students and teachers), including the title part, closed and open questions.

Results:

1. Out of the 200 students surveyed - 22% prefer online education - 78% prefer traditional offline learning. (diagram 8)

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00

2. Out of 100 master's students surveyed - 21% prefer online learning - 79 % prefer traditional offline learning. (diagram 9)

00

3. Out of 100 teachers surveyed - 6% prefer online learning - 94% prefer traditional offline learning. (diagram 10)

0 0

The preference for the traditional method of teaching suggests that traditional values also prevail in the field of education. This is despite the fact that distance learning is economically beneficial, as it reduces the costs of universities, students and teachers' expenses for transport, meals, and saves time.

Research 5

In addition, an anonymous and open survey was conducted on attitudes towards LGBT people.

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200 students aged 18 to 26 of various nationalities, religions, and places of residence were

interviewed. Question: How do you feel about LGBT communities?

Answer options :

Positive

Negative

Neutral

Results:

It should be noted that in an open survey, 78 % of respondents expressed a negative attitude, 3% - positive, 18% - neutral (diagram 11)

0

While in an anonymous survey, a negative attitude was expressed by 68 % of respondents. 12 % -positive, 20 % - neutral (diagram 12)

0

Of course, this study does not pretend to any extensive generalizations and conclusions, only designates the problem and stimulates further scientific research.

What logical mechanisms operate in the process of transformation of the scale of values? In the formation of personality, a special role is played by the "logo sphere" - the area of formation of rational thinking, where specific, equipped conditions make it possible for a person to develop successfully. Thus, rational thinking is developed by family, school, college, university, reading books and watching TV shows with their subsequent discussion, etc. Logical thinking enables a person to realize the effect of objective social laws, to identify cause-and-effect relationships, to trace the true, and not the underlying patterns of social processes. Any field of activity of a person involves understanding the goals, ways of achieving, evaluating the results. Today's world, along

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with the achievements of science, high technologies and the growing quality and comfort of life, contains many factors that are obviously harmful to the state and often detrimental to the mental and psychological health of the individual.

These are non-compliance with moral norms and prohibitions in radio and TV shows, glossy magazines, aggressive and intrusive advertising, manipulative marketing, total orientation of the media to endless entertainment and pleasure. All together, this leads to a shift in value attitudes in modern society - traditional values such as patriotism, respect for family, national traditions, love and respect for work, etc. are levelled. So, at present there is a persistent and repeated imposition of moral values, such as a tolerant attitude towards minorities, dissent. Let's call it the pressure method. How effective is it in traditional societies where Islam is the basis of the mentality? This method is effectively opposed by the state system of education and upbringing, where traditional moral values are promoted starting from preschool age, and then at school, colleges and lyceums, universities. There is an alternative impact, the results of which need mandatory sociological research in the future. The method of authority is based on the fact that people tend to refer to any authoritative sources, and this is typical not only for religion, as many think, but also politics, economics, ecology, and so on. Authorities also influence the transformation of the school of values, especially among young people. If the authorities of the older generation are state laws, political leaders, well-known scientists, writers, then the youth may have bloggers, tick-tockers and informal leaders. This effect may be amplified by the peculiarities of adolescent protest behavior. People often use the method of referring to authority to decide exactly how to behave in times of crises, pandemics and in any non-standard situations.

If someone expresses doubt about what is considered valuable to us, in particular, in relation to our loved ones, our state, race, language and religion, then in most cases our reaction to this is expressed in the fact that we show our loyalty based on fixed habitual knowledge, on our own established opinion, on trust, establishing a specific state of consciousness directed against this critical attitude. Thus, our consciousness "protects" us from the information that contradicts our established opinion Since the psychological states of comfort and happiness of people are built on the state of established opinion and trust, they try to distance themselves from the critical comprehension of information. Formal logic, systems analysis helps in such a situation, but only to a certain extent; the situation of rigidity of thinking can be changed by applying the analytical method. "Realizing that all people have different views, social interests, goals and methods of influence, understanding a specific situation from these positions can lead to rethinking, rethinking arguments and the emergence of new methods to achieve sustainable trust.» [6] In our opinion, the main factors of countering uncritical thinking are the education of an independent, analytical approach to the perception of information, healthy doubt in its evaluation; correlation of activity with the level of criticality of the developed thinking, since the psychological states of comfort and happiness of people are built on the state of established opinion and trust, they try to distance themselves from the critical comprehension of information.

Conclusions

Environmental problems occupy an important place in the value system of traditional society. Environmental problems are associated with population growth.

Values in modern traditional societies remain the same as they were formed historically. Thus, respect for parents, for the elderly, for teachers, the kindness and mutual assistance inherent in Islam are highly valued. However, the scale of values is gradually changing. If initially the dominant value was family and marriage, today material well-being, social status, career growth,

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respect, education, professional competence, business communication prevail; which is a direct result of the impact of globalization, the penetration of a different worldview through the information environment, the formation of uncritical thinking in relation to this worldview.

1. The overwhelming majority of respondents (97%) read environmental protection as a global problem of our time. Environmental problems are part of other global problems, primarily demographic ones. The transformation of the value scale among young people reduces the potential for fertility growth.

2. Part of respondents (31 %), one of the most important indicators of a prosperous life is the choice of a successful career with a high salary.

3. The majority of respondents (58 %), in addition to achieving family and educational goals, strive with great zeal to achieve high career success.

4. Most respondents (64 %), tend to base their values on Western standards of success, which leads to a positive assessment of such axiological benchmarks as social status, career growth, education.

5. Part of respondents (18 %), choose family when choosing between family and career, because the strong influence of the traditional value system has not eradicated the idea of family as the highest personal good.

Since the modern young generation is subject to the economic and political changes taking place in society, the choice of the prevailing majority of the respondents is concentrated around the system of Western value standards. Young people make their individual choices based on values that guarantee the prospect of social and material well-being. In our opinion, the main factors of countering uncritical thinking are the education of an independent, analytical approach to the perception of information, a healthy doubt in its evaluation; correlation of activity with the level of criticality of the developed thinking. In any case, this problem remains extremely relevant and deserves further close scientific research. The hierarchical system of values is the basis for the formation of healthy social relations, acting as an effective mechanism for regulating the state as a whole.

Thus, the solution of environmental problems is complex and largely depends on the solution of other problems, primarily demographic ones. So, its solution is directly related to the problem of population growth, including in Uzbekistan. Perhaps the transformation of the scale of values will further reduce population growth and thereby contribute to solving environmental problems.

References:

1. Степанова О.И. Тюкмаева А.М. прогноз рождаемости молодежи Узбекистана (на основе социологического опроса). Jornal of social studies/ volume 4, issue 2, N 2 (2021), p 84

2. Stepanova O. I. Place of business communication in the system of values of Uzbekistan youth. Annals of RSCB, ISSN1583-6258 vol. 25, Issue 3, 2021 p 371

3. Guenon, R., East and West. New York. 2001, p 61

4. Stepanova O. I. , Abdullahanova G. S.

Psychological Aspects and Results of Innovative thinking a manager.Psychology and education (2021), p 371

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6. Cohen, M.R., Nagel, E. An Introduction to Logic and the Scientific Method. New York, 2007, p 193-194

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