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THE PLACE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SAXOPHONE IN UZBEK MUSIC
Bosilov D.Ya.
Bosilov Doston Yakhshiboy ugli - Conductor, MILITARY BAND, ACADEMY OF THE MINISTRY OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: variety art of Uzbekistan has a number of topical and extremely problematic tasks and unique achievements. In recent decades, interest in pop-jazz instrumental music has increased, one of the leading instruments of which has become the saxophone. Pop-jazz music served as an impetus for the popularization of this art, stimulating young professionals to form professional performing skills, knowledge of the style and genre of the saxophone instrument. Based on the requirements of the time, a mechanism for training saxophonists was established, a pop department was created at the conservatory, and later this department was created as the department of "Variety Instrumental Performance ". Teachers and students are actively involved in playing the saxophone. In the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan, research work in the field of pop performance is limited. It should be noted that the importance and place of the saxophone in Uzbek music is measured by the attention and work done on this instrument. Until now, saxophone classes operate in music schools, colleges and lyceums, special music schools, the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan. Also, hundreds of saxophonist students became laureates of the Republican Competition for Young Performers, held every two years. Keywords: music, culture, performance, saxophone, style, genre, ensemble, jazz.
МЕСТО И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ САКСОФОНА В УЗБЕКСКОЙ МУЗЫКЕ
Босилов Д.Я.
Босилов Достон Яхшибой угли - дирижер, военный оркестр, Академия Министерства по чрезвычайным ситуациям, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: эстрадное искусство Узбекистана имеет ряд актуальных и крайне проблемных задач и уникальных достижений. В последние десятилетия возрос интерес к эстрадно-джазовой инструментальной музыке, одним из ведущих инструментов которой стал саксофон. Эстрадно -джазовая музыка послужила толчком к популяризации этого искусства, стимулировала молодых специалистов к формированию профессиональных исполнительских навыков, знанию стиля и жанра инструмента саксофон. Исходя из требований времени, был налажен механизм подготовки саксофонистов, в консерватории было создано эстрадное отделение, а позднее это отделение было создано как кафедра эстрадного инструментального исполнительства. Преподаватели и студенты активно занимаются игрой на саксофоне. В Государственной консерватории Узбекистана научно -исследовательские работы в области эстрадного исполнительства носят ограниченный характер. Следует отметить, что значение и место саксофона в узбекской музыке измеряются вниманием и работой, проделанной над этим инструментом. До сих пор классы саксофона действуют в музыкальных школах, колледжах и лицеях, специальных музыкальных школах, Государственной консерватории Узбекистана. Также сотни студентов-саксофонистов стали лауреатами Республиканского конкурса молодых исполнителей, проводимого раз в два года. Ключевые слова: музыка, культура, исполнительство, саксофон, стиль, жанр, ансамбль, джаз.
"Saxophoniana" instructional manual by N. Saliev, V. Saparov for students studying saxophone performance by professors and teachers of the Department of "Variety Performance" of the Uzbekistan State Conservatory, "Instrumental studies and instrument making" by Revo Markovich Petrov and Botir Matyokubov for music and art colleges " educational guide was created. For many years, the International Jazz Festival has been held in our country every year. Skilled saxophonists, pianists, orchestras and foreign experts will take part in the festival. Therefore, it is obvious that the importance and place of the saxophone in the art of Uzbek music is significant.
In this article, we tried to shed light on the importance and place of the saxophone in Uzbek pop art, at the stage of the introduction of pop art, in the process of its scientific research, the history of Uzbek pop art.
Pop-jazz art, pop performance was inextricably linked with the saxophone instrument in the 20th century, and the jazz genre actually arose before the formation of local traditions and the immigration of Abyssinians to the United States. From the 17th century, forced slaves from Africa brought with them a culture rich in ancient traditions to the "New World" and this culture was influenced by the culture of European settlers.
It can be said that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a new type of professional music class emerged in the southern states of the United States as a result of the mixing of European and African musical cultures.
Jazz is an English form of entertainment music, in French it means "Exclamation". Another definition states that the year 1915 is derived from the name of Jazzbo Brown, who formed the first jazz ensemble in New York. Its creators and carriers were descendants of American Abyssinian slaves.
European pop jazz is famous for American performance compared to saxophone performance. Because it is difficult to draw an almost clear border between European music and pronunciation tones. That's why the quality of musical notes in their performance is different, and it is difficult to seal some of them through modern notation. When we talk about the pop-jazz performance and unique sound of the Abyssinian people, it is necessary to mention one more important aspect. This is the power of sound. That is, a matter of interpretation.
From the point of view of European pop-jazz performance, such strong syncopations seem unnatural. However, when many researchers talk about this issue, one of the ancient traditions of the Abyssinians, the sayings of the singers between the two villages, expressions of mutual movement can be cited as an example.
At the end of the XIX century and at the beginning of the XX century, genres such as blues, spirituals and gospel, which appeared in jazz music, were greatly influenced by the introduction of the saxophone.
In the mentioned genres, it is observed that the means of expressive performance have expanded compared to the traditional European musical expression techniques. In particular, the means of musical expression characteristic of American performance and European performance is enriched with special performance techniques such as glissando, syncopation, broken methods (polyrhythm), sound waves and various performances, and imitation of the sounds of various instruments.
The formation and development of Uzbek pop-jazz music was also greatly influenced by the saxophone. This situation is observed in the works performed by jazz musicians who worked in the early period of the formation of jazz music. This style of imitating speech is called sket in the industry term. Typically, this style is played in the middle of a jazz piece, with the singer mimicking the musician's performance. Today, this tradition is preserved in the jazz concert programs, which are shown around the world.
In it, the performer builds his own musical talent based on improvisation or a theme that does not have a certain meaning. A pop musician creates a square or theme and uses musical elements such as deviations, rhythmic games, and modulation in the duration of a certain musical melody. This technique was first used in jazz vocal performance by Louis Armstrong in 1926 as a singer and trumpet player. Thus, the popular instrumental and vocal genres of American music culture were formed. This variety - jazz genre has spread to other places and around the world with the activity of strong media and communication networks.
In contrast to "light" music such as rock, beat, pop and hit songs, which are widely spread in the world of world music, in our Uzbek musical culture, the term "estrada" is mainly used in the sense of "light" music. To date, the classification of the pop-jazz genre, its exact characteristics in terms of related genres, has hardly been determined. Such issues are among the primary and basic ones in the study of genre.
All the observations of the authors who dealt with the genre based on pop-jazz principles above, and all the observations reflected in their research, give us a reason to draw the following conclusion: The genre based on jazz principles went through similar processes as other genres in the 20th century. At a time when classicist rules lost their power, at a time when there was no style variety, color, and clear stability, the music art of the 20th century found ways of genre structure and form. The direction known especially as American jazz music took root in different countries under different names. On its basis, musical trends of a light nature appeared. These types of music directions began to be called by different terms in the world of music. Examples of them are rock, beat, pop music, "Light" music, etc., which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. The political change as a result of the coup in Russia in 1917, the division of the world into two camps - capitalism and socialism, required a revision of the whole field accordingly. The above-mentioned musical trends were called "Estrada" by socialism. In our Republic, which was founded in 1924, the term "Estrada" was used to designate the art of music in this direction.
Even now, our old singers remember that in the difficult situations of the 20th century, they performed improvisations and jam sessions in closed spaces in the pop-jazz genre. In the art of pop music of Uzbekistan, from the point of view of today, there is a column of urgent and extremely problematic tasks and unique achievements. Scientific research works in the field of pop performance at the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan are limited, and scientific research in this regard is finding its way over time. At the stage of the introduction of the genre of saxophone performance in Uzbek pop music, this master's thesis was attempted to shed light on the history of Uzbek pop performance in the course of its scientific research.
References / Список литературы
1. Petrov Revo Markovich, Matyakurov Botir. Cholg'ushunoslik va cholg'ulashtirish. Toshkent, 2006.
