CC BY
4
Almenova G.P. student
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Azhiniyaz
Uzbekistan, Nukus
THE MEDICINAL VALUE OF CROP WILD RELATIVES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS FROM THE FABACEAE LINDL. FAMILY REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Abstract: The article analyzes the crop wild relatives of cultivated plants from the Fabaceae Lindl. family, the flora of the Republic of Karakalpakstan by their medicinal properties. Analysis of the synopsis showed that WRCP consists of 10 genera and 15 species, and revealed the presence of 10 medicinal plants. Of these, two species are represented in the genera Alhagi Hill, Ammodendron Fisch, Astragalus L., Glicirrhiza L., Melilotus Mill, and in the rest Caragana Fabr., Medicago L., Onobrychis Hill, Trigonella L., Trifolium L. ...
Key words: crop wild relatives of cultivated plants, flora, the medicinal value.
Introduction. About 80% of Uzbekistan's area is occupied by deserts, of which Kyzylkum is the largest with an area of 30 million hectares. A unique gene pool of various ecological groups is concentrated on the territory of Uzbekistan, which is a valuable reserve of forage, raw materials, medicinal, food and other useful plants.[1].
Determination of biological productivity and rational use of wildlife is one of the most important tasks of modern ecology. [2].
Evaluation and preservation of the gene pool of desert wild species of local flora is closely related to the study of morpho-anatomical characters, chemical composition, including economic value.
Medicinal plants, like other natural resources, are the property of the people and their protection is one of the most important tasks today. This should be remembered from the moment of organizing work on their procurement. When the areas and scales of procurement of medicinal raw materials are determined and explanatory work is carried out with collectors, special attention should be paid to the following: in order to preserve the habitats of useful plants, it is necessary to harvest only those parts of them (leaves, flowers, grass) that will be used, and strictly in the required amount. The entire plant should not be destroyed predatory by uprooting it. When harvesting medicinal raw materials, the species surrounding the medicinal plant must not be damaged. The underground organs of plants are usually harvested after the fruit has ripened, which must first be collected and scattered around the mother plant to ensure the preservation of natural thickets, and only then the plant must be dug up. It should be remembered that plant conservation is the business of every inhabitant of our planet.
The republic possesses innumerable plant resources and many of them have not yet been touched by the breeder's hand. Creating new varieties, breeders are increasingly turning to wild forms of one type or another. [3].
Crop wild relatives of cultivated plants (WRCP) are carriers of such biological properties as resistance to extreme environmental factors (high and low temperatures, droughts, salinity, flooding, etc.), as well as to diseases, pests, etc. Therefore, further progress in breeding is not conceivable without the comprehensive and complete use of wild relatives of cultivated plants.
A prominent place in the composition of crop wild relatives of cultivated plants for economic use belongs to the representatives of the legume family (Fabaceae Lindl.). In Karakalpakstan, out of 171 single WRCP species, the legume family consists of 10 genera and 15 species. Which belong to different life forms[4,
5].
Objects and research methods. The objects of study are wild medicinal plants of the Fabaceae Lindl family of the natural flora of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The proposed list of wild relatives of cultivated melliferous plants was developed on the basis of a literature review.
Family Fabaceae - one of the largest families of the world's flora, herbaceous and woody plants. Legumes are easily recognizable by their flower shape. Another sign of legumes is a fruit characteristic only for this family, a bean. Valuable food plants are high in protein. (beans, mung bean, soybeans, peas, peanuts, etc.) vegetable oil, a source of medicinal substances, decorative, technical, etc. Many leguminous plants on the roots have nodules filled with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Considering, on the one hand, the insignificance and, on the other hand, the specificity of the species composition of the desert flora of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, knowledge about the use of useful qualities of plants is of particular interest. [6, 7].
Research results. Our research has shown that in the Fabaceae lindl. WRCP is marked with 10 genera and 15 species. Two of them were recorded in the genera Alhagi Hill, Ammodendron Fisch., Astragalus L., Glicirrhiza L. and Melilotus Mill. In other genera, one species is presented (Table 1).
Table 1
The medicinal value of crop wild relatives of cultivated plants from the _Fabaceae Lindl family._
Fabaceae Lindl family.
№ Genera Species Med
1 Alhagi Hill 1,1 A.persarum Boiss. et Bushe +
2,2 A. pseudoalhagi (Bieb.) Fisch. +
2 Ammodendron Fisch 1,3 A. conollyi Bunge +
2,4 A. longiracemosum Raik +
3 Astragalus L. 1,5 A. transcaspicus Freyn
2,6 A. unifolialatus Bunge
4 Caragana Fabr. 1,7 C. grandiflora (Beib.) DC.
5 Glicirrhiza L. 1,8 G.aspera L +
2,9 G. glabra L. +
6 Medicago L. 1,10 M. lupulina L +
7 Melilotus Mill 1,11 M. albus Medik. +
2,12 M. officinalis (L.) Pall +
8 Onobrychis Hill 1,13 O.micranta Schrenk.
9 Trigonella L. 1,14 T. grandiflora Bunge
10 Trifolium L. 1,15 T. repens L +
Всего 10
The table shows that the analysis of the composition of plants from the Fabaceae Lindl. Family, found within the Republic of Karakalpakstan, revealed 10 species of medicinal plants. Of these, A. persarum Boiss medicinal species are of the genus Alhagi Hill. et Bushe and A. pseudoalhagi (Bieb.), and from the genus Ammodendron Fisch species A. conollyi Bunge and A. longiracemosum Raik, two species G. aspera L and G. glabra L. from the genus Glicirrhiza L., species M. albus Medik. and M. officinalis (L.) Pall from the genus Melilotus Mill. The other of the genera are represented by one species of medicinal plants - M. lupulina L, a species from the genus Medicago L. and T. repens L from the genus Trifolium L.
Other species: T. grapdiflora Bunge from the genus Trigonella L., O. micranta Schrenk. from the genus Onobrychis Hill, C. grandiflora (Beib.) DC. from the genus Caragana Fabr. and the species A. transcaspicus Freyn and A. unifolialatus Bunge from the genus Astragalus L. have no medicinal properties.
Conclusions. It should be noted that the given figures for the composition of crop wild relatives of cultivated plants from the Fabaceae Lindl. flora of Karakalpakstan is not yet final. Further detailed study of the flora of individual regions of the republic, undoubtedly, should lead to a clarification of the number of genera and species of flora of the republic that are of economic value.
Thus, summarizing the above, we can conclude that the wild medicinal flora of the Republic of Karakalpakstan has significant potential and, with rational and competent use, will provide the population not only with high-quality, environmentally friendly drugs, but also other valuable products for folk treatment of various diseases.
References:
1. Бутник А.А., Тодерич К.Н., Матюнина Т.Е. и др. Справочник по морфологии плодов и биологии прорастания семян пустынных растений Центральной Азий. Т.: «Янги нашр». 2016.
2. Чудновская Г.В. Sanquisorba officinalis L. В восточном Забайкалье. УДК 582.734 (581.52). 2013
3. Рафиков А.А., Тетюхин Г.Ф. Снижение уровня Аральского моря и изменение природных условий низовьев Амударьи. Ташкент. Фан. 1981. -С. 6-11.
4. Ажиев А. Б., Назарбаева Г., Баходирова Д. Распределение дикорастущих сородичей культурных растений Республики Каракалпакстан по хозяйственно-ценным группам // Научный медицинский вестник, 2016. N4(6). -С. 51-58.
5. Ажиев А.Б., Баходирова Д.Б., Назарбаева Г.А. Анализ распределения хозяйственно-ценных видов дикорастущих сородичей культурных растений республики Каракалпакстан // Проблемы современной науки и образования. 2017. № 6 (88). -С. 14-16. DOI: 10.20861/2304-2338-2017-88.
6. Умаров Е., Даулетова К. Природы и хозяйство Каракалпакской АССР. Нукус. Каракалпакстан. 1989. -С.18-28.
7. Шербаев Б.Ш. Флора и растительность Каракалпакии. Нукус. Каракалпакстан. 1988. 297 с.
