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THE MARKET POWER OF GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANIES IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION. AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE OCLC WORLDCAT
Arno Tausch
This article evaluates tendencies and trends of the global academic publishing industry, vital for any reasonable long-term publication strategy planning in research. Such analyses are made possible today by the OCLC Worldcat. Our multivariate attempt, combining Worldcat global library circulation figures of publisher companies with results from earlier publisher ranking studies, is based on factor analysis of 32 variables, and our promax factor analytical model establishes that there are eight factors of global publisher impact, explaining almost 86 % of total variance:
1. overall global standing of the company
2. company as a factor on the market
3. company impact on the global political and economic debate
4. successfully distributing best-sellers
5. impact on the scholarly community
6. successfully distributing production to more than 50 global Worldcat libraries
7. output during the last five years
8. outstanding academic quality
Of the 51 companies with complete data under investigation here, the following companies are classified in the upper half: Oxford University Press; Springer; Cambridge University Press; Routledge; World Bank; Princeton University Press; Elsevier; CRC Press; University of Chicago Press; University of California Press; Palgrave Macmillan; MIT Press; Yale University Press; University of North Carolina Press; De Gruyter; Wiley-Blackwell; Kluwer Academic Publishers; University of Pennsylvania Press; Johns Hopkins University Press; Brill; Nova Science Publishers; University of Illinois Press; Duke University Press; University of Washington Press; and Edward Elgar. Scientists, wanting to get global audiences, are well advised to publish with those companies; and journal editors, wanting to get a global distribution for their journals, are equally well advised to cooperate with them.
Keywords: role of economics; role of economists; history of thought: individuals; entertainment; media (performing arts, visual arts, broadcasting, publishing).
Journal of Globalization Studies, Vol. 9 No. 2, November 2018 63-91 DOI: 10.30884/jogs/2018.02.05
63
Introduction
The global library network OCLC Worldcat was founded in 1967 at the Ohio College Library Center as a federation of just only 54 Ohio colleges while today it already brings together 16,548 libraries in 124 countries. Thus, it is by far the largest library network in the world and it offers unique opportunities for academic 'marketing research' in all disciplines, including globalization studies. Its full version, OCLC First Search, is an indispensable tool for academic research, analysis and academic strategy planning. But even open access versions of the Worldcat already contain vital information for the producers and consumers of global social science, including globalization studies, alike.
OCLC Worlcat - a Necessary Compass in the World of Globalized Social Science
Our article attempts to provide some basic ideas about the globalized publishing industry, the tool to transport globally academic findings, and it does so with the help of OCLC tools, like OCLC First Search, but also the open access portals OCLC Classify, OCLC advanced search, and TE PUNA (the New Zealand Library catalogue) on OCLC, which already offers freely enormous opportunities for the global research community (https://tepuna.on.Worldcat.org/discovery).
The basic idea of the project, which was founded by Frederick Kilgour (1914— 2006), was to unite the knowledge of humanity available in libraries. Today, the catalog ranges from the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, Alaska to the Universidad de Concepción in Southern Chile, and from Tromso University in Northern Norway to the University of Cape Town, South Africa, and is now expanding into the Asia-Pacific region as well into the Middle East, and Worldcat now integrates major libraries in the BRICS countries. It will be difficult to find a university library from one of the top 100 universities in the world, classified under the Shanghai University Ranking1 System or the SCIMAGO SIR University and Research Institute ranking,2 based on SCOPUS indexed publications3 that is not a member of the OCLC Woldcat. Virtually all major libraries in Western Europe are also members of the OCLC Worldcat today, for example 428 in Germany, 1,212 in France and 261 in Italy.
Can any reputable academic research library now afford to remain outside this vast global network? With 389 million entries in 491 languages, with over 40 million daily accesses worldwide? Reasons for membership are manifold: to make the knowledge of teachers and students stored at local libraries globally more visible, provide scientists and students with an important navigation aid in the international science market et cetera.
The OCLC Worldcat - Designing Scientific Publication Strategy and Assessing Global Scientific Impact on Your Smartphone or at a Mouse Click
Even on a smartphone, and even the open access the New Zealand TE PUNA on World-cat offers enormous research opportunities, for example the ranking of all the 1988 global journals by global library presence corresponding to the keyword 'globalization' (see Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Ranking the global library presence of globalization-related scientific journals with the open-access Worldcat version available from the New Zealand catalogue TE PUNA on a smartphone
In Fig. 2, we show the global library outreach of the journal best corresponding to the profile of the present journal, the 'Journal of Globalization Studies'. Pure and simple, the list of global libraries cataloguing this competing journal (the 'Journal of Globalization and Development' published by Berkeley Electronic Press),4 shows the current maximum market for any competing globalization studies journal, and this market consists of only 454 libraries around the world.
Ii tepuna.on.worldcat.org G
Here, the system tells you the global library presence of a given scientific product
p
■ Journal of globalization and Q N development.
® Description
© Editions & Formats
23 Found
O Availability
© Other Links
O Librarles Worldwide
454 Librarles
Sea re h librarles: Librarles Worldwide
û cp a
Fig. 2. The library impact of the globalization studies journal with the highest global library impact
The publishers and the editors of the present journal now can compare their own global distribution figures with those of the Berkeley 'Journal of Globalization and Development', and target the directors of the libraries, already subscribed to 'Journal of Globalization and Development' and not yet subscribed to the 'Journal of Globalization Studies' with subscription offers.
Fig. 3. The address lists of libraries subscribed to a competing journal in the field of globalization studies on a smartphone
Further questions that can be answered with the OCLC Worldcat First Search are, for example: how efficiently does your country's or your city's or your University's science reach a geographically extremely disperse audience? OCLC Classify even answers the understandable query by any scientific author whether his or publications are available at Harvard and Yale, Oxford and Cambridge, at the Nehru University in Delhi, at the Ben Gurion University in Be'er Sheva, Israel, and in Sao Paulo? And in Morocco and Jordan, in Ghana, in Ulan Bator and in Beijing? In Sydney and in Singapore? Malaysia or Botswana? And all this is made visible today with a single mouse click on your computer or with the touch of your thumb on your smartphone! Here, show to our readers the readership of Piketty's classic (2014) in the geographical region of Central and East Asia:
Fig. 4. Searching for global library presence with the Open Access Version OCLC Classify: the presence of Piketty's classic (Piketty 2014) in Central Asia
Why you should phone your chief librarian today, telling him/her that your library must become immediately a member of the OCLC Worldcat system
So, what are the general benefits of OCLC Worldcat?
• Access to data on library holdings and services with 2 billion holdings;
• Library-centered research that draws members' attention to important topics and trends, including access to reports from OCLC Research.
In the following I present what are OCLC Worldcat's main application areas for scientific strategy development in a global world market for science products today:
1) Determination of the global library impact of individual scientists, but also institutes, universities, the provision of objective criteria for the assessment of the effect of book or journal publications.
2) Book Publication Impact Monitoring, also for impact studies of books, studies and journals written at your research center on a global level and in individual regions of the world, even over time.
3) Quick selection of the most suitable publishers for future academic book publications which have the highest global readership for specific topics over the last few years and which have made the works of researchers available to a maximum of libraries worldwide.
4) Academic publishers based in your country would be able to search specifically for global libraries that already represent a true comparable market for products produced at your company in comparison to existing market leaders.
5) Which libraries worldwide are buying products from, say, Austrian, Australian, Brazilian, Chinese, Russian et cetera publishers? How does it compare to the distribution figures for competing publishers with a similar profile from, say, Scandinavia, the Netherlands, etc., discipline for discipline?
The harsh realities of global academic publishing
Worldcat is not only your publisher's marketing department's dream, and a powerful tool of scientific impact research, suitable for Vice-Deans, Vice-Presidents of Universi-
ties etc. OCLC Worldcat tells us also a lot about the harsh realities of the globalization of science today.
We can estimate from the OCLC data that of the more than 300 million books held in global libraries, more than 120 million books were published in English, 43 million in German, and around 31 million in French. Especially German as a scientific language is tremendously on the retreat over the last decades. Of the 20.8 million books published in the last five years, 45 per cent were published in English, and in the field of political science, for example, this share was even 55 per cent. The concentration of the publication process on a global scale is enormous. In the field of political science alone, 13 leading publishers with an output of more than 400 political science books during the last five years published none the less than 38 per cent of the 1.7 million English language political science titles during the last five years.
Table 1 summarizes this global concentration process and the global maximum library outreach of these companies.
Table 1
The global main publishers of political science during the last five years
Publisher OCLC WC Political sci- Political science Continuity of Share of politi-
number of political science books pub- ence book (last 5 years) with the highest book (last 5 years) with the 50th highest performance -top 50 political science books cal science titles per total titles,
lished in the last 5 years global library circulation rate global library circulation rate (last 5 years) last 5 years
Routledge 14,552 681 224 32.89 5.25
Palgrave 10,949 1,310 166 12.67 9.08
Macmillan
Springer 10,083 692 305 44.08 1.97
Oxford Univer- 6,759 873 397 45.48 5.16
sity Press
Cambridge Uni- 5,236 807 230 28.50 5.20
versity Press
Princeton Uni- 1,405 1,321 622 47.09 6.29
versity Press
Brill 838 846 85 10.05 1.89
Edward Elgar 813 236 54 22.88 4.22
University of 672 1,297 427 32.92 8.74
Pennsylvania Press
De Gruyter 582 1,283 42 3.27 0.77
University of 484 624 141 22.60 3.95
Chicago Press
Yale University 408 832 186 22.36 3.09
Press
Nova Science 402 695 458 65.90 2.43
Publishers
Source: calculated with https://tepuna.on.Worldcat.org/discovery - books only.
We also have to emphasize that authors publishing only in Russian, German or in other languages other than English find it much harder to reach global markets than authors, who presented their works in English in the first place. A good work published with a leading Russian or German language book company will often reach only 40, 50,
or 100 global libraries as a maximum. But even high-quality English language books might find it sometimes hard to find an appropriate library outreach of more than 50 libraries, especially if the price of a book is high or if your publisher's marketing facilities are not so well developed. A global social scientific star, sociologist Prof. Ronald T. In-glehart, reached with an American University Press publisher (Abramson and Inglehart 2009) 1,235 global libraries, while with a renown Canadian publisher (Inglehart 2002) only global 175 libraries. It would be sheer nonsense to believe that book number 1 by colleague Inglehart is seven times 'better' or 'more important' than book number 2, because it achieved seven times more library holdings.
If even a flagship foreign language publication like the Russian language 'Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia', which was studied in the days of the Cold War by hundreds of Western security and defense experts, only makes it to 125 global libraries, then it is not scientific quality or political importance, which matter, but that the journal is a foreign language product on the Anglo-American dominated market, pure and simple. Seen in such away, a library outreach of 100 libraries for a scientific publication published in a country like Russia is not a defeat but a victory. Still, the publishers of 'Mirovaia ekonomika' can compare the holdings of their journal with the maximum circulation of any Russian language journal in the world today, the 'Obshchestvo: Politika, ekonomika, pravo = Society: politics, economics, law.' published in Krasnodar by the LLC Publishing House 'HORS', [according to OCLC First Search at 676 global libraries]. These 676 global libraries can safely be assumed to constitute the maximum library outreach of any social science publication published in the language of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin.
As we show in the following, there are severe international market constraints even for English language academic publications, printed at any of the University Presses of the world today.
Fig. 5. Searching for the University Press publication with the highest global outreach
on OCLC First Search
Only 1.93 per cent of the global University Press publications of the last five years reached more than 500 global libraries, and the record holder was not unsurprisingly the work by Piketty (2014). Piketty's global audience is a good indication of the maximum market of an English language book or journal on globalization.
Libcitation - a New Scientific Tool to Assess Academic Marketing Success, Based on OCLC Worldcat Data
Usual attempts in the field of bibliometry are centered on the concept of citation patterns, while the globalization of book production has seldom been studied in its totality. And yet, it is evident that in the fields of social sciences and the humanities, where book production is still considered to be a major channel of scientific output, such attempts must and should be made.
The present article attempts then to apply so-called Libcitation measurement techniques, recently developed in the context of the Excellence in Research for Australia program. Libcitation, a term first coined in a published article by Howard D. White et al., is a measure designed to estimate the global or also regional presence of authors, universities, research institutes or an entire scientific community on different markets:
[The] [...] measure introduced here is called the Libcitation. [...] It is made on books. For a particular book (i.e., edition of a title), it increases by 1 every time a different library reports acquiring that book in a national or an international union catalog. Readers are invited to think of union catalogs in a new way: as 'librarians' citation indexes.' The idea is that, when librarians commit scarce resources to acquiring and cataloging a book, they are in their own fashion citing it, just as scholars do when they refer to it in new works of their own; both are engaged in bibliographic speech acts. As these 'librarians' citations' accrue differentially to different books in union catalogs, we gain data for a new indicator. The number of libraries holding a book at a given time constitutes its Libcitation count.
Counting the presence of author's or even publishing companies' outputs in Union catalogues is a straightforward methodology to ascertain something like the 'real market weight'. White et al. point to the fact that:
Whereas traditional citation counts reflect judgments by authors' peers on publications useful to them, Libcitation counts reflect judgments by librarians on the usefulness of publications for their various audiences of readers. The Libcitation measure thus resembles a citation impact measure in discriminating values of publications on a defined ground. It rewards authors whose books (or other publications) are seen by librarians as having relatively wide appeal. A book's absolute appeal can be determined simply by counting how many libraries hold it, but it can also be gauged in relation to other books in its subject class.
Since there is a very close working relationship between scholarly and teaching activities and the respective libraries at Universities around the world, we can only emphasize the point made by White et al.
We anticipate the cry, 'But librarians aren't like citers; they don't know anything!' It is true that librarians rarely make new knowledge claims and are seldom considered the peers of the scientists and scholars who do. Neverthe-
less, what they acquire and record in union catalogs involves the wide cultural literacy that is at the heart of librarianship. On the service front, Libcitations reflect librarians' knowledge of audiences - their approximate sizes, the topics that interest them, their degrees of expertise, and their localized concerns (e.g., what is important to Australians as opposed to non-Australians). On the book front, Libcitations reflect what librarians know about the prestige of publishers, the opinions of reviewers, and the reputations of authors. The latter may be colored by, for example, authors' academic affiliations, previous sales, prizes, awards, distinguished appointments, mass media coverage, Web presence, and citedness. All of these are signals of what readers are likely to want, and librarians must be attuned to them. A book's Libcitation count is thus its holdings count in a union catalog seen in a different light. Holdings counts are an unobtrusive measure that cannot be altered by researchers changing their behavior. They cannot easily be 'gamed,' assuming current standards of record keeping. They may change over time, but data on them already have accumulated for many years in several union catalogs, and millions of them are by now quite stable.
Even if we could theoretically assume that 'non-scientific, non-market pressure' by scientists could influence the book ordering policies of a few departments or libraries, a strong position of a given scientist or journal or publication in the library holdings of tens of thousands of libraries around the globe cannot be the product of coincidence or collusive pressure alone. Librarians, first of all, listen to the ordering wishes from the respective faculties and academic departments at their institutions, secondly, they, for themselves, also evaluate the current literature reviews and even international press articles to round up their opinions on the developments of a given discipline and their implications for catalogue development.
Zuccala et al. (2015) already established that there is a close correlation between Scopus-Indexed publications and global library presence in Worldcat. Our chosen indicators take into account the all-too-well-known fact that the global audiences in the social sciences are hardly known. Usual attempts at citation-based rankings try to measure the standing of scientists with other members of the science community, and hardly with the global public at large.
At the same time, this way of measurement is much more market-decision based than analyses based on citation patterns, which tell us hardly anything about the geographical aspects of the world distribution of knowledge. A librarian or a library community, in addition, has to spend scarce resources on each purchased book, and their decision to buy an academic title, often at the price of 70$, 80$, or more, is a real decision to devote scarce resources.
Since publishers, with justification, regard global and geographically broken-down sales figures as a well-guarded secret, available only to the publisher(s) and their au-thor(s), and since the usual alternative - available bestseller rankings from Internet bookstores - are but a very unreliable indicator of the development of the global publishing market, and change frequently over time, we are practically left to work only with this relatively new methodology. We round up our methodology by the yearly download figures of the respective articles on the analyzed companies contained in Wikipedia.
Rankings of Book Publishers
In the past, there were several attempts to rank book publishers by qualitative methods. The Dutch Research Consortium SENSE5 used five categories. This ranking was based on the subjective opinion of the scientists working for this important consortium in the field of environmental studies in the Netherlands:
I refereed book publications:
A: Refereed book publications published by the world top of publishers;
B: Refereed book publications published by the world's semi-top of publishers;
C: Refereed book publications published by other publishers;
II non-refereed book publications
D: published for an academic public (professional publications);
E: mainly published for a non-academic (general) public.
Their ranking reached the following conclusion about the global top players in the field of global academic publishing:
A-publishers (a few top-notch international publishers)
Cambridge University Press
Columbia University Press
Harvard University Press
John's Hopkins University Press
MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts
Oxford University Press
Princeton University Press
Stanford University Press
University of Chicago Press
Yale University Press
An influential study by the Universidad de Granada6 was based on the Clarivate Analytics 'Book Citation Index'7 and ranked Springer, Palgrave Macmillan, Routledge, Cambridge University Press, Elsevier, Nova Science Publishers, Edward Elgar, Information Age Publishing, Princeton University Press and University of California Press as the global leading academic publishers.
The University of Groningen in the Netherlands, one of the world's 100 top Universities, now runs a system by which researchers and students from around the world can find complete information on the book and journal publishing companies, chosen by the staff of one of the world's leading Universities for their scientific publications.8 This complete documentation system, currently listing more than 233,000 scientific publications, informs us for example that in view of the list reproduced in Table 1 of this essay, there were 657 Groningen publications with Routledge, 170 publications with Palgrave, but 2,120 publications with Springer and 48 publications with Nova Science Publishers, the last of the mentioned 13 companies in our Table 1. 5,903 publications by the Groningen University researchers took place in the context of any University Press around the world; and one essay, van der Vliet (2008), was published with Uchitel, the publishing company of the present journal.
Methods for the Empirical Analysis of Publisher Market Power
Now, this essay builds on a bibliometric analysis of 57 major book publishing companies, for which there are complete available data for both the above-mentioned SENSE Index and the book-citation related study by Torres-Salinas et al., 2012, 2013, and 2014a, 2014b, referred to here as the 'Granada studies' in bibliometrics (Tausch 2015a).
With the data, now available from OCLC, the author calculated or collected the following variables in addition to the comprehensive Tausch, 2015a study:
• % of titles with an OCLC Worldcat circulation between 50 and 500 global libraries9
• % of titles with an OCLC Worldcat circulation of less than 50 global libraries10
• % of titles with an OCLC Worldcat circulation of more than 500 global libraries11
• book (last 5 years) with the 50th highest OCLC Worldcat circulation rate12
• book (last 5 years) with the highest OCLC Worldcat circulation rate13
• continuity of performance - 50th best circulated book compared to the top circulated book (last 5 years)14
• OCLC WC number of book titles published in the last 5 years (TE PUNA on Worldcat)15
• Recent titles with more than 50 OCLC Worldcat circulation16
• Recent titles with more than 500 OCLC Worldcat circulation17
• total number of recent titles (not just books; OCLC First Search)18
• Wikipedia monthly downloads of articles featuring the company over last year (English sites only)19
In view of the importance of the social media and the Internet for company reputation today, we also included data about Wikipedia monthly downloads of articles featuring the company over last year. These data also reflect, as the rest of our indicators, the element of the standing of a company with the general publics and not just the academic community alone.
The Tausch, 2015a variables, again used in the present study were: Publishing the results of science
• Quantity Indicator - number of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Citation Index20
• Citations of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Citation Index21
• Harvard Library number of titles (books only)22
• number of references about the company in books - Questia23 Citations, impact and standing in the academic community
• average citations - books and book chapters24
• standard deviation citations books and book chapters25
• Sense Quality Indicator for multivariate analysis26
• Harvard HOLLIS ratio of books checked out per total holdings (books
only)27
• average citations - books in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly ThomsonReuters) book citation index28
• number of references about the company in scholarly journals - Questia29 Market penetration in industrialized Western countries
• Japanese NACSIS top library outreach (books only)30
• Japanese NACSIS 200th library outreach (books only)31
• Swedish LIBRIS top library outreach32
• Swedish LIBRIS 50th library outreach33
Attention given to the books by the international decision makers
• Items in ECLAS catalogue of the European Union in Brussels34
• Items in World Bank/IMF JOLIS library catalogue Washington (books
only)35
Market penetration in developing countries
• Items in the IndCat (India) Union catalog36 Attention given to the books in the international media
• number of references about the company in magazines - Questia37
• number of references about the company in newspapers - Questia38
It was expected that all quality and quantity criteria correlate very highly with each other. For that reason, the author chose the factor analytical model of promax factor analysis (see Tausch 2015b). The factor analytical results were also used to arrive at a combined index of publisher market power. This index combines the factor scores for each derived factor, weighted by the Eigenvalues (see, for an extensive debate about these procedures, Tausch 2015b).
Results
Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5 are reprinted here for the specialists, and they should describe the most important aspects of our factor analytical model of publisher market power in a globalized world of science.
Table 2
The multivariate promax factor model of publisher market power - variance explained
Variance explained
Wikipedia monthly downloads, English, last year 0.643
OCLC WC number of books published in the last 5 years 0.971
book (last 5 years) with the highest global library circulation rate 0.735
book (last 5 years) with the 50th highest global library circulation rate 0.958
continuity of performance - top 50 books (last 5 years) 0.807
Quantity Indicator - number of books and book chapters in the Clari-vate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Citation Index 0.848
Citations of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Citation Index 0.940
average citations - books and book chapters 0.765
standard deviation citations books and book chapters 0.904
Sense Quality Indicator for multivariate analysis 0.665
Harvard Library number of titles (books only) 0.852
Harvard HOLLIS ratio of books checked out per total holdings (books only) 0.839
average citations - books in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) book citation index 0.856
Tausch • The Market Power of Global Scientific Publishing Companies 1 75
I I
Variance explained
Japanese NACSIS top library outreach (books only) 0.843
Japanese NACSIS 200th library outreach (books only) 0.925
Swedish LIBRIS top library outreach 0.707
Swedish LIBRIS 50th library outreach 0.765
number of references about the company in books - Questia 0.843
number of references about the company in scholarly journals -Questia 0.938
number of references about the company in magazines - Questia 0.946
number of references about the company in newspapers - Questia 0.932
Items in ECLAS catalogue Brussels 0.899
Items in World Bank/IMF JOLIS library catalogue Washington (books only) 0.936
Items in the IndCat (India) Union catalog 0.886
total number of recent titles 0.968
Recent titles with more than 50 circulation 0.978
Recent titles with more than 500 circulation 0.727
% of titles with a circulation of more than 500 0.823
% of titles with a circulation between 50 and 500 0.914
% of titles with a circulation of less than 50 0.969
Table 3
The multivariate promax factor model of publisher market power - cumulative percentage of total variance explained and Eigenvalues
Eigenvalues % of variance explained Cumulated percentage of variance explained
overall global standing of the company 10,156 33,855 33,855
company is a factor on the market 3,471 11,569 45,424
company impact on the global political and economic debate 3,012 10,041 55,465
successfully distributing best-sellers 2,570 8,567 64,032
impact on the scholarly community 2,193 7,309 71,341
successfully distributing production to more than 50 libraries 1,689 5,628 76,970
output during the last 5 years 1,587 5,291 82,261
outstanding academic quality 1,105 3,684 85,945
Table 4
Factor loadings
overall global standing of the company company is a factor on the market company impact on the global political and economic debate successfully distributing best-sellers impact on the scholarly community successfully distributing production to more than 50 libraries output during the last 5 years outstanding academic quality
Wikipedia monthly downloads, English, last year 0.775 0.284 0.118 0.304 0.312 0.062 -0.067 0.044
OCLC WC number of books published in the last 5 years 0.514 0.974 0.262 0.274 0.067 0.233 0.017 0.049
book (last 5 years) with the highest global library circulation rate 0.509 0.124 0.010 0.808 0.084 0.297 -0.034 -0.008
book (last 5 years) with the 50th highest global library circulation rate 0.459 0.226 0.081 0.969 0.201 0.134 -0.003 0.080
continuity of performance -top 50 books (last 5 years) 0.352 0.243 0.287 0.863 0.223 0.115 0.072 0.136
Quantity Indicator - number of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Citation Index 0.376 0.873 0.189 0.253 0.049 0.456 0.131 0.093
Citations of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly ThomsonReuters) Book Cittation Index 0.413 0.942 0.223 0.280 0.182 0.422 0.006 0.111
average citations - books and book chapters 0.232 0.126 0.181 0.093 0.852 0.027 -0.117 0.208
standard deviation citations books and book chapters 0.458 0.214 0.502 0.353 0.845 0.221 -0.074 0.235
Sense Quality Indicator for multivariate analysis 0.705 0.120 0.066 0.504 0.082 0.370 -0.077 0.038
Harvard Library number of titles (books only) 0.751 0.777 0.282 0.314 0.102 0.241 -0.085 0.010
Harvard HOLLIS ratio of books checked out per total holdings (books only) 0.064 -0.038 -0.029 0.105 0.233 0.194 -0.025 0.865
average citations - books in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) book citation index 0.398 0.130 0.230 0.265 0.910 -0.003 -0.115 -0.043
Japanese NACSIS top library outreach (books only) 0.816 0.334 0.271 0.494 0.445 0.181 -0.119 0.400
Japanese NACSIS 200th library outreach (books only) 0.941 0.536 0.315 0.489 0.381 0.168 -0.090 0.067
overall global standing of the company company is a factor on the market company impact on the global political and economic debate successfully distributing best-sellers impact on the scholarly community successfully distributing production to more than 50 libraries output during the last 5 years outstanding academic quality
Swedish LIBRIS top library outreach 0.809 0.390 0.333 0.509 0.239 0.122 0.021 0.179
Swedish LIBRIS 50th library outreach 0.716 0.462 0.333 0.715 0.151 0.216 0.134 -0.067
number of references about the company in books -Questia 0.886 0.196 0.302 0.426 0.284 0.192 -0.034 -0.035
number of references about the company in scholarly journals - Questia 0.759 0.350 0.795 0.313 0.295 0.114 0.020 0.009
number of references about the company in magazines -Questia 0.295 0.232 0.953 0.165 0.317 -0.043 0.004 0.003
number of references about the company in newspapers -Questia 0.261 0.761 0.752 0.175 0.139 0.080 0.036 0.046
Items in ECLAS catalogue Brussels 0.298 0.937 0.208 0.175 0.080 0.214 -0.080 0.045
Items in World Bank/IMF JOLIS library catalogue Washington (books only) 0.270 0.207 0.948 0.100 0.306 -0.052 0.015 0.009
Items in the IndCat (India) Union catalog 0.855 0.556 0.379 0.204 0.257 -0.011 -0.008 0.001
total number of recent titles -0.073 -0.008 0.034 0.014 -0.137 -0.077 0.982 -0.093
Recent titles with more than 50 circulation -0.036 0.031 0.056 0.042 -0.109 0.025 0.986 -0.074
Recent titles with more than 500 circulation 0.078 0.046 0.643 0.059 -0.141 0.233 0.219 0.484
% of titles with a circulation of more than 500 0.154 0.206 0.185 0.106 -0.153 0.571 -0.281 0.778
% of titles with a circulation between 50 and 500 0.165 0.338 0.032 0.170 0.057 0.932 0.013 0.221
% of titles with a circulation of less than 50 -0.188 -0.350 -0.088 -0.177 0.003 -0.965 0.082 -0.442
Table 5
Correlations between the factors of publisher market power
Component overall global standing of the company company is a factor on the market company impact on the global political and economic debate successfully distributing best-sellers impact on the scholarly community successfully distributing production to more than 50 libraries output during the last 5 years outstanding academic quality
overall global standing of the company 1.000 0.417 0.319 0.493 0.304 0.196 -0.055 0.064
company is a factor on the market 0.417 1.000 0.295 0.223 0.109 0.251 0.004 0.061
company impact on the global political and economic debate 0.319 0.295 1.000 0.160 0.209 0.056 0.063 0.128
successfully distributing bestsellers 0.493 0.223 0.160 1.000 0.194 0.229 0.036 0.075
impact on the scholarly community 0.304 0.109 0.209 0.194 1.000 -0.046 -0.105 0.043
successfully distributing production to more than 50 libraries 0.196 0.251 0.056 0.229 -0.046 1.000 -0.043 0.328
output during the last 5 years -0.055 0.004 0.063 0.036 -0.105 -0.043 1.000 -0.088
outstanding academic quality 0.064 0.061 0.128 0.075 0.043 0.328 -0.088 1.000
Table 6 now lists the final outcome of our study. It is based on the factor analytical results described above. According to our results, any scholar or journal, publishing with Oxford University Press, Springer, Cambridge University Press, Routledge, World Bank, Princeton University Press, Elsevier, CRC Press, University of Chicago Press, and University of California Press is on the 'safe side', and these companies belong to the global top 20 per cent of the book publishing industry.
Table 6
The final classification of global publishers' market power according to our promax factor analytical model (factors weighted according to their Eigenvalues)
Overall Quality Indicator Rank percentile performance
Oxford University Press 45,538 1 1,961
Springer 43,102 2 3,922
Cambridge University Press 38,126 3 5,882
Routledge 33,592 4 7,843
World Bank 24,110 5 9,804
Princeton University Press 23,341 6 11,765
Elsevier 20,351 7 13,725
CRC Press 14,633 8 15,686
University of Chicago Press 14,564 9 17,647
University of California Press 10,678 10 19,608
Palgrave Macmillan 10,546 11 21,569
MIT Press 10,527 12 23,529
Yale University Press 9,289 13 25,490
University of North Carolina Press 5,686 14 27,451
De Gruyter 5,571 15 29,412
Wiley-Blackwell 4,036 16 31,373
Kluwer Academic Publishers 2,081 17 33,333
University of Pennsylvania Press 1,751 18 35,294
Johns Hopkins University Press 1,416 19 37,255
Brill 1,396 20 39,216
Nova Science Publishers 0,958 21 41,176
University of Illinois Press -0,753 22 43,137
Duke University Press -1,034 23 45,098
University of Washington Press -2,144 24 47,059
Edward Elgar -5,559 25 49,020
Rodopi -5,772 26 50,980
Edinburgh University Press -6,666 27 52,941
Island Press -7,005 28 54,902
World Scientific and Engineering -7,197 29 56,863
IEEE -7,492 30 58,824
John Benjamins -7,562 31 60,784
CABI -7,806 32 62,745
University of New Mexico Press -8,674 33 64,706
Ios Press -8,882 34 66,667
Karger -9,509 35 68,627
L'Harmattan -11,850 36 70,588
Earthscan Publications Ltd. -12,054 37 72,549
Catena Verlag -12,446 38 74,510
Transaction Publishing -12,674 39 76,471
Channel View Publications -12,776 40 78,431
(UCB) University of British Columbia Press -12,866 41 80,392
Overall Quality Indicator Rank percentile performance
Wilfrid Laurier University Press -13,277 42 82,353
ASM Press -13,632 43 84,314
IWA Publishing -13,722 44 86,275
Woodhead Publishing -14,552 45 88,235
Equinox -14,931 46 90,196
Wageningen -14,961 47 92,157
Resources for the Future -16,757 48 94,118
Ateneo de Manila University -17,857 49 96,078
Nottingham University Press -20,384 50 98,039
WIT Press -20,495 51 100,000
Conclusions
This article evaluated tendencies and trends of the global academic publishing industry, vital for any reasonable long-term publication strategy planning in research. Such analyses are made possible today by the OCLC Worldcat. This combined global library catalogue (union catalogue) OCLC was founded in America in 1967 and today integrates library collections ranging from northern Norway to Chile, and from California to Europe and Africa on to the Asia Pacific Region, including an ever-growing number of libraries in the BRIICS countries. Comparisons based on the wealth of these data can even be accessed via the freely available versions of the OCLC 'Worldcat', such as 'OCLC Classify' or the New Zealand Library Portal 'TE PUNA' ('TE PUNA on World Cat'), or by the full subscription-based 'OCLC First Search' version of the OCLC Worldcat.
Based on OCLC Worldcat data, recent contributions in the expanding discipline of sci-entometry and bibliometrics have started to study the global presence of publications in global libraries, which are the main buyers of our academic publications in the world today. Such methods are absolutely necessary to design successful academic strategies to distribute effectively scientific knowledge in the age of globalization around the globe.
We can estimate from the OCLC data that of the more than 300 million books held in global libraries, more than 120 million books were published in English, 43 million in German, and around 31 million in French. Especially German as a scientific language is on the retreat over the last decades. Of the 20.8 million books published in the last five years, 45 per cent were published in English, and in the field of political science, for example, this share was even 55 per cent. The concentration of the publication process on a global scale is enormous. In the field of political science alone, 13 leading publishers with an output of more than 400 political science books during the last five years published none the less than 38 per cent of the 1.7 million English language political science titles during the last five years.
Our basic idea was simple, not to say downright vulgar. Is a book or a book series or a scientific journal important, it must be surely not only cited internationally, but it must also be physically or electronically present in as many global libraries as possible, because after all: what counts, is global and geographically diverse readership.
Even high-quality English language books might find it sometimes hard to find an appropriate library outreach of more than 50 global libraries, especially if the price of a book is high or if your publisher's marketing facilities are not so well developed. A flagship Russian language publication like 'Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia', which was studied in the days of the Cold War by hundreds of Western security and defense experts to
find clues as to what 'the Soviet Enemy' is planning next, only makes it to 125 global libraries. As we show in our article, there are severe international market constraints even for English language academic publications, printed at any of the University Presses of the world today: only 1.93 per cent of the global University Press output of the last five years reached more than 500 global libraries.
In our essay, we compare book company global impact figures with results from an earlier bibliometric study, which already used library presence results from union catalogues with counting procedures, such as in India, Japan, and Sweden (Tausch 2017). In our essay, we combined the available OCLC Worldcat data with results of the Tausch (2017) study, which also used existing rankings of global academic publishing companies published in the literature, and data from the newly created Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) 'Book Citation Index'. Our new multivariate attempt, combining all these data, is based on factor analysis of 32 variables, and our promax factor analytical model established that there are eight factors of global publisher impact, explaining almost 86 per cent of total variance:
1. overall global standing of the company;
2. company as a factor on the market;
3. company impact on the global political and economic debate;
4. successfully distributing best-sellers;
5. impact on the scholarly community;
6. successfully distributing production to more than 50 global Worldcat libraries;
7. output during the last 5 years;
8. outstanding academic quality.
Of the 51 companies with complete data under investigation here, the following companies were classified in the upper half: Oxford University Press; Springer; Cambridge University Press; Routledge; World Bank; Princeton University Press; Elsevier; CRC Press; University of Chicago Press; University of California Press; Palgrave Macmillan; MIT Press; Yale University Press; University of North Carolina Press; De Gruyter; Wiley-Blackwell; Kluwer Academic Publishers; University of Pennsylvania Press; Johns Hopkins University Press; Brill; Nova Science Publishers; University of Illinois Press; Duke University Press; University of Washington Press; and Edward Elgar. Scientists, wanting to get global audiences, are well advised to publish with those companies; and journal editors, wanting to get a global distribution for their journals, are equally well advised to cooperate with them.
NOTES
1 http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2017.html.
2 http://www.scimagoir.com/.
3 https://www.elsevier.com/solutions/scopus.
4 The journal is indexed in SCOPUS, see: https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=19900191475&tip=sid&clean=0.
5 http://www.sense.nl/organisation/documentation.
6 Torres-Salinas et al. (2013); see also https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267869924_Bib liometric_Indicators_for_Publishers_Data_processing_indicators_and_interpretation. See also http:// wokinfo.com/products_tools/multidisciplinary/ bookcitationindex/.
7 http://wokinfo .com/mbl/publishers/.
8 https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/publications/search.html.
9 OCLC First Search, by courtesy of OCLC Company.
10 OCLC First Search, by courtesy of OCLC Company.
11 OCLC First Search, by courtesy of OCLC Company.
12 TE PUNA on Worldcat, https://tepuna.on.worldcat.org/advancedsearch?databaseList=.
13 TE PUNA on Worldcat, https://tepuna.on.worldcat.org/advancedsearch?databaseList=.
14 Calculated from TE PUNA on Worldcat, https://tepuna.on.worldcat.org/advancedsearch?data baseList=.
15 Calculated from TE PUNA on Worldcat, available at: https://tepuna.on.worldcat.org/advan cedsearch?databaseList=.
16 OCLC First Search, by courtesy of OCLC Company.
17 OCLC First Search, by courtesy of OCLC Company.
18 OCLC First Search, by courtesy of OCLC Company.
19 http://tools.wmflabs.org/pageviews/?project=en.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&agent= user &range=latest-20&pages=Cat|Dog.
20 Torres-Salinas et al. (2013); https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267869924_Bibliomet ric_Indicators_for_Publishers_Data_processing_indicators_and_interpretation.
21 Torres-Salinas et al. (2013); net/publication/267869924_Bibliometric_Indicators_for_Publishers_Data_processing_indicators_and_ interpretation.
22 http://hollis.harvard.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?mode=Advanced&ct=Advanced Search&dscnt=0&dstmp=1444746207332&vid=HVD.
23 https://www.Questia.com/.
24 Torres-Salinas et al. (2013); https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267869924_Bibliomet ric_Indicators_for_Publishers_Data_processing_indicators_and_interpretation.
25 Torres-Salinas et al. (2013); https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267869924_Bibliomet ric_Indicators_for_Publishers_Data_processing_indicators_and_interpretation.
26 http://www.sense.nl/organisation/documentation.
27 http://hollis.harvard.edu/primo_library /libweb/action/search.do?mode=Advanced&ct=Advanced Search&dscnt=0&dstmp=1444746207332&vid=HVD.
28 Torres-Salinas et al. (2013); https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267869924_Bibliomet ric_Indicators_for_Publishers_Data_processing_indicators_and_interpretation.
29 https://www.Questia.com/.
30 http://ci.nii.ac.jp/books/.
31 http://ci.nii.ac.jp/books/.
32 http://libris.kb.se/form_extendedjsp?f=ext.
33 http://libris.kb.se/form_extendedjsp?f=ext.
34 http://ec.europa.eu/eclas/F.
35 http://external.worldbankimflib.org/uhtbin/webcat/.
36 http://indcat.inflibnet.ac.in/.
37 https://www.Questia.com/.
38 https://www.Questia.com/.
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Tausch, A. 2015b. The Political Algebra of Global Value Change. General Models and Implications for the Muslim World. With Almas Heshmati and Hichem Karoui. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Torres-Salinas, D., Robinson-García, N., and López-Cózar, E. D. 2012. Towards a Book Publishers Citation Reports. First Approach Using the Book Citation Index. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1207.7067.
Torres-Salinas, D., Robinson-García, N., Cabezas-Clavijo, Á., and Jiménez-Contreras, E. 2014. Analyzing the Citation Characteristics of Books: Edited Books, Book Series and Publisher Types in the Book Citation Index. Scientometrics 98 (3): 2113-2127.
Torres-Salinas, D., Robinson-Garcia, N., Miguel Campanario, J., and Delgado López-Cózar, E. 2014. Coverage, Field Specialization and the Impact of Scientific Publishers Indexed in the Book Citation Index. Online Information Review 38 (1): 24-42.
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van der Vliet, E. C. L. 2008. The Early State, the Polis and State Formation in Early Greece.
Social Evolution & History 7 (2): 197-221.
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Appendix
Table 1
Original data used in the multivariate model
Publisher Wikipedia monthly downloads, English, last year OCLC WC number of books published in the last 5 years book (last 5 years) with the highest global library circulation rate book (last 5 years) with the 50th highest global library circulation rate continuity of performance -top 50 books (last 5 years) Quantity Indicator - number of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Citation Index Citations of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Cittation Index average citations - books and book chapters standard deviation citations books and book chapters Sense Quality Indicator for multivariate analysis Harvard Library number of titles (books only) Harvard HOLLIS ratio of books checked out per total holdings (books only)
(UCB) University of British Columbia Press 333 127 458 2 0.4 981 475 0.5 1.9 2 844 4.4
Anthem Press 1,969 1,329 690 51.9 183 16 0.1 0.4 1 300 12.0
ASM Press 42 801 948 291 30.7 20 2 0.1 0.5 2 222 5.9
Ateneo de Manila University 83 251 56 14 25.0 201 23 0.1 0.7 2 304 10.9
Brill 576 44,343 917 847 92.4 2,503 352 0.1 0.9 3 12,598 5.7
CABI 449 2,693 304 69 22.7 2,235 1,148 0.5 2 3 204 2.9
Cambridge University Press 13,393 100,622 1,086 448 41.3 17,743 13,597 0.8 7 4 31,265 8.3
Catena Verlag 569 149 28 2 7.1 2 5 2.5 3.5 2 27 14.8
Channel View Publications 124 862 652 124 19.0 14 3 0.2 0.8 2 52 9.6
CRC Press 4,312 8,523 931 922 99.0 3,661 4.621 1.3 9.6 3 3,669 71.0
De Gruyter 541 7,5258 1,453 1,310 90.2 3,909 1,931 0.5 3.5 2 12,928 4.5
Duke University Press 1,769 5,293 609 306 50.2 23 4 0.2 0.7 3 3,522 10.7
Earthscan Publications Ltd. 580 1,109 492 80 16.3 41 6 0.2 0.7 3 1,005 5.4
Edinburgh University Press 957 9 7 0 0.0 2,332 373 0.2 1.1 2 2,120 11.4
Edward Elgar 1,731 19,257 505 125 24.8 13,298 4,019 0.3 1.6 3 3,412 5.5
Elsevier 23,156 89,020 1,098 887 80.8 16,622 10,071 0.6 7.8 3 11,750 2.8
Equinox 66 1,166 385 82 21.3 48 26 0.5 2 1 408 9.6
IEEE 695 41,857 632 288 45.6 41 3 0.1 0.3 3 281 2.8
Ios Press 363 2,478 1,436 902 62.8 155 36 0.2 1 2 350 2.6
Island Press 385 2,177 1,439 802 55.7 16 5 0.3 0.6 3 1,050 2.8
IWA Publishing 18 1,552 1,004 340 33.9 602 240 0.4 1.7 2 50 6.0
John Benjamins 804 6,963 1,307 856 65.5 86 42 0.5 1.5 2 1,623 6.4
Johns Hopkins University Press 2,361 4,752 1,415 1,153 81.5 399 155 0.4 1.3 4 5,191 4.1
University of Chicago Press University of California Press Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Transaction Publishing Trans Tech Publications Studium Press Springer Royal Society of Chemistry Routledge Rodopi Resources for the Future Princeton University Press Praxis Publishing Ltd. Pal grave Macmillan Oxford University Press Nova Science Publishers Nottingham University Press MIT Press L'Harmattan Kluwer Academic Publishers Karger Publisher
3,752 3,642 1,221 5,058 1,017 K> to o 4,255 4,708 20,425 1,794 00 to 3,671 u> L/i L/i as -j 4^ O 4^ Wikipedia monthly downloads, English, last year
12,261 8,523 4,647 1,823 8,240 00 o 512,404 3,761 27,7276 4,042 u> v.O 22,344 SO 120,585 130,981 16,574 4^ 12,436 49,148 32,501 2,437 OCLC WC number of books published in the last 5 years
2,362 1,392 u> U> as 00 1,294 00 1,409 1,271 K> 00 as -J 1,589 to 00 1,310 1,480 o Ul 4^ 4^ 1,152 so L/i U> 00 book (last 5 years) with the highest global library circulation rate
L/i V.O to 40 K> K> to to 00 -J 00 - 40 40 c\ o 00 o © so as 00 u> -J c\ 00 Ul u> <1 o K> O SO SO L/i U> L/i 4^ as to book (last 5 years) with the 50th highest global library circulation rate
25.1 66.2 25.2 33.2 67.9 12.5 70.8 55.9 91.9 91.6 o ö 60.9 00 'as 49.3 57.6 65.3 O ö 82.4 56.4 71.8 52.5 continuity of performance -top 50 books (last 5 years)
00 4^ 6,153 00 00 to to as <i <i 59,992 00 K> 27,511 L/i L/i OJ as 6,207 u> 45,306 U) J^ 15,727 to O 4,629 U> 4^ 00 4^ as © Quantity Indicator - number of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Citation Index
4,089 u> to L/i so 49,411 1,311 11,585 - U> U> 11,254 L/i 13,352 U) U) 3,953 u> to 3,825 o © -J 00 u> Citations of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Cittation Index
O k> o o Ö O k> O k> © k> o 00 o O k> o SO bo O o u> Ö o u> o o bo o ö to k> o average citations - books and book chapters
o SO o u> o ^ o ^ o 'as 13.1 U) o SO 'sO 16.8 o as 00 r o L/> as u> o as 'as 4^ standard deviation citations books and book chapters
4^ - to to - U) u> U) to to - U) to to 4^ to - u> Sense Quality Indicator for multivariate analysis
12,827 11,693 5,945 OJ L/l o L/i to to 1,697 66,365 K> 35,594 3,689 -J 00 9,982 L/l 14,615 55,790 1,087 u> o 6,417 31,685 6,276 3,006 Harvard Library number of titles (books only)
L/l U) U> L/i Os SO 00 L/i 00 U) U> bo © 'as as u> Ö 10.9 Ul 40 4^ Ö U> U> U> o 4^ u> ö Harvard HOLLIS ratio of books checked out per total holdings (books only)
University of Washington Press University of Pennsylvania Press Yale University Press World Scientific and Engineering World Bank Woodhead Publishing WIT Press Wilfrid Laurier University Press Wiley-Blackwell Wageningen University of Washington Press University of Pennsylvania Press University of North Carolina Press University of New Mexico Press University of Illinois Press Publisher
L/i 00 -J 1,019 3,565 1,726 c\ c\ Ul U> to L/i L/i 5,872 00 L/i 00 -J 1,019 1,310 u> o as 1,789 Wikipedia monthly downloads, English, last year
2,493 7,690 13,184 20,405 9,299 5,736 2,499 L/i 24,614 9,915 2,493 7,690 4,024 1,718 3,769 OCLC WC number of books published in the last 5 years
vo Os U> 1,299 2,157 1,447 00 so to to o as L/i u> to 00 SO as U> 1,299 1,354 so to -J 1,451 book (last 5 years) with the highest global library circulation rate
00 o 00 4^ v.O 00 © -J 1,397 00 u> U> 4^ 00 00 © L/i u> 00 © 00 4^ SO as 00 O L/i as as SO -J SO book (last 5 years) with the 50th highest global library circulation rate
83.9 38.2 37.4 96.5 93.5 37.4 12.2 o ö 86.3 11.3 83.9 38.2 62.0 61.1 67.5 continuity of performance -top 50 books (last 5 years)
OJ ON -J L/i u> 2,338 2,998 u> U> L/i v.O ^ 3,407 U> 00 SO "as so -j 2,646 to 2,480 Quantity Indicator - number of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Citation Index
00 00 2,755 - K> 2,399 1,018 ¿11 to 00 4^ SO u> 00 00 2,755 1,981 o -j so 4^ Citations of books and book chapters in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) Book Cittation Index
o U> © bo o o ö o u> o o U> © U> o © U> © bo © bo o Ö O u> average citations - books and book chapters
U> K> bo o 00 12.7 to K> k> to 4^ - u> u> o standard deviation citations books and book chapters
to U> 4^ U) K> to to to 4^ - to U> u> to to Sense Quality Indicator for multivariate analysis
3,342 5,118 11,119 2,690 4,368 to V.O 00 ^ as 30,925 U> -J 3,342 5,118 4,069 2,311 6,414 Harvard Library number of titles (books only)
u> bo L/l U> Ö K> 40 © Ö U> U> 4^ r u> 4^ bo 4^ bo to 'as u> 'as Harvard HOLLIS ratio of books checked out per total holdings (books only)
Kluwer Academic Publishers Karger Johns Hopkins University Press John Benjamins IWA Publishing Island Press Ios Press IEEE Elsevier Edward Elgar Edinburgh University Press Earthscan Publications Ltd. Duke University Press De Gruyter CRC Press Channel View Publications Catena Verlag Cambridge University Press CABI Brill Ateneo de Manila University ASM Press Anthem Press (UCB) University of British Columbia Press Publisher
22.0 K> K> u> u> to SO ö 4^ o ö 00 4^ to 4^ u> o Ö to SO as 00 Ö o ö as 00 k> 4^ ö K> Ö o 00 SO average citations - books in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) book citation index
K> 40 K> L/i to ^ to 4^ L/i U> as as to o U> as so to O SO SO 00 o U> -J 00 -J 4^ L/i as L/i as to o 4^ L/i L/i 00 to L/i u> -J 00 -J 4^ to Japanese NACSIS top library outreach (books only)
L/l L/l O U> O 00 ui to <\ so L/i to o u> to -J as to o o U> -J to 00 u> L/i - - Japanese NACSIS 200th library outreach (books only)
U) J^ U) U) u> to L/i to o to U> u> o to -J u> as to U> to to U> 4^ as U> as U> o to SO SO U> o U> to SO SO to u> to to Swedish LIBRIS top library outreach
40 to to u> to o to to to U> o - to -J to to to 00 - u> to to o to U> o as SO -J Swedish LIBRIS 50th library outreach
6,872 1,025 19,506 1,498 U> 1,369 to L/i 1,553 6,151 2,863 4,852 U> 12,734 7,040 00 o o to SO U> SO 39,523 U> to 8,356 to to 00 to as o 00 1,206 number of references about the company in books - Questia
K> Ul 40 as o -j 4^ -J - as SO to as u> 4^ to to to 00 £ -J SO 4^ 00 to to 00 SO U> Ul to 2875 4^ O 00 L/i u> to to o 00 number of references about the company in scholarly journals - Questia
U) to to SO as o o u> 4^ L/i to L/i 1,359 to L/i to 4^ 00 L/i U> to as u> to o as so so as o L/i O 00 L/i o to so number of references about the company in magazines - Questia
K> K> <\ u> o o L/i O to U> to 1,733 ILL as o u> o u> to -J o SO u> so 00 as 3,311 1,345 o as - number of references about the company in newspapers - Questia
3,047 - U> o so to to 00 -J 00 SO 00 1,109 1,284 U> -J U> u> SO Ul to 00 o - 2,046 00 00 - to to -J O Items in ECLAS catalogue Brussels
1,352 U> U> to u> - u> to o U> L/i u> U> L/i 1,448 to to SO Ul -J 00 4^ - o 1,944 -J SO SO to to as Items in World Bank/IMF JOLIS library catalogue Washington (books only)
6,508 2,171 2,344 1,562 to 00 to 4^ 00 K> o o 4^ 24,199 3,844 1,462 as u> u> 1,264 1,879 6,707 - 75,374 -J to 3,913 L/i 4^ as to u> o U> Items in the IndCat (India) Union catalog
University of New Mexico Press University of Illinois Press University of Chicago Press University of California Press Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Transaction Publishing Trans Tech Publications Studium Press Springer Royal Society of Chemistry Routledge Rodopi Princeton University Press Praxis Publishing Ltd. Pal grave Mac mil lan Oxford University Press Nova Science Publishers Nottingham University Press MIT Press L'Harmattan Publisher
o Ö K> ps SO o ö ö o U> o k> 4^ k> 15.1 4^ K> u> 18.5 K> L/i 11.0 o 'os o bo 00 o ö average citations - books in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) book citation index
SO 4^ SO to Os Ui Ui L/i Os U> to - to to 00 4^ 4^ to L/i to Os U> to K> to U> SO SO U> ^ L/i to SO <i O Japanese NACSIS top library outreach (books only)
L/i u> <\ Os Os U> to <\ u> o LU SO O Os U> -J SO - U> u> Ui Ui L/i O SO 4^ - Japanese NACSIS 200th library outreach (books only)
to to U> u> SO U> U> to SO U> 4^ Os 4^ O to SO u> Ui to u> u> 40 U> to Ui Ui to U> to 00 U> Os to o Swedish LIBRIS top library outreach
to o to to to to U> to U> L/i O u> Os to o U> to to to to to o U> U> to to - to u> u> Swedish LIBRIS 50th library outreach
3,934 13,980 36,180 31,182 -J o SO to OJ U> o O 11,272 SO to 35,862 2,127 u> K> o - 3,632 50,233 to o to o 18,155 1,460 number of references about the company in books - Questia
SO -j 00 1,255 1,066 to o O 1,241 00 2,431 U> o 1,007 O 1076 3,523 to o number of references about the company in scholarly journals - Questia
U> u> to U> u> 4^ to L/i L/i - O 1,177 00 u> 00 Os to to o L/l K> K> o u> o 00 1,710 - u> U> o to number of references about the company in magazines - Questia
U> 4^ to L/i U> 4^ to £ U> o O 13,917 to u> 00 7,616 o Ui -J 00 SO 4^ - - U> - number of references about the company in newspapers - Questia
o £ u> Os ^ o u> 30,655 <\ o 2,420 L/i o K> -J 1,146 3,358 -J u> 4^ U> 1205 Items in ECLAS catalogue Brussels
to U> u> 4^ U> 4^ O Ü: o o 1,819 Os 1,906 o 00 u> 1,163 4,817 to o to - ^ L/i U> o u> Items in World Bank/IMF JOLIS library catalogue Washington (books only)
U> o L/i 12,653 <1 OJ u> to -J U> o 4^ to L/i 64,801 1,477 78,188 U> L/i 13972 Os 2,513 143,67 0 u> to to 5,500 o Items in the IndCat (India) Union catalog
Yale University Press World Scientific and Engineering World Bank Woodhead Publishing WIT Press Wilfrid Laurier University Press Wiley-Blackwell Wageningen University of Pennsylvania Press University of North Carolina Press Publisher
o ö to ö 00 'as to ^ to SO L/i bo S average citations - books in the Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson-Reuters) book citation index
- as Ui to to o U> L/i © L/i L/i to u> o Japanese NACSIS top library outreach (books only)
L/i 4^ o U> to - - - to o o to to -J Japanese NACSIS 200th library outreach (books only)
U> tO u> o U> 4^ to as L/i to as U> 00 u> o u> to u> as Swedish LIBRIS top library outreach
tO o to o to to <\ - to o to SO 00 00 to Swedish LIBRIS 50th library outreach
31,640 © © L/i o SO to <\ as Ui Ui 00 11,268 14,362 number of references about the company in books - Questia
1,024 o 4,231 © o to u> o SO 4^ 00 to so u> o number of references about the company in scholarly journals - Questia
as -j U> L/i 7,448 U> O o -J 00 Ui to L/i o u> number of references about the company in magazines - Questia
tO o 12,498 to O o - to -J 00 L/i 00 number of references about the company in newspapers - Questia
£ O o as so L/i L/i 4^ U> SO L/i 00 to u> Items in ECLAS catalogue Brussels
4^ L/i o 16,600 U> SO 4^ 4^ <\ as 00 4^ Items in World Bank/IMF JOLIS library catalogue Washington (books only)
6,471 o 19,902 to U> -J to to u> 4^ 4^ Ui SO 00 4^ 00 1092 Items in the IndCat (India) Union catalog
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Table 3
Publisher total num- Recent ti- Recent ti- % of titles % of titles % of titles
ber of re- tles with tles with with a cir- with a circu- with a cir-
cent titles more than more than culation of lation be- culation of
50 circula- 500 circu- more than tween 50 and less than 50
tion lation 500 500
(UCB) University of British Columbia 132 5 0 0.000 3.788 96.212
Press
Anthem Press 2,000 282 97 4.850 9.250 85.900
ASM Press 555 79 27 4.865 9.369 85.766
Ateneo de Manila 242 2 0 0.000 0.826 99.174
University
Brill 46,977 3,965 1072 2.282 6.158 91.560
CABI 2,857 160 0 0.000 5.600 94.400
Cambridge 111,263 10,244 38 0.034 9.173 90.793
University Press
Catena Verlag 162 0 0 0.000 0.000 100.000
Channel View 812 83 6 0.739 9.483 89.778
Publications
CRC Press 64,787 6,427 5 0.008 9.912 90.080
De Gruyter 80,805 3,541 660 0.817 3.565 95.618
Duke University 6,091 1,253 6 0.099 20.473 79.429
Press
Earthscan 1,261 117 0 0.000 9.278 90.722
Publications Ltd.
Edinburgh University 8,739 1,358 284 3.250 12.290 84.460
Press
Edward Elgar 20,276 1,259 1 0.005 6.204 93.791
Elsevier 171,050 7,536 164 0.096 4.310 95.594
Equinox 1,367 140 1 0.073 10.168 89.759
IEEE 56,003 8,212 7 0.012 14.651 85.336
Ios Press 3,227 306 155 4.803 4.679 90.518
Island Press 2,164 265 90 4.159 8.087 87.754
IWA Publishing 1,757 164 27 1.537 7.797 90.666
John Benjamins 7,488 882 404 5.395 6.384 88.221
Johns Hopkins 4,726 1,009 255 5.396 15.954 78.650
University Press
Karger 4,486 165 0 0.000 3.678 96.322
Kluwer Academic 42,480 1,395 146 0.344 2.940 96.716
Publishers
L'Harmattan 51,237 141 0 0.000 0.275 99.725
MIT Press 13,120 1,942 421 3.209 11.593 85.198
Nottingham Univer- 6 0 0 0.000 0.000 100.000
sity Press
Nova Science 16,921 2,168 998 5.898 6.914 87.188
Publishers
Palgrave Macmillan 118,716 16,767 85 0.072 14.052 85.876
Praxis Publishing Ltd. 1,191 44 0 0.000 3.694 96.306
Publisher total num- Recent ti- Recent ti- % of titles % of titles % of titles
ber of re- tles with tles with with a cir- with a circu- with a cir-
cent titles more than more than culation of lation be- culation of
50 circula- 500 circu- more than tween 50 and less than 50
tion lation 500 500
Princeton University Press 23,198 3,217 863 3.720 10.147 86.132
Resources for the Fu- 40 1 0 0.000 2.500 97.500
ture
Rodopi 4,242 512 174 4.102 7.968 87.930
Routledge 296,550 18,376 228 0.077 6.120 93.803
Royal Society of 9,094 435 164 1.803 2.980 95.217
Chemistry
Springer 573,931 44,928 423 0.074 7.754 92.172
Studium Press 83 0 0 0.000 0.000 100.000
Trans Tech Publica- 6,774 819 513 7.573 4.517 87.910
tions
Transaction Publi- 2,244 285 0 0.000 12.701 87.299
shing
Universidad Nacional 5,677 38 0 0.000 0.669 99.331
Autonoma de Mexico
University of Cali- 8,941 1,758 432 4.832 14.831 80.338
fornia Press
University of Chica- 13,052 2,786 89 0.682 20.663 78.655
go Press
University of Illinois 5,422 1,340 467 8.613 16.101 75.286
Press
University of New 1,548 462 60 3.876 25.969 70.155
Mexico Press
University of North 4,132 1,067 247 5.978 19.845 74.177
Carolina Press
University of Penn- 7,894 1,445 66 0.836 17.469 81.695
sylvania Press
University of 2,612 565 146 5.590 16.041 78.369
Washington Press
Wageningen 10,592 17 0 0.000 0.160 99.840
Wiley-Blackwell 34,596 2,640 135 0.390 7.241 92.369
Wilfrid Laurier Uni- 1,111 242 28 2.520 19.262 78.218
versity Press
WIT Press 1,303 12 0 0.000 0.921 99.079
Woodhead 4,339 643 31 0.714 14.105 85.181
Publishing
World Bank 13,304 695 0 0.000 5.224 94.776
World Scientific 22,151 1,376 634 2.862 3.350 93.788
Yale University Press 13,434 2,524 300 2.233 16.555 81.212
