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THE MAIN FEATURES OF TRANSLATING GEOGRAPHICAL PROPER NAMES IN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES Gulyamova Sh.B. Email: Gulyamova679@scientifictext.ru
Gulyamova Shahzoda Bahtiyor qizi - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES, TASHKENT STATE UNIVERSITY OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE NAMED
AFTER ALISHER NAVOI, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article discusses translating English and Uzbek phraseological units with geographical proper names or onomastic components. The article is based on two basics. They are English one including 70 phraseological units and Uzbek ones taking part techniques of translating phraseological units. The components are studied to discover which proper names form English and Uzbek phraseological units and how often they seem in two languages. The last finding is that onomatopoeic names that are components of phraseological units and which are characteristic of a given culture should be observed from different points of view, such as historical, geographical, cultural, linguistic, cross-linguistic and social, and that more thorough studies of phraseological units with an onomastic component would contribute to a higher level of cross-cultural awareness. Keywords: phraseological units, onomastic component, universality, cultural specificity.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ СОБСТВЕННЫХ ИМЕН ВО ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦАХ АНГЛИЙСКОГО И УЗБЕКСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ
Гулямова Ш.Б.
Гулямова Шахзода Бахтиёр кизи - преподаватель, кафедра иностранных языков, Ташкентский государственный университет узбекского языка и литературы
им. Алишера Навои, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье рассматривается перевод английских и узбекских фразеологизмов с географическими собственными именами или ономастическими компонентами. Статья основана на двух основах:они английские, в том числе 70 фразеологических единиц, и узбекские, принимающие участие в переводе фразеологических единиц. Компоненты изучаются, чтобы определить, какие собственные имена образуют английские и узбекские фразеологизмы и как часто они появляются на двух языках. Последний вывод заключается в том, что звукоподражательные имена, которые являются компонентами фразеологизмов и которые характерны для данной культуры, следует рассматривать с разных точек зрения, таких как историческая, географическая, культурная, лингвистическая, межкультурная осведомленность и социальная, и что более тщательно изучение фразеологических единиц с ономастическим компонентом будет способствовать повышению уровня межкультурной осведомленности.
Ключевые слова: фразеологические единицы, ономастическая составляющая, универсальность, культурная специфика.
Introduction. Phraseological units - are structurally, lexically and semantically stable language units (word-combinations or sentences), the meaning of which is not made up by the sum of meanings of their component parts. [3]
Meanwhile, ph. units can't be freely made up in speech but they are reproduced as ready-made units. There existed several types of Ph. units comprising Personal names, flora and fauna, geographical proper names and etc. Actually, geographical proper names or place names comprising the phraseological units are divided into following source types in English:
1. Places in UK
a) London particular (a dense fog affecting London);
b) Shipshape and Bristol fashion (with all in a good order; Bristol a city and port in west part of England);
c) Flight like a Kilkenny cats (two cats from Kilkenny in Ireland, which, according to legend, fought until their tails remained).
2. Places related to Classical Heritage
a) New Jerusalem (the adobe of the blessed in the heaven, in Bible it is holy city);
b) Have kissed a Blarney stone (strong and persuasive; a stone, Blarney castle near Cork in Ireland , said to give a gift of persuasive speech who kisses it).
3. Place in Continent
a) La Belle France ( in the meaning of nostalgic or patriotic manner);
b) A castle in Spain ( a visionary project, a daydream unlikely to be realized, in Middle Ages there existed a castle builder that had no standing ) [1].
Methodology. Taking into account various peculiarities of meaning and form of ph.units, several ways of rendering their meaning can be distinguished:
1. By choosing absolute or complete equivalents
a) This is the method of translating when every componential part of the SL idiom is retained unchanged in the TL [2]. This method works when an idiom originates from Greek or other mythology (Pandora's box -Pandora qutisi), ancient history or literature (The Tower of Babel (very high building, attempt to reach to heaven, according to biblical story god frustrated by confusing tower builders languages and they could not understand each other so they could not reach heaven) - Bobil Minorasi) , the Holy Scripture, also some expressions belonging to English and American writers and politicians (Clapham (the name of a district of southwest London) house - Vobkent Minorasi)
2. Translation of idioms by choosing near equivalents
A considerable number of ph.units originating in the SL and the TL from a common source may have one or more of their components different [2] Ex:
a) A Canterbury Tale ( a long story )-Sharqertaklari
b) Trojan horse - tarj. Afanding nayrangi. Eron olmasi (ekvivalenti)
3. Translation by choosing (genuine idiomatic) analogies
Anumber of ph.units have idiomatic analogies in the translating (TL). As a rule these ph.units are based on different images and may have quite different structures. Nevertheless such units are very close in their meaning and may be used interchangeably in the process of translation. Usually these are proverbs and sayings. A number of such ph.units may have several/ two or more analogies in the TL [4].
Ex: a) Rome was not built in a day (warning against trying too much at once, used to encourage and giving motivation) - Bag' dod ham bir kunda qurilmagan.
b) "Writing is not traveling along Tin Pan Alley" Edgard Allan Po- tarj.Asar yozish sayr qilish emas. Bekorchiga Quva bir qadam (o^zbekxalq maqoli).
4. Translating idioms by choosing approximate analogies
Some idioms may have a peculiar nature of their componential parts and there are no genuine phraseological analogies for the units in the TL. Therefore the lexical meaning can be expressed by means of approximate analogies or in a descriptive way. These analogies are slightly similar to the SL but no less picturesque [4].
a) See Naples and die (implying that after seeing Naples there left nothing to see on the Earth, Goethe indicated in his diaries as an Italian proverb) - Qidirgan Makkani topadi
b) It is written Paris but read London - Tushunish mushkul bo Igan ish
Some ph.units are only partly/partially similar in their meaning to certain TL idioms. So they can be used interchangeable as translation equivalents only in certain contexts, in the example b it can be seen obvious. 5. Descriptive translating of ph.units
The meaning of a considerable number of ph.units can be rendered only in descriptive way. Depending on the complexity of meaning of the idiom, it can be expressed in the TL in following ways [6]:
• by single word:
Ex: a) He found his Waterloo (the tragic end - from history its known that Napaleon was defeated in that war)
• with the help of word-combination or sentence
Ex: He lost himself in Charybdis streets (a name of whirlpool - very confusing, miscellaneous situation or place)
Conclusion. All the above-mentioned PUs have been translated on the basis of their semantic meaning, and the translation equivalents are descriptive and mostly non-idiomatic. PUs may have their roots in language history [4]. The most common idioms can have deep roots, date back many centuries, and be traceable across many languages. Many have translations in other languages and tend to become international.
References / Список литературы
1. Alenka Vrbnic Phraseological units with onomastic components -article from Revista de LingbHstica Teyrica y Aplicada, 2014.
2. Aznaurova E.S., Abdurakhmanova Kh.I. Teorii praktika perevoda. T.: Ukituvchi, 1989.
3. Buranov J. Sravnitel'naya tipologiya angliyskogo i tyurkskikh yaz'kov. M. Vysshaya shkola, 1983. Glaser Rosemarie. The stylistic potential of phraseological units in the light of genre analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press., 1988.
4. Komissarov V.N., Koralova A.L. A Manual of translation from English into Russian M. Higher school, 1990.
5. MusayevK. Tarzhima nazariyasi. Т., 2003.
