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5СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
_ЖИЗНЬ ЦЕЛЕВОЙ ГРУППЫ СТАРШИХ ГРАЖДАН В В4 СТРАНАХ
Дарина Кубичкова
Доктор философских наук
Беата Адатковичова
инженер
Университет св. Кирилла и Мефодия Факультет социальных наук Словакия
THE LIFE OF THE TARGET GROUP OF SENIOR CITIZENS IN V4 COUNTRIES PhDr. Darina Kubickova, PhD. Doctor of Philosophy
Ing. Beata Adamkovicova, PhD., engineer University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Faculty of Social Sciences, Slovakia
АННОТАЦИЯ
Старший население является частью нашего общества и имеет свое место нетолько в социальной работе, но и в социальной политике. Самостоятельность и независимость от других, этолюди в пожилом возрасте чрезвычайно важно с точки зрения финансовы хобязательств. В качестве общего принципа, особенно для пожилых людей, небрать деньги, неподходить другим с просьбой обоказании финансовой помощи, неявляются обязательными для получения помощи.
Основные понятия социальной политики , права социального обеспечения. Основная концепция социальной политики в отношении пожилых людей включают в себя социальное обеспечение и систему пенсионного обеспечения. Вышеградская группа в Декларации подтвердила свою приверженность общим целям ЕС, и выразили заинтересованность в продолжении процесса европейской интеграции во всех областях политики.
ABSTRACT
Senior population is a part of our society and has its place not only in social work but also in a social policy. The autonomy and independence onthe others is for elderly citizens particularly important from the point of view of financial commitments. In general, there are some rules for senior especially not to borrowany money, do not request others for a financial assistance, do not get committed for the help.
The basic concept of social policy is the right of a social security. The basic concepts of social policy in relation to the senior include the social insurance and the pension system. Visegrad group confirmed in its declaration the commitment to the common objectives of the EU and expressed interest to continue in the process of european integration in all policy areas.
Ключевые слова: Пенсионеры. Компания. V4 страны. Социальная политика . Демография.
Keywords: Seniors. Society.V4 countries. Social policy. Demography.
In the 21st century humanity has found itself in a situation that it has to accept a very challenging situation, which resonates in Europe and in the world and that is an unfavourable demography. There are many questions and solutions in the benefit of man related to this issue, in order to ensure his quality of life and a full range of needs that are necessary to meet the needs as weel as the requirements for specific institutions.
Undoubtedly, this requires improving the social policy of the state, a flexible response to the problems associated with social and health requirements as well as to the fact, that with increasing growth of seniors in the society, there is a higher demand on the productive citizens to ensure the socio-economic dimension, the extra aspects of the demand. This difficult task and the resulting options are becoming resolvable in the coordination of social policies and well-functioning economy.
The aging is now the main feature of the demographic
development of the population not only in the Slovak republic, but also in other developed countries in Europe. It is undeniable that the demographic developments will have a rising tendency. The main reason is that everything applies to the low fertility rate of women, but also still prolonging higher age.
We can agree with the statement expressed by [3] "in connection with the retirement, a senior loses the social and economic prestige.'The amount of pension and the material provision reduce his social position. The new role of the pensioner affects his authority, dignity and respect. In our society we created a model of old age that old people donot agree with. Basically, we can divide people of retirement age into two large groups - active pensioner: beneficial for the society and a passive pensioner: the burden for the society."
Process of informing of senior of his civil and social rights, an orientation of control mechanisms, human rights,
assistance to assert respect for human rights is included in socio-economic as well as social and legal protection of the elderly person. Developed society should take for granted to take care of vulnerable and weaker population groups and ensure the human rights of older person.
Generation of older age represents a significant proportion of the population with differentiated needs and interests not only in the Slovak republic. These are the interests of the psychological and social spheres, but especially the needs and interests of socio-economic sphere such as social security and insurance, pension contributions, as well as the services and welfare benefits, economy and many others. The problems of this population group affect all countries, whereas experts from many areas therefore solve not only the "quantity" but also the "quality" of elderly people life, which means not only how to add years to the life, but also to add life to the years.
"The rate and quality of their saturation depends on the individual circumstances (including family potential) and predisposition which has a senior from social sources that senior can use in certain circumstances" [1].
These recognized facts require an explicit formulation of new structures, approaches as well as new current education in the field of aging, which is an inseparable part of consistent team progress.
Reforms that are part of the changes in society have resulted in the implementation of social institutions, such as: Office of Labour, Social Insurance Agency [1].
With a long-term reduction in the number of births and the mortality of the population, there are changes in the structure of the age composition. Graduallythere is a reducing number and proportion of children under the age of 15 and there is an increase of the number proportion of people in productive and post-productive age.
European integration processes followed the transformation of one political, economic and social system to another [1].
The declaration accepted after entering the EU in 2004 in the Czech Republic, V4 Prime Ministers have stated goals of 1991 as successfully reached and declared their interest in continuing cooperation. A new form of members cooperation is based on specific projects that will focus on regional activities in order to solidify the identity of Central Europe. Visegrad Group in the Declaration confirmed its commitment to the common goals of the EU and expressed interest in continuing the process of European integration. Through the group states want to help the countries trying for EU membership by sharing knowledge and experience, it is interested in working closely with the closest neighbors in Central Europe, as well as with countries in the region, with other regional groupings, international organizations and other countries. By signing,the states have expressed their agreement for a deeper cooperation within the Visegrad Group and the belief that this cooperation will enrich the community of European nations and help to build a restoration of democratic and prosperous Europe.
The V4 cooperation takes place primarily in the following areas: culture, education, exchange, youth, science; civil dimension of Visegrad cooperation within the Visegrad International Fund and its structures; cross-border cooperation, infrastructure, the environment, the fight against terrorism, organized crime and illegal migration, Schengen cooperation, crisis management,
exchange of views about possible cooperation in the field of labour and social policy, exchange of foreign experience of developing assistive police, defense and army industry. Visegrad Cooperation operates on three levels:
- political-based on regular meetings and consultations at the level of heads of government;
- cooperation of ministries and coordinated by the presidency of the meeting;
- civil - brings together non-governmental organizations, associations and organizations supported by the International Visegrad Fund.
The V4 countries will follow:
•the exchange of experience in the planning and implementation of major reforms of pension systems in the V4 countries;
•the exchange experiences in promoting youth employment, with an emphasis on legislation setting, design and implementation of a guarantee system for young people;
•the exchange of experience in the field of implementing active labour market policies, focusing on disadvantaged groups in the labour market, especially long-term unemployed, older and low-skilled persons;
•the exchange of experience in implementing, monitoring and evaluating the implementation of national Roma integration strategies up to 2020, developed by EC platform;
•in the area of the Danube Strategy for a cooperation in cross-border projects aimed at developing human capital in the Danube region in thematic areas such as transnational educational programs, empowerment of marginalized communities through acquisition and increasing labour skills, exchange of best practices between the key players on the labour market etc. as well as the search for a possible dialogue with the countries of the Baltic region (EU Strategy for the Baltic sea);
•the issue of free movement of persons in the context of recent political debate on abuse and avoidance of social security contributions; This issue affects all V4 countries and there is a need for a common and clear point of view [5].
The main emphasis will be placed on modifying the effects of economic and financial crisis and in the field of acceptance and implementation of measures aimed at social inclusion.
Reference list
1. BOCÁKOVÁ, O. 2015. The social status of seniors in the V4 countries. Vilnius : Versus Aureus, 2015. 130 s. ISBN 978-9955-34-582-4.
2. Centre for Democracy. Nové cesty stredoevropského partnerství. Praha. Policy Centre for the Promotion of Democracy, 2003. s. 256. ISBN: 80-903122-2-5
3. HUDÁKOVÁ, A., ELIÁÑOVÁ, A. NÉMETH, F. 2010. Status seniora v spolocnosti.In Geriatria 2010, c.4, s. 171 -174. ISSN 1335 -1850.
4. PROGRAM PREDSEDNÍCTVA SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY VO VYSEHRADSKEJ SKUPINE júl 2014 -jún 2015
5. Visegrad Group 1991-2011. Visegrad Declaration 2004. [on-line]. http://www.visegradgroup.eu/main.php?fo lderID=940&articleID=3939&ctag=articlelist&iid=1
