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38«Вопросы развития современной науки и техники»
УДК 80
Рабееах Сафаа Кхалид Бреесам Rabeeakh Safaa Khalid Breesam
Канд.филол.наук, старший преподаватель Ph.D. in Philology, Senior Lecturer Чапляева Лилия Алексеевна Chaplyaeva Lilia Alekseevna
Студентка Student
ФГБОУ ВО Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
ЯЗЫК И АББРЕВИАТУРЫ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ
THE LANGUAGE AND ABBREVIATIONS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Аннотация, в статье особое внимание уделяется специальной «автомобильной» лексике, занимающей важное место в современных лингвистических исследованиях в результате стремительного развития автомобильной промышленности. Любая профессиональная отрасль научных знаний, включая автомобильную промышленность, может использовать свой собственный язык для специальных целей и иметь свои характерные отличия, являющиеся результатом отражения национальных когнитивных характеристик языковых сообществ.
Abstract: the article pays special attention to the special "automotive" vocabulary, which occupies an important place in modern linguistic research as a result of the rapid development of the automotive industry. Any professional branch of scientific knowledge, including the automotive industry, can use its own language for specific purposes and have its own characteristic differences, which are the result of reflecting the national cognitive characteristics of linguistic communities.
Ключевые слова: аббревиатуры, язык, «автомобильная» лексика, автомобильная промышленность.
Key words: abbreviations, language, "automotive" vocabulary, automotive industry.
As it is known, professional communication uses special language methods to communicate a special purpose in a special field. They are considered a mandatory part
VI Международная научно-практическая конференция of the work and are unlikely to become clear to an ordinary person because the leading one assumes definitions that denote the appearance and objects of professional work. Often, with a period of time, definitions fall into the category of texts that are being used for a specific field of needs.
The progressive linguistics and the concept of the language of special-purpose have been a big role in the study of modern scientific literature which shows how this concept is rapidly developing where researchers try to specify the presence of characteristic features.
Special vocabulary is a broader concept than terminology. Terminology is a set of terms used in any field of science, technology, art, and others. Special vocabulary is a collection of words and phrases denoting the concepts of a special field of knowledge or activity.
It is generally accepted that each sphere of activity has its own language apparatus, which includes the linguistic means necessary for the linguistic embodiment of the theory and practice of professional knowledge and professional communication of specialists. In other words, each professional branch of scientific knowledge, including the automotive industry, is able to have its own language for special purposes.
We define the systematization of terms, concepts, and definitions related to certain parts, such as engine, chassis, and body. The system of professional concepts, designated by the term "car", is complex and includes three most important components: engine, chassis, and body.
Each part of the car system has individual set concepts and terms.
The Engine group includes concepts that are divided into engine classification, crank-and-rod mechanism, valve train, fuel system, cooling system, lubrication system, exercise system, and charging system.
The Chassis group includes concepts that combine mechanisms that transmit torque from the engine to the driving wheels, and serve as the basis for the placement of the engine, body, bridges with wheels, suspensions, and control systems. We identified three subgroups of mechanisms:
«Вопросы развития современной науки и техники»
1. Transmission: clutch, gearbox, cardan drive, final drive, axle housing, and half shaft differential.
2. Chassis: running gear, bodywork, chassis frame, front axle and back axle, suspensions and wheels.
3. Control mechanisms: steerage and brakes.
The Body group combines a number of concepts related to the shape of the car, the device of the part of the car that is designed to accommodate people, goods, or facilities: hatchback, estate car, pickup truck, van, sedan, minivan, sports car, cabriolet, off-road car, crossover, generator, accumulator battery [2].
Usually, a generic term becomes a word denoting a significant feature that reflects the root properties of an object or phenomenon. An example is the term car, which was originally associated only with the concept of a cart.
Widespread use in the formation of words is occupied by the method of abbreviation.
Each national language has its own system of ways to shorten phrases, compress them into a certain form. That is why abbreviations always have characteristics of national-specific features. Abbreviations, present in the vocabulary of any dictionary of automotive terms, are distinguished primarily by their spelling form: as a rule, acronym abbreviations depicted in capital letters prevail in terminology. This is a kind of abbreviation formed by the initial sounds of the original phrase.
The study revealed that abbreviations are widely used in English automotive vocabulary, and are quite common in various areas of road transport. More than four-component abbreviations are rare. Examples include the following abbreviations in the English term list:
ABC (Active Body Control);
ABS (Antiblockier System);
[1] AMT (Automated Manual Transmission);
BBW (Brake by Wire (braking system with electric drive and electronic control
unit));
CBC (Cornering Brake Control);
VI Международная научно-практическая конференция
CIDI (Compression Ignition Direct Injection);
CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission);
DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox);
EBD (Electronic Brake Distribution);
EDIS (Electronic Distributorless Ignition System);
EDL (Electronic Differential Lock);
FCEV (Fuel cell Electric Vehicle);
FWD (Front Wheel Drive);
HDC (Hill Descent Control);
ICE (Internal Combustion engine);
MPV (Multi Purpose Vehicle);
RV (Recreation Vehicle);
TWI (Tread Wear Indicator) [1].
The question of abbreviations and their place in terminology is one of the most significant problems that cannot be solved quickly because some of the abbreviations of a multi-word term may become the second name of the same concept. Therefore, a synonymy of terms is undesirability created. Abbreviations cause particular difficulty in translation since the meaning of abbreviations often does not coincide with the meaning of terms in their full form, undergoing certain semantic shifts. Many reductions belonging to different scientific and technical industries may coincide in their abbreviated form, i.e., in this case, abbreviation creates a homonymy that makes it difficult to understand and is therefore considered a negative phenomenon in both the common language and the languages for special purposes. The study confirms that as a result of the multi-stage process of the development of science in the process of creating values of material culture, clarification, concretization, or expansion of scientific concepts occur, which leads to the appearance of multi-word units in the language.
In modern automotive language for special purposes, synonymy is respected, since the abbreviation becomes the second name of the same concept. It should be noted that abbreviations in various fields of science and technology can be completely
«Вопросы развития современной науки и техники» consistent in form, which, in turn, leads to homonymy and complicates understanding
[3].
It was revealed that at the stage of formation, national special tokens can have their own characteristic differences, which are the result of reflecting the national cognitive characteristics of communities of data languages.
Библиографический список:
1. Как читать АВТО сокращения и аббревиатуру [Электронный ресурс]: Ustabor.uz. - Режим доступа: https://auto.ustabor.uz/blog/view/361/ (дата обращения: 19.04.2021).
2. Main Components of Lubricating System and Cooling System - Diesel Generator Set [Электронный ресурс]: Starlight Power. - Режим доступа: https://www.dieselgeneratortech.com/diesel-generators/main-components-of-lubricating-and-cooling-system.html (дата обращения: 20.04.2021).
3. Abbreviations and shortenings in modern English language 17.07.2018 by N.A. Hlukhovs'ka [Electronic resource]: Allbest. - Режим доступа: https://revolution.allbest.ru/languages/00973986_0.html#text (accessed: 21.04.2021).
© С.К.Б. Рабееах, Л.А. Чапляева, 2021
