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24THE INTENSITY OF THE EFFECT OF THE EXPLOSION OF BOREHOLE CHARGES OF EXPLOSIVES IN MULTI-STRENGTH ROCKS OF DEEP QUARRIES
Odiljon G'ofurovich Khayitov
Candidate of geological and mineralogical Sciences, associate Professor, head of the Department "Mining"
Nusrotullo Raxmatullaevich Ziyodov
Intern researcher, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
Asliddinjon O'tkir ogli Fatkhiddinov
PhD scholar of the
department of Mining, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
Azamat Abdurashidovich
Umirzoqov PhD scholar of the
department of Mining, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
ABSTRACT
A wide range of changes in the mining and geological properties of rocks in deep quarries requires an individual approach when blasting rocks with various solid inclusions located in the enclosing less strong rocks. In the case of an explosion of a rock mass with solid interlayers on the narrow working ledges of a large deep quarry, it is necessary to ensure sufficient study of the solid interlayers and the creation of a compact, uniform fractional composition of the collapse.
Keywords: borehole, explosion, drilling and blasting operations, rock, quarry, open pit mining.
INTRODUCTION
This can be achieved by placing the explosive charge in the places where solid inclusions occur or by increasing the duration of the explosion. Both of these areas are united by the developed technology for charging a down hole explosive charge with an air gap and a cumulative recess in the lower part of the charge [1-5]. In the lower part of the well, in order to raise the charge to the level of solid inclusions, an air gap is created, with a length of 1+-2 m, and to work through the lower part of the array, a cumulative recess is made in the lower part of the down hole charge of the explosive. The charge is initiated at a height of 2/3-3/4 of the charge length. This design of the charge due to the location of the explosive charge directly under the solid inclusion will increase the impact of the explosion on it. The air gap, made with a cumulative recess, forms a jet that creates a shock wave directed down and to the sides of the well. In turn, the stress waves from the cumulative charge, directed upwards, produce a secondary crushing of
the overlying rocks. The direction of the energy of a part of the explosive charge to the lower part of the well increases the impact time of the explosion on the array and creates two waves of stresses affecting the entire array. To determine the effect of the distance from the charge to the solid inclusion layer on the results of the explosion and to study the effect of the explosion on the solid inclusion in the array, in the form of a layer lying in the upper part of the ledge, physical modeling of brittle and "viscous" layers of solid inclusions was carried out by using plates made of organic glass and marble. Holes with a diameter of 8 mm were made in the sheet of organic glass. The glass was superimposed on a box of clay, a mixture of wood, and holes in the glass were drilled into the clay to a depth of 30 cm. The resulting" wells " were filled with a mixture of gunpowder and smoke powder. To initiate the charge, a capsule detonator was inserted into the powder [6-10]. In the first "well" there was a cumulative recess in the lower part of the down hole charge of explosives. It was made of Styrofoam, so that the charge was under the glass. In the model, the capsule detonator was located at a distance of 10 cm under the glass, and the powder went 1 mm into the glass. The rest of the glass space was filled with a solution of alabaster. In the second "well", the charge was located at a depth of 0.7 of the glass thickness. The air gap below it was correspondingly reduced. In the third well, the charge was installed at a distance equal to 1.5 glass thickness without cumulative recess [11-14].
METHODOLOGY
In the fourth well, the charge was installed at a distance of 2.5 mm of glass thickness, with almost no air gap in the lower part. The experiment was repeated with marble as a solid inclusion. After the explosion of the explosive charge in the first "well" in the organic glass, an intensive crushing zone with a radius of about 5.5 cm and a depth of 2.7 cm was formed. The diameter of the "well", after the explosion, increased to 3 cm, at a distance of 12-18 cm there were radial cracks. In the second well, the zone of intensive crushing was about 2 cm and 0.5 cm deep, the zone of radial cracks was 3.5 cm, and the cracks did not come to the surface. In the third well, there is a zone of intensive crushing, expressed by a "printed" circle with a diameter of 1.5 cm to a depth of 0.1 cm, there is no zone of radial cracks. In the fourth well-a spot with a diameter of 1 cm was formed, there is no other impact of the explosion. After conducting experimental explosions, using marble: in the first well, an intensive crushing zone with a diameter of 13.6-14.7 cm was formed, with an exit to the surface, where a hole with a diameter of 65. 5 cm was formed, radial cracks on average reached a length of 14-18 cm around the well, all of them reached the edge of the plate, but unlike glass, several cracks were formed crossing the radial ones; in the second well, the zone of intensive crushing was insignificant about 3.0 cm and 0.7 cm deep, radial cracks, only four of them were formed, reached the edge of the plate, and came out to the surface; in the third well, there was no
zone of intensive crushing, the zone of radial cracks was 3-4 cm, some reached the surface [15-19].
DISCUSSION
In the second and third cases, the main destructive effect is the swelling of the underlying rock. From the analysis of it can be seen that the study of the massif, sufficient for mining operations, will be at a distance from the solid inclusion to the charge of about: 0.6 of the thickness of the solid inclusion formation for "viscous" rocks and 1.1 of the thickness of the solid inclusion formation for the solid inclusion of brittle rocks [2024]. And at a depth of location of the charge equal to more than 1,8-2,2 the explosion practically passes into a hole in the well without affecting the solid formation. The formation in this case, due to the swelling of clays, is destroyed by natural micro and macro cracks. Inside the array, when the charge is located directly under the solid inclusion, there is no formation of a camouflage cavity after the explosion. The explosion caused the formation of an active crushing zone; this zone is not pronounced and is a section of the massif around the "well" broken by a large number of cracks. The presence of an air gap with a cumulative recess, in the lower part of the well, allows you to work out the lower part of the ledge. At the same time, at a distance of two borehole diameters, an "isthmus" of about four to five borehole diameters, broken by cracks, was formed [2528].
RESULTS
The use of with a controlled volume concentration of explosion energy, suitable for charging dry and flooded wells, in combination with a combined design of charges, allows you to solve almost any technological tasks of BWR with the existing fleet of drilling rigs. This circumstance contributes to an increase in the height of the ledges, which reduces the number and length of transport horizons, increases the angle of the slope of the side, and increases the intensity of mining operations in deep quarries. At the same time, the technical and economic indicators of open-pit mining operations are increasing. However, on the ledges with a height of 30-40 m, the working conditions of the first rows of borehole charges deteriorate. Accordingly, the study of the sole of the ledge and the array of the explosion deteriorates [29]. The analytical expression that determines the angle of inclination b1 of the inclined well to the bottom of the ledge is obtained from the following positions [30].
CONCLUSION
In order to obtain the design of charges by a pair of divergent wells located in two parallel vertical planes, to implement the explosion effect of parallel-converged charges, an inclined well displaced in space in the second parallel plane is drilled with an
inclination to the bottom of the ledge so that it intersects the vertical well in the projection at the point of the beginning of the charge in this well, and the calculated, overcome by a cylindrical mono-charge of large diameter equivalent to the energy of the applied BB pair of divergent wells - in the middle, the vertical parallel planes are separated from each other by a distance of one or two diameters of a large-diameter well, equivalent in energy to the applied BB of a pair of diverging wells.
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