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Mirsalixova N.A. assistant lecturer Department "Economics of industries" Tashkent University Applied Sciences (TAFU)
THE INFLUENCE OF TOURISM ON THE ECONOMY AND SOCIO-CULTURAL LIFE IN THE COUNTRY: THEORETICAL ASPECT OF
THE ISSUE
Abstract. General concepts of why it is necessary to develop the tourism sector; types of tourism; which development of which sectors of the economy can be affected by tourism; factors influencing the development of regional tourism or possible factors impeding the development of this area.
Key words: the need for tourism development, tourism facilities, development of new tourism destinations, supporting tourism infrastructure.
Tourism provides an opportunity to get acquainted with the culture of other countries and regions, satisfies a person's curiosity, enriches him spiritually, improves his physical health, and promotes personal development. It allows you to combine relaxation with learning new things.
The most popular types of tourism
Recreational tourism: sea, sun, beach...
Cultural and historical tourism: for the most curious...
Medical and health tourism: with health benefits...
Sports and extreme tourism: for those who appreciate adrenaline and obstacles...
Business tourism: business without barriers [1].
It should be noted that the tourism infrastructure includes a variety of tourist resources, which are the basis for creating a tourist product and forming tourist attractiveness, they create tourist interest, provide motivation for tourists and increase the competitiveness of a tourist destination [2].
What can contribute to the development of tourism?
The tourism industry is a diversified industrial complex engaged in the reproduction of conditions for travel and recreation, that is, the production of a tourist product. It is one of the most significant economic sectors in the world, and for some developing countries it is the main economic sector (Cyprus, Malaysia, Thailand, etc.).
However, the definition of the tourism industry as a complex of enterprises in the production and non-production spheres, providing tourism services and producing goods of tourist demand, is a consequence of the sectoral approach. Therefore, it is worth considering that the tourism industry is not only a collection of the above listed enterprises, but is one of the forms of territory development. Economic factors in the development of tourism The industrial era, in which
material well-being was the main value, is being replaced by the post-industrial era, where the main goal is impressions and sensations. Important factors influencing the development of tourism were the development of transport, communications, growing mobility, urbanization, reduction of working hours, and growth of social wealth. Under these conditions, the socio-economic position of tourism is rapidly strengthening. Its share in global trade in services is more than 30%. In the world market, the tourism product is the leader along with oil. The annual growth of investment in the tourism industry is about 35%. Tourism has become one of the most profitable types of business and today uses up to 7% of global capital.
The rapid strengthening of the financial and economic position of the tourism industry has led to the fact that in many countries of the world tourism has become a significant factor in regional development. Territorial authorities of various hierarchical levels, from counties and districts to federal authorities, take care of the development of tourism and areas with valuable recreational resources. Tourism is considered as a catalyst for the regional economy, allowing the use not only of the entire range of recreational resources, but also the most effective use of the total production and socio-cultural potential of the territory while maintaining environmental and cultural diversity. Based on this, the authorities initiate the development of a strategy for tourism activity, together with business — development of tourism infrastructure, creation of national parks and recreational areas, attraction of investments and increase in the number of visits to the region [3].
Why is tourism so important?
Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the world economy. The tourism sector employs one in ten people on earth and provides the livelihoods of hundreds of millions more. It grows economies and allows countries to prosper.
It allows people to discover some of the world's cultural and natural riches and brings people closer together, highlighting our common humanity. Indeed, it can be said that tourism itself is one of the wonders of the world [4].
What factors influence the development of tourism?
Factors promoting the development of domestic and inbound tourism are:
- political
- the presence of a democratic rule of law state
- economic
- the achieved level of domestic and incoming tourist flow
- social
- favorable image of the country
- cultural
- cultural and historical potential
- natural
- environmental
Culture is the fundamental basis of the process of development, preservation, strengthening of independence, sovereignty and identity of peoples. The purpose of cultural development is to ensure well-being and meet the needs of society and each person. This means that every person, every nation has the right to receive information, acquire knowledge and pass on their experience.
The similarity of the paths of historical evolution of culture and tourism predetermined the commonality of new methods of approach to their further development: over the past forty years, the process of democratization of culture and tourism has been taking place in most countries of the world. Culture and tourism form an integral part of human life. Self-awareness and knowledge of the world around us, personal development and achievement of set goals - all this is unthinkable without acquiring cultural knowledge at home, at work and while traveling.
Over the past decades, the concepts of "culture" and "tourism" have expanded, and there are still no final and generally accepted definitions of these concepts, as they are in the process of transformation. At the Mexico City Conference (1981), two definitions of culture were used. One is of a more general nature, based on cultural anthropology and including everything that man has created in addition to nature: all directions of social thought, economic activity, production, consumption, literature and art, lifestyle and expression of human dignity. The other is of a more specialized nature and is built on the "culture of culture," that is, on the moral, spiritual, intellectual and artistic aspects of human life.
What is needed to develop domestic tourism?
To develop domestic tourism, it is necessary to develop tourism clusters with accessible accommodation facilities, restaurants, cafes, leisure and entertainment centers, as well as sports activities for various categories of travelers.
What impact does tourism infrastructure have on tourism development?
Tourism infrastructure is proposed to be considered as a set of interconnected structures, including tangible and intangible components that support tourism activities. The degree of development of tourism infrastructure affects the competitiveness of a tourist destination.
What factor plays a key role in the development of tourism?
The goals, types and forms of travel, tour planning are closely related to certain geographical areas and objects. Therefore, the geographical factor plays a key role in tourism.
What is enabling infrastructure?
Supporting infrastructure - objects of transport, energy, utilities, social, digital infrastructure used exclusively for the purpose of implementing the investment project.
What types of tourism can be developed?
Priority types of tourism in Uzbekistan:
- Children's tourism
- Cultural and educational tourism
- Ski tourism
- Ecological tourism
What is needed to develop domestic tourism?
To develop domestic tourism, it is necessary to develop tourism clusters with accessible accommodation facilities, restaurants, cafes, leisure and entertainment centers, as well as sports activities for various categories of travelers.
Why is tourism so important?
It grows economies and allows countries to prosper. It allows people to discover some of the world's cultural and natural riches and brings people closer together, highlighting our common humanity. Indeed, it can be said that tourism itself is one of the wonders of the world.
What types of tourism are developing?
Cultural and historical tourism UNESCO and the WTO play a leading role in coordinating and standardizing global cultural and tourism activities....
Cycle tourism is one of the most environmentally friendly and healthy types of tourism.
- Ecological tourism...
- Rural tourism...
- Medical and health tourism
What types of tourism objects are there?
Objects of visit for tourists are monuments of architecture, history, culture, places associated with important historical events and personalities, museums, art galleries and other educational tourism sites. Cultural, entertainment, business, sports and other types of tourism are actively developing.
What is enabling infrastructure?
Supporting infrastructure - objects of transport, energy, utilities, social, digital infrastructure used exclusively for the purpose of implementing the investment project.
What is the main tourism product?
The tourism product includes basic and additional services: Basic - services that are included in the tourist package and are purchased by the tourist at his place of residence. Additional - services not provided for in the voucher or travel package, brought to the consumer in the mode of his free choice.
What are the disadvantages associated with tourism development?
One of the main problems hindering the development of tourism in Uzbekistan is the lack of convenient and accessible infrastructure. The lack of modern hotels, hotels and other tourist facilities makes it difficult for tourists to have a comfortable stay and discourages potential visitors.
References:
1. Tourism. M.A. Vinokurov, News of Baikal State University, 2004.
2. Competitiveness of a tourist destination, analysis of its main competitive advantages, "Econimics&Business" Morozov M.A., Voyt M.N.
3. "Signs of tourism", Russian Economic University named after G.V. Plekhanov.
4. From the report of Antonio Guterres, UN Secretary-General, on the topic: It is extremely important to restore the economic sector.
5. The phenomenon of cultural tourism, Kuban State Technical Unversity
