CC BY
17
Muzropova F.I. assistant
department "Geodesy, Cadastre and land use" Karshi Engineering Institute of Economics
GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF TOURISM RESOURCES AND RECREATION ACTIVITIES
Abstract. In this article, the geographical basis of determining the level of development of tourist resources and tourism infrastructure, scientific and practical proposals and recommendations for their improvement, the rational use of tourist and recreational resources, the development of many types of tourism activities in the future, and the improvement of the existing tourism infrastructure are detailed.
Keywords: World Travel and Tourism Council, Tourism Resources, World Tourism Organization, tourism geography, architecture, historical monuments, cultural objects.
Introduction. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), tourists spent 1.7 trillion dollars on travel, which is almost 7% of international exports and 27.4% of services exports. It accounted for 1 in 4 new jobs worldwide and 10.6 percent of all jobs (334 million) [2].
By the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, tourism began to develop more rapidly on a global scale. In this, different regions of the world and even individual countries play an important role.
According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), Uzbekistan will become the leading tourist region of Central Asia by the beginning of the 21st century, and tourist routes will increase by 15%. If we look at the dynamics of the development of tourism in the republic, it is observed that it grows every year. In order to ensure the development of tourism, it is necessary to analyze each of its elements, in particular, the content and essence of tourist resources from a scientific and theoretical point of view.
In particular, the concept of tourist resources is defined differently in scientific sources. M.B. Birzhakov defines touristic resources - the tourism process takes into account natural-climatic, social-cultural, historical, archaeological, architectural, scientific, production, landscape views and other objects capable of satisfying human demand [3; c.184.]. V.S. Senin tourist resources - natural, socio-cultural, specially protected areas, spas, treatment and health centers and other places in the country (place) that will help to restore and develop the physical and mental strength of tourists and excursionists, satisfy their spiritual needs, believes that objects are included [4;c.379.]. In his definition, N.E. Ibadullaev states that tourist resources are understood as natural, cultural-historical, socio-economic and other objects aimed at meeting the needs of a
person, such as restoring physical, mental and mental strength, developing intellectual potential, and forming the basis for the organization of tourism activities [ 5; 114 p.].
There are several scientific approaches among scientists regarding the classification of tourist resources. In particular, the Polish economist M. Truasi divided tourist resources into three groups: natural (climate, air, landscape, sea, lake, rivers, mountains, forest, etc.); recommended to be divided into man-made tourist resources (architecture, historical monuments, cultural objects, etc.) and additional tourist resources (food facilities, transport-logistics structures, entertainment venues and sports facilities, etc.). Therefore, it will be possible to evaluate the level of service to tourists through these tourist resources.
French researcher P. Deferem approaches this issue differently and recommends dividing all tourist resources into 4 groups: hydrome (water bodies); phytom (land, nature); litom (man-made architectural monuments, etc.); anthropom (all manifestations of human activity - himself, his life, traditions, national cultures, etc.) [4]. If the author's classification is taken into account, then the elements of tourist resources may be interrelated.
V.S. Bogolyubov and V.P. Orlovskaya distinguished the following main characteristics of tourist resources: convenience, climatic conditions, level of study, tourist importance, landscape and ecological characteristics, socio-demographic characteristics, potential, accessibility, etc. showed [6]. Here, it is necessary to pay attention to the attractiveness, uniqueness, historical and cultural resources and infrastructure potential of the region.
71.2% of the total income of the tourism industry came from domestic tourists, and the rest from foreign tourists [6;115 p.]. The tourism sector is becoming a leading factor that determines the financial potential of countries, population income, quality of life, and the cultural and intellectual status of their people.
In 2021-2025, it is planned to increase the share of the tourism industry in the economy of our country, to increase the share of tourism in the gross domestic product.
The word "Tour", which is considered the basis of the word tourism, comes from the Latin word "Tornare", which means a circular shape. This word has entered other western languages without changing its meaning. For example, the French words "tourner" and "tour" are still used today. In English, the word tourism appeared in 1811 after the word tourist. In German, only the word "auslander" (foreigner or foreigner) was used. In 1958, special attention was paid to the German language, and the equivalent of tourism, "fremdenverkehr" or "tourismus", and the equivalent of the word "turist" began to be used in the style of "tourist" [4; 34 pp.].
According to the UN Rome Conference on International Tourism in 1963, a person who travels from one country to another and stays there for at least 24 hours and uses tourist services is called a "tourist".
The Law on Tourism of the Republic of Uzbekistan defines tourism as follows. Tourism is the activity of an individual who leaves his permanent place of residence without engaging in activities related to income from sources in the country (place) of temporary stay [1]. This refers to people taking a vacation or traveling without engaging in any gainful activity during the trip.
Tourism geography, according to the well-known scientist A. Soliev, is "live, active" or "geography in motion". Because, in order to see a tourist object, a tourist must go to that place and see it directly. This is done on the basis of geographical routes. In addition, the history and origin of the science of geography depends to a large extent on different types of travel, in the modern language, tourism. In general, tourism is becoming a multifaceted complex concept in a broad sense.
Scholars define the subject of geography of tourism and recreation in different ways. According to B.B. Rodomon, the task of geographers is that they determine the possibilities of the regions, map recreation resources, develop recommendations for effective use, develop ways to protect beautiful landscapes for recreation purposes, and consider the goal of recreation geography [5; pp. 311342].
Tourism as a branch of the economy is one of the most important income-generating areas, and it includes historical, architectural, modern urban planning architecture, natural, cultural monuments, ethnographic, religious, recreation, and health facilities as a tourist economic activity and material technical base.
Tourism geography is one of the fast-developing, new research areas of economic and social geography. Tourism, as one of the important factors that increase the economic and social potential of countries and regions, is important in their sustainable development.
Recreational geography includes a set of activities aimed at relaxing, restoring health, enjoying the beauty of nature, and raising the human spirit. Each region has its own system of recreational resources. A person restores his health using recreational resources in his free time and, in turn, contributes to the development of the recreation sector. It is known that in every country, economically active labor resources are its main wealth. Because of this, health care is a leading factor in the socio-economic development of the country.
Consequently, long-term recreational activities are compatible with tourism, and in this sense tourism geography is compatible with traditional recreational geography. Recreational tourism is directly related to the restoration of human health (resort, sanatorium, boarding house, etc.). In our opinion, tourism geography and recreation tourism are very related concepts. Recreation studies ways to rationally organize human recreational activities and effectively use recreational resources.
N.F. Reimers states that "recreation is when people relax in natural areas or go on trips to national parks, architectural monuments, and other places of entertainment in order to restore their health and work ability" [4]. Recreational
resources are natural and anthropogenic geosystems, natural phenomena, objects and natural phenomena that can be used to organize recreation and wellness of a certain contingent of people using the technologies of consumer importance and existing material capabilities [3]. Recreational resources are comprehensive and include all natural, historical, socio-economic and other resources widely used in human activities.
Our republic is fundamentally different from neighboring countries in terms of its opportunities in the field of international tourism. Uzbekistan's favorable geographical location and natural climatic conditions play an important role in its cultural development. Uzbekistan is a country with unique historical architecture and archeological monuments, cuisine of sweet and sugary fruits, national dishes, wonderful national art and traditions, customs, hospitable people. All this attracts the attention of foreign tourists and amazes them.
Political stability, peace and harmony in Uzbekistan are important for the development of international tourism. 93.8% of foreign tourists coming to Uzbekistan are from the CIS countries and 6.2% are tourists from distant foreign countries. Most of the tourists want to relax in nature, hunt, do sports and other activities in their free time and restore their health. Therefore, many tourism firms and companies in foreign countries try to use these factors effectively.
The purpose of going on tourist trips is to see new places, enjoy the beauty of nature, mountain or forest air, rest in the bosom of "wild" nature, as well as to see other people's customs, culture, art, and historical monuments. Therefore, while the ecologically clean area is an important object of ecotourism for its wonderful nature and other recreational resources, it reminds us that ecologically sensitive areas should also be explored at the same time.
Our republic is extremely rich in potential of natural-climatic, historical-cultural and other touristic resources. Studying them from the point of view of religious pilgrimage and ecotourism is of great scientific and practical importance. The touristic potential of many water bodies in the regions has not yet been sufficiently explored. Therefore, in order to effectively use such hydrological objects, it is necessary to conduct large-scale research, as well as to increase the interest of companies and organizations engaged in tourism.
In countries where tourism is well developed in the world, such as Italy, Switzerland, and Spain, tours are organized by tourist companies based on various routes for local and foreign tourists. This includes maintaining the ecological purity of rivers and lakes. Here, rivers and streams, lakes in the region are excellent ecotourism objects.
Summary: Based on the above, it can be said that along with the use of tourism-recreational resources in our republic, it is necessary to take into account the needs of the population to rest, and to form a recreation and resort-sanatorium economy (infrastructure) in different regions of the country. The economic importance of tourist resources is that it mobilizes the country's natural resources for the development of tourism.
In particular, efforts are being made to ensure ecological stability in the country, to use natural resources for tourists' recreation, to preserve water bodies, air and forests in their natural state, and to attract tourists to these resources.
The important issue of the current period is to develop the economy and improve the socio-economic condition of the population. Taking into account that the majority of the population of our republic lives in rural areas, tourism is an important factor in creating new jobs in rural areas, which are considered rich in labor resources, and ensuring the well-being of rural residents.
These, in turn, can be achieved through the effective use of the available tourism and recreation resources of the regions, the physical and spiritual health of the population and the improvement of the economic and social situation.
References:
1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on July 18, 2019 "On Tourism" No. ORQ-549.
2. https://kapital.kz/world/95155/dolya-turizma-v-mirovom-vvp-snizilas-vdvoye.html
3. Birzhakov M.B. Introduction to tourism: uchebnik. izdanie 9-e, pererabotannoe i dopolnennoe. - SPb.: 2007. p. 184.
4. Senin V.S. Organization of international tourism. Uchebnik - M.: Finance and statistics, 2004, p. 379.
5. Rodomon B.B. Geograficheskie problemy otdikha i turizma// Territorialnie sistemy proizvoditelnix sil. - M.: Mysl, 1971. P.311-342
6. Mahamadaliev R.Y., Mahmudov M.M. "Regional aspects of increasing population employment in tourism". Geographical problems and opportunities of tourism and recreation development in Uzbekistan. International scientific and practical conference. Chirchik city, October 11-12, 2019. 115 p.
7. Information from the Statistics Department of Kashkadarya Region.
