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Секция «Философия космоса и космонавтики: перспективы развития в XXI веке»
УДК 316.5
THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN AND TECHNICAL FACTORS ON FLIGHT SAFETY
D. A. Pyataev*, N. M. Podporina, O. V. Letunova
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology 31, Krasnoyarsky Rabochy Av., Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation *E-mail: [email protected]
The problems of human and technical factors influence on flight safety are considered. The problems of space exploration are considered. Solutions to these problems are proposed.
Keywords: aviation, space, flight safety, modernization of aircraft.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО И ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ФАКТОРОВ
НА БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ПОЛЕТОВ
Д. А. Пятаев*, Н. М. Подпорина, О. В. Летунова
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газ. «Красноярский рабочий», 31
*E-mail: [email protected]
Рассматриваются проблемы влияния человеческого и технического факторов на безопасность полётов. Рассматриваются проблемы освоения космоса. Предлагаются решения данных проблем.
Ключевые слова: авиация, космос, исследование, безопасность полетов, модернизация авиации.
Technical progress does not stand still. Absolutely all types of transport are being modernized, but despite the progress in science and improvement of technologies, there are often accidents and catastrophes associated with transport, regardless of its type. The disasters are caused by various objective conditions and subjective factors. The objective conditions include adverse natural phenomena such as thunderstorms, squalls (gusts of wind from 12 m/s and above, storms, hurricanes), fogs, icing, rainfall, hail, blizzards, dust storms, low clouds, air turbulence, causing a bolt. The danger of static electricity discharges in the clouds, snowdrifts, slush and ice on the runway and insidious wind changes in the surface layer above the airfield, called vertical wind shear should also be mentioned. The main subjective factor of disasters is human activity. Therefore, the most urgent problem is the impact of the human factor on flight safety, but it is also necessary to take into account the failure of the equipment. According to statistical studies, air transport is one of the safest modes of transport. However, plane crashes take place, especially during takeoff and landing of the aircraft. The lack of funds for the modernization of aircraft, low qualification of aircraft personnel, relatively outdated aircraft, the inadequacy of some passengers, international terrorism - the main problems of air travel.
Indeed, most of the air fleet of many countries is outdated. This is mainly the aircraft of the "third world", as these countries bought from Russia aircraft produced in the days of the Soviet Union. In Russia, at the moment, aviation is becoming less competitive compared to aviation under the Soviet regime. In the USSR, the training system was at the highest level. "The system of training both military and civil aviation specialists worked as a good clockwork. No one had to be sent abroad for retraining, paying in foreign currency. It was not necessary to buy imported equipment, and then depend on the supply of spare parts and components, depend on foreign maintenance, certification, extension of resources, and other things, all that is associated with the operation of aircraft. All this could be done inside our country. As for foreign equipment, it was only produced in the countries of socialist Commonwealth. What was the way of thousands of Soviet boys to aviation? Most often, they began to
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study in the country's flying clubs, which were common in the country. Yak-52, Yak-50 began to fly. Some pilots remained in sports aviation. Others continued their career in military and civil aviation schools. In schools of GVF, pilots were trained on the famous "stool", the Yak-18T." [1]
According to JACDEC (Jet Airliner Crash Data Evaluation Center) "Airline Safety Ranking 2018" no Russian airline is included in the top 20 most secure. Mainly that the of 20 mainly include US airlines, the UK and the UAE [2]. This situation occurs because countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom train pilots at the highest level, without sending them to retrain abroad for foreign currency. In addition, the aircraft in these countries are produced at the highest level of modern technology. As for the Emirates, it is also economically strong and developed syate. The economic situation of this country allows buying good aircraft.
During the" cold war» between the USSR and the USA, the task for engineers and scientists was to create a rocket and send a man into outer space before his colleagues from the States did it. All scientific achievement devoted to the development of the spacecraft. Great Soviet scientists worked for several years before they achieved the desired result. Space exploration at this time was of immediate interest, but after the end of the cold war and the collapse of the USSR, the pace of development was significantly stalled. Other problems have become urgent in the world. Then, for example, in Russia, the authorities paid more attention to eradication of criminal groups than to developing space exploration, which has become less interesting for people. It should be made out a case of that situation, when the specialists tell about that time: "When at the beginning of 2010 in one of Kiev universities I planned a round table devoted to Space travel: science, education, practice - it was perceived as madness. The space topic stopped being important at that time. The problems associated with the unstable political situation, economic recession, crisis in the education system, eventually led to an overall crisis, actualization of current needs and devaluation of long-term large-scale planning. A society focused on enrichment, profit and entertainment, thinking only about urgent needs and short-term prospects, was completely indifferent to its future and the future of its children and grandchildren." [3, p. 6]
Thus, "human" and "technical" factors are the main problems of aviation and cosmonautics. They are closely linked. A "Technical factor", in its turn, originates from a "human" one. Malfunctions in technology often occur because of human factor. Many people in this field, create it, monitor its condition and exploit it. It is also necessary to take into account the political, social, economic and military situation of the countries. These factors greatly affect the development of aviation and space exploration.
Safety assurance is possible only during the full and completed cycle of activities, ranging from the identification of hazards to effective management decisions. At the same time, the decisive factor in ensuring the safety and reliability of the aviation system is the activity of the management of the aviation units of the state aviation.
Analysis of the recommendations a comprehensive group of security Service of aircraft flights based on troops inspection indicates the lack of top management officials in the organization of the revealed violations elimination and shortcomings in the production, management and flight operations.
As a result, this leads to the fact that the identified hazards are becoming permanent.
It should be emphasized that most of the existing hazards are due to the insufficient level of management training in aviation formations for the organization of planning, production, management and maintenance of flights. [4]
References
1. Bazaluk O. A. Kosmicheskiye puteshestviya - puteshestvuyushchaya psikhika. Kurs lektsiy. Kiyev: Izd-vo KNT, 2012. P. 424
2. Airline Safety Ranking 2018 » JACDEC available at: http://www.jacdec.de/airline-safety-ranking-2018/ [28 Mar 2018]
3. Podgotovka grazhdanskikh i voyennykh pilotov: togda i seychas available at: http://avia.pro/blog/podgotovka-grazhanskih-i-voennyh-pilotov [21 Apr 2018]
4. Bajnetov S.D. Obespechenie bezopasnosti poletov: problemy i ih reshenie. // Rossijskoe voennoe obozrenie - February 2010 - № 2 (73) - P. 22-25
© Pyataev D. A., Podporina N. M., Letunova O.V. 2019
