CC BY
17
DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-94-100
The influence of classes in the pool on the functional state of a special medical group students of the Medical academy named after S.I. Georgievsky
Olga B. Mametova'*, Alla A. Titarenko', Audrey V. Lukavenko2, Natalia L. Kosyachuk'
'Crimean Federal University named after VI. Vernadsky
Simferopol, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-4807-6093, olgamametova@mail.ru* ORCID: 0000-0003-2303-5575, alla titarenka@mail.ru ORCID: 0000-0001-6722-4314, Kosyachuknl@icloud.com 2University of the Procurator's Office of the Russian Federation
Simferopol, Russia ORCID:0000-0003-4'37-9750, Lukavenkoklass'@rambler.ru
Abstract: Attracting students with disabilities to swimming classes has a pronounced health-improving effect. Adaptation of these students to physical exertion is becoming an urgent problem. That requires teachers to individually select the means and methods of conducting classes, depending on the disease, throughout the entire period of study at the university. Materials. The study was conducted among first-year students who were assigned to a special medical group for health reasons. Research methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, testing, evaluation. The spirometry method was used to determine the indicators of external respiration function, and the PWC170. Results. Test was used to determine the level of physical performance development. According to the results of the research, it was found that the greatest increase in the indicators of external respiration and the level of physical performance was in the group where special exercises were used. They affect the organs and systems of the body with deviations in functioning. Conclusion. Based on the obtained data, methodological recommendations are proposed and adjustments are made in the content of physical education classes at the university when working with students of special medical groups.
Keywords: students, health, special medical group, physical activity, physical exercises, physical qualities, physical performance, adaptation, swimming, maximum lung ventilation.
For citation: Olga B. Mametova*, Alla A. Titarenko, Andrey V. Lukavenko, Natalia L. Kosyachuk. The influence of classes in the pool on the functional state of a special medical group students of the Medical academy named after S.I. Georgievsky. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(1): 7580. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-94-100
INTRODUCTION
The task of improving the effectiveness of physical education classes with students of special medical groups (SMG) is one of the most urgent. The number of students with a particular disease is growing every year. First-year students of the S. I. Georgievsky Medical Academy are no exception. Analysis of the first-year students physical condition level during 2015-2020 showed that the number of students assigned to a special medical group increased from 14.8 to 23.7%, and those released increased from 3.7 to 5.1%. In this regard, it is obvious that there is a need to find new forms, means and methods of conducting physical education classes. The main tasks that need to be solved by means of physical education are to increase the level
of physical performance, improve the health of the body, and develop physical qualities [1]. Various deviations in the state of health, different levels of physical fitness dictate the need for an individual approach to students of special medical groups in physical education classes [1, 2].
The method of physical education, which is currently widespread in higher educational institutions, is difficult for students who have deviations in their health status. One of the forms of conducting classes with students of a special medical group is classes in the pool. The unique physical properties of water have a beneficial effect on various systems and on the body as a whole, and the health-improving role of swimming in comparison with other types of physical exercise lies
in the various effects of water on the human body.
The variety of tools used in the aquatic environment allows to choose sets of exercises for almost all students with various diseases [3, 4].
Selection of the most effective exercises in the pool for students with health problems identified the relevance of our research. The purpose of it was to assess the effects of training in the pool on respiratory function and physical capacity of students SMG.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research involved 90 first-year students. All students were assigned to a special medical group. 30 students had a history of chronic bronchitis (1-gy), 30 students had a history of postural impairment or scoliosis of 1-2 degrees (2-gy), and 3 students had a history of chronic bronchitis and postural impairment or scoliosis.
During classes, students of these groups performed special sets of exercises characteristic of the corresponding disease. For students of the first group, the complex included breathing exercises with various types of exhalation: forced exhalation, exhalation after holding the breath, fractional exhalation, long exhalation, etc. The exercises were performed with a fixed support, with a movable support, without support. Exercises with additional resistance, for the development of muscle strength, and aerobic exercises were also performed. Students of the second group performed exercises of a general strengthening and correcting nature. A set of exercises was performed in flippers and with a noodle, the complex is unique and patented by the teachers of the department. Classes in the third group were conducted according to the swimming training program.
Classes for all groups were held in the pool 2 times a week during the school year. At the beginning and at the end of the year, the state of external respiration function and the level of physical performance development in all subjects were determined.
For the assessment of respiratory function were recorded, with the help of computer peak flow meter "Spiro Test RS", the following parameters: respiratory rate (BH, min -1); tidal volume (ml,
l); respiratory minute volume (MOD l/min); vital capacity (VC, l); inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory ( police Department and ROWID, l); forced vital capacity (FVC); forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1, l); average flow speed at 25-75% vital capacity of lungs (SOS 25/75, l/s); the peak bulk velocity (POS, l/s); maximum ventilation (IAL, l); index Tirro. All volume indicators were automatically adjusted to the BTPS conditions. The device provides a study of the respiration mechanics parameters by three methods: 1 - "The structure of the vent", 2 - "Forced exhalation", 3 - "Maximum ventilation of the lungs".
To determine the level of physical performance, the PWC170 test was used. The value of PWC170 corresponds to the power of physical activity. It leads to an increase in the heart rate to 170 beats / min. The direct method of determining PWC170 was applied. A velo-ergometric step-increasing test was used with 25 W load steps for 3 minutes at each stage. The pedaling speed is 60 revolutions per minute. The initial load corresponded to 1 W per 1 kg of the subject's body weight. The signals on the indicator corresponded to the heart rate. This test is designed to determine the physical performance of young people (up to 30 years). The test is based on the following positions. They determine the choice of a pulse equal to 170 beats/min, and the method for calculating the values of PWC170 [5, 6]. There is a zone of optimal functioning of the cardiorespiratory system during physical exertion. In young people, it is limited to the pulse range from 170 to 200 beats/min. This zone characterizes the work of the heart in conditions close to the maximum oxygen consumption. Thus, with the help of this test, it is possible to determine the power of physical activity that corresponds to the beginning of the cardio-respiratory system optimal functioning region [5, 6].
The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing. The method of static characterization of the variation series with the determination of the arithmetic mean (x) and the error of the arithmetic mean (Sx) was used. Statistically significant differences were characterized by a p value of no more than 0.05. The data were tested for the normality of the
distribution. The data distribution was estimated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. In the case of a normal distribution of data, the Student's t-test for dependent samples was used for analysis. In the case when a part of the data had a distribution different from the normal one, the nonparametric Wilcoxon T-test was used for the calculation [7].
The statistical package Statistica 6.1 was used for data analysis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
When studying the indicators of the
Table 1 - Results of the students of a SMG external r
external respiratory system, it was found that they changed depending on the nature of the exercises performed by students in the pool. Thus, the students of groups 1 and 2 significantly increased all the volume indicators. While the students of group 3 increased these indicators at an unreliable level of significance. The frequency parameters of all three groups subjects remained virtually unchanged. Respiratory volume indicators in groups 1 and 2 increased by 16.2% and 19.3%, respectively. They led to an increase in the minute volume of breathing. The results are presented in Table 1.
piration function study (n = 90).
Measures, units of measure Groups
Group - 1 ( n = 30) Group - 2 ( n = 30) Group - 3 ( n = 30)
До х После х д% До х После х Д% До х После х д%
ЧД, мин 18,6 18,7±О,7 0,5±0,04 19,1±0,8 19,2±0,7 0,4±0,03 I8,9±0,8 19,1±0,9 0,5±0.04
ДО, л 0,29±0,05 О,52±О,О8 16,2±1.3* 0,31±0,05 0,57±0,07 19,3±1,4* 0,28±0,05 0,31±0,06 0,9±0.06
МОД, л/мин 4,64±0,13 5,68±О,21 19,4±1,5* 5,21±0,15 6,58±0,17 19,8±1,6* 4,94±0,12 5,62±0,l6 11,1±0,9
ЖЕЛ, л 2,9±0,15 3,8±О,17 29±1,9* 3,oi±o,i6 3.9±0,I8 27±1,9* 2,9±0,14 3,2±0,15 10±0,8
л 1,8±0,15 2,2±0,17 25±1,8 1,9±0,14 2,1±0,18 21±1,8 1,7±0,16 1,9±0,17 4,2±0,2
РОВЫД' л 0,9±0,1 1,2±0,12 3,3±0,6 1,0±0,11 1,3±0,12 4,1±0,3 0,8±0,1 0,9±0,11 1,8±0,09
ФЖЕЛ, л 3,1±0,16 3,9±0,17 28±1,7* 3,2±0,15 4,0±0,14 25±2,1* 3,2±1,16 3,6±1,16 11,8±0,8*
ОФВ1, л 2,8±0,13 3,6±0,14 27±1,7* 2,9±0,13 3,7±0,15 25±1,9* 2,8±0,I6 3,4±0,i6 14,2±1,1*
ПОС, л/с 6,3±0,24 6,8±0,19 10,1±0,9* 6,2±0,23 6,9±0,26 10,1±0,9* 6,4±O,28 6,6±0,25 4,5±0,3
СОС25/75, л/с 2,9±0,17 3,6±0,18 24,1±1,8* 3,0±0,17 3,6±0,17 20±1,8* 2,9±0,17 3,2±0,17 9,6±0,7
МВЛ, л/мин 70± 2,9 76± 2,7 9,2±0,8* 71± 2,7 78± 2,4 9,I±0,8* 72±2,5 76± 2,3 6,3±0,3
индекс Тиффно, % 70± 2,8 78± 2,4 11,5±1,1* 71± 2,6 79± 2,6 11,6±0,9* 72±2,5 75± 2,8 4,2±0,2
* - the significance of differences, p <0,05
Vital lung capacity increased to a greater extent in students of groups 1 and 2, group 1-29%, group 2-27%. In group 3 students, the increase in VEL was 10%. The increase in the forced respiration
index was at a significant level of significance in all three groups, but in groups 1 and 2 it was 28% and 25 %, and in group 3 only 11.8%. Also, on the substantive significance level the following
parameters of forced breathing were increased, the subjects of the first two groups: the second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), peak volume rate (PIC), average flow speed at 25-75% of lungs vital capacity
(COC25/75).
Students of Group 3 have an increased rate of the second forced expiratory volume. When studying the values of arbitrary maximum ventilation of the lungs, it was found that their increase depended on the nature of the exercises performed during classes in the pool.
Thus, the value of arbitrary maximum lung ventilation in the first two groups increased by 9.2% and 9.1%, respectively. In the third group, this indicator increased by 6.3%. An important spirometric indicator is the FEV1/FVC ratio. It is usually expressed as a percentage and is a modification of the Tiffno index. The Tiffno index is used to assess ventilation capabilities and reflects the strength of the intercostal muscles. It significantly affects respiratory functions. All students are an index value Tiffno in the beginning of the year was below normal and was:
Group 1 - 70%, group 2-71%, group 3 -72% (with a Table 2 - Indicators of absolute physical performance
norm of 75-85% in a healthy person). At the end of the year, the index Tiffno increased in all three groups, but in 1 and 2 groups, an increase of more than 11% in group 3 was 4.2%.
Thus, the use of special exercises for the classroom in the pool with students of special medical group is more effectively to improve respiratory function than using the standard program for learning to swim.
Aerobic work of the muscles is limited by the delivery of oxygen to the tissues, respectively, improving the function of external respiration, we affect one of the factors that affect the level of physical performance [8, 9, 10].
When studying the indicators of physical performance, it was found that they also changed depending on the nature of the exercises performed by students in swimming classes.
The results are presented in Table 2. A significant increase in absolute physical performance was observed in subjects of groups 1 and 2 and amounted to 27.8±1.4% and 28.1±1.7%, respectively, in students of group 3, this indicator was 6.3%.
in students of the SMG (PWC170 W)
groups to X after X A%
Group - 1 (n = 30) 93,8±8,8 120,6±11,1 27,8±1,4*
Group - 2 (n = 30) 94,6±7,8 122,3±10,8 28,1±1,7*
Group - 3 (n = 30) 95,1±8,9 101,6±9,9 6,3±0,4
However, it is known that absolute performance indicators characterize endurance with a high degree of strength component, since the weight of the subject is not taken into account. So we also used relative indicators of physical performance.
Table 3 - Indicators of relative physical performance
The increase in relative performance indicators in students of groups 1 and 2 was 27.9±1.6% and 26.6±1.8%. In the third group of students, the increase was 11.4±1.1%. This also proves the great effectiveness of using special exercises in the pool classes. The results are presented in Table 3. in students of the SMG (PWC170/ kg W/ kg)
groups to X after X A%
Group - 1 (n = 30) 1,4±0,08 1,8±0,09 27,9±1,6*
Group - 2 (n = 30) 1,5±0,07 1,9±0,06 26,6±1,8*
Group - 3 (n = 30) 1,4±0,07 1,6±0,05 11,4±1,1
* - the significance ot differences, p <0,05
CONCLUSION the discipline "Physical Culture" with students of
Thus, it is necessary, if there is a material special medical groups classes in the pool, instead of and technical base, to include in the program for the generally accepted educational and recreational
classes currently used in universities, since regular swimming classes have a positive effect on the respiratory system, respectively, increase its functional capabilities, develop and strengthen the organs and systems of the body.
1. The use of special exercises in swimming classes with students of a special medical group is more effective for improving the function of external respiration than the use of a standard swimming training program.
2. The increase in physical performance indicators is more influenced by special swimming exercises in the pool classes.
Recommendations for practical classes:
1. Rational use of physical culture tools and techniques, both in motion and in situ, in relation to land-water, 1:3.
2. The ratio of physical exercises to breathing exercises, both on land and in water, should be 1:7 on land, 1:2 in water.
3. Monitoring the frequency and depth of inhalation.
4. Use of breath holding during dynamic and static exercises, both on land and in water.
5. General exercises on land prior to swimming.
6. Focus on breathing techniques for swimming in full coordination in different ways: for crawl swimming 3-3, 5-5, 7-7, for swimming on the back - breath - hold swimming for swimming butterfly-breath is performed with 2,3,4,5 strokes, for breaststroke swimming on maximum slipping with forced exhalation in the water before the stroke of the hands. Performing exercises in different starting positions.
7. When studying in the pool with students it is necessary to include different kinds of exhale in the water: forced exhalation, long exhalation, exhaling in parts (incomplete exhalation-respiration, etc.), exhaling after prolonged respiration. All types of exhales are repeated 12-20 times, performed standing and walking. When exhaling into water, the water resistance is overcome, the respiratory muscle is trained and the mobility of the chest is increased.
8. Swimming exercises are carried out with medium intensity. When swimming the farthest
areas of the lungs are breathed, thus avoiding stagnation. The inclusion in the respiratory process of the usually underutilized parts of the lung tissue avoids their premature senile atrophy and many respiratory diseases.
9. Use of exercises with additional resistance (nudlas, floating boards, etc.) to develop the strength of different muscle groups.
10. The use of play in the water often allows for faster mastery of the necessary technical elements and increases the emotional background of the exercise.
REFERENCES
1. Borisova N. Yu., Galkina TN, Yakimova Ya. E. Features of physical education of a special medical group students. Aktual'nye voprosy sovremennojpedagogiki. 2016: 248-251 [In Russ.].
2. Alekseenko S.N. The system of education in the field of disease prevention and the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a medical university. Doctor's thesis. M. 2013: 47.
3. Allakin Yu.A. Fundamentals of teaching and learning to swim. Candidate's thesis. Penza.
1998: 23.
4. Vasilyeva M.A., Trukhacheva L.A. Recuperation of students of a special medical group in the pool. Evrazijskij soyuz uchenyh. 2018; 5-4 (50): 7-9 [In Russ.].
5. Gayvoronsky A.V. Anatomiya dyhatel'noj sistemy [Respiratory system anatomy]. M.: Publishing house ELBI. 2006: 40 [In Russ.].
6. Suslina I.V. Individual-tipological features of the functional capabilities of the respiratory muscles in athletes. Fundamentalnye issledovaniya. 2012; 9 (1): 73-77 [In Russ.].
7. Kuznetsov A. S., Kuznetsova Z. M. II Congress of members of the public organization "Russian Professorial Assembly". Pedagogiko-psyhologicheskie I medico-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury I sporta = Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2019; 14(4): 5-7. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-4-5-7 [In Russ., In Engl.].
8. Balamutova N.M. Hydropedagogy and hydrokinesiotherapy as a means of rehabilitation for students with scoliosis. Fizicheskoe vospitanie studentov. 2012; 1: 13-17 [In Russ.].
9. Bobrik Yu.V. The influence of physical exercises and exercises of the vocal genre on the contractile function of the respiratory tract. Tavricheskij medico-biologicheskij vestnik. 2002; 5 (4): 7-9 [In Russ.].
10. Salaznikova L.V. The influence of breathing exercises on the functional state of female students of a special medical group. Candidate's
thesis. Volgograd. 2000: 141.
11. Daskapan A., Tuzun E.H., Eker L. Relashionship between physical activity level and health related quality of life among university students. Saudi Medical Journal. 2005; 26: 10261028.
12. Extremera N., Fernandez-Berrocal P. Emotional intelligence as predictor of mental, social and physical health in university students. Spanish
Journal of Psychology. 2006; 9(1): 45-51.
13. Gill D.L., Hammond C.C., Reifsteck E.J., Jehu C.M., Williams R.A., Adfams M.M., ... Shang Y.T. Physical activity and quality of life. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. 2013; 46(Suppl. 1): S28-34. DOI: 10.3961/ jpmph.2013.46.S.S28.
Submitted: 12.01.2021 Author's information:
Olga B. Mametova - Senior Lecturer, Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky, 295017, Russia, Simferopol, Bitakskaya str., House 3, e-mail: olgamametova@mail.ru
Alla A. Titarenko - Candidate of Pedagogics, Senior Lecturer, Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky, 295017, Russia, Simferopol, Bitakskaya str., House 3, e-mail: alla titarenko@mail. ru
