CC BY
79
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-185-190
The study of respiratory function among foreign students of the Georgievskiy Medical University
Olga B. Mametova, Alla A. Titarenko*, Angelica V. Averkova
Vemadskiy Federal University, Crimea, (structural unit) Georgievkiy Medical Academy Russia, Crimea,
Simferopol
ORCID: 0000-0002-4807-6093, olgamametova@mail.ru ORCID: 0000-0003-2303-5575, alla_titarenka@mail.ru* 0RCID:0000-000l-9892-з88Х, averkovi4@rambler.ru
Annotation: The respiratory system plays an important role in the adaptive reactions of the body to the change of environment and is one of the main indicators of the physical performance state. The study of the external respiration function allows to evaluate the functional state of foreign students and make timely adjustments to the program of physical education for more successful adaptation of students to the conditions of the new environment. Materials. The research was conducted among the first-year students of the Medical Academy international medical faculty, all the representatives of India (English-speaking form of study). Research methods. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, testing, evaluation. The spirometry method was used to determine the parameters of arbitrary maximum ventilation. The study of maximum ventilation indicators was determined using a computer complex "Sphere-4". Results. According to the results of the study, the indicators of maximum voluntary lung ventilation in foreign students of the first-year study corresponds to 1 degree of pulmonary insufficiency. Conclusion. On the basis of the data obtained the authors propose adjustments in the content of physical education classes at the University, namely increase in the percentage of aerobic exercises to maintain normal lung ventilation.
Keywords: foreign students, adaptation, working capacity, maximum ventilation.
For citation: Olga B. Mametova, Alla A. Titarenko*, Angelica V. Averkova. The study of respiratory function among foreign students of the medical university named after S. I. Georgievsky. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2019; 14(1): 158-162. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-185-190
Introduction
The problem of Russian higher education convertibility, including medical, is particularly relevant in recent years. Thousands of foreign students from around the world study in Russian universities. Internationalization of modern higher education affects the problems of foreign students adaptation. It is determined primarily by the tasks of their further effective training as future professionals [1,2]. One of the University main objectives is to organize an effective process of teaching foreign students, ensuring high quality education. It will allow foreign students to effectively implement modern concepts of teaching in their chosen specialties.
Physical education of foreign students is 158 an integral part of the educational process and
professional training for developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East.
Foreign students, especially first-year students, face a number of problems caused by the language barrier, the climate of the region, different system of secondary education. At the initial stage of training, foreign students have serious social and psychological problems of adaptation. They affect the students' life and physical performance including. Hard work from the first days of training requires students to spend a lot of energy. All this determines the need to improve the pedagogical system, programs in individual disciplines for the successful adaptation of foreign students to new conditions.
Physical education is an essential factor in the formation of rehabilitation and preservation
of health. It allows to reduce the negative aspects of adaptation [1,3,4]. However, the solution of foreign student's physical education problems faces a number of difficulties. This is different educational and sports level of foreign students. Due to differences in socio-economic, political, religious and other features of the countries from different countries foreign students came to study; a high percentage of morbidity; language barrier; low physical fitness and inability for this reason of the physical education University program development.
Colds and infectious diseases in foreign students are much more common than in Russian students, especially in the first year of their stay in the country [2,5].
Physical development, physical performance are the main indicators characterizing the student's health state. One of the most important indicators of the physical performance state is the functional activity of external respiration. The influence of different intensity physical loads on the human body is primarily reflected in the cardio-respiratory system. This system ensures the adaptation of the body to various influences and reflects recovery processes dynamics.
According to the authors [5,6,7], one of the components limiting the efficiency of the respiratory system are the respiratory muscles. In the breathing process they carry out work to overcome elastic and nonelastic resistance. In this regard, it is necessary to study the functional state of foreign students' respiratory system at the initial stage of training at the University [4,8].
Indicator of maximum ventilation (MVL) is of interest - the maximum amount of air that passes through the lungs for 1 min. (MVL) can be determined at arbitrary hyperventilation at rest (breathing as deeply as possible and often at rest is not more than 15 seconds.). With the help of special equipment (MVL)can be determined during the performance of intensive physical work. This figure reflects the possibility of the lung's ventilation function. The value (MVL) reflects the functional state of the external breathing apparatus. It increases the fitness improvement. In combination with other data (MVL) is a valuable indicator of
physical condition, sharply decreasing in cases of fatigue or load mismatch functional capabilities of the students body. This is the most strenuous part of spirographic research. This indicator characterizes the limiting capabilities of the breathing apparatus. They depend on both the mechanical properties of the lungs and the ability to perform the test well in connection with the overall physical fitness of the subject [2,9]. To determine the indicators (MVL) of foreign students and compare them with the proper values at the initial stage of training, as the most difficult period of adaptation is of interest. At this time students are more prone to stress, colds and other negative factors [5].
In the study of the respiratory system functional state, it is important to distinguish the concepts of "functionality" and "functional ability". So, the value of the lungs vital capacity indicates only the potential growth of tidal volume during exercise. The value of the lungs maximum ventilation shows the extent to which these possibilities are actually used [3,8].
Thus, the study of external respiration function at the initial stage will make it possible to make timely adjustments to the practical part of physical education classes, for more successful adaptation of foreign students to the conditions of the new environment.
All the above determined is the relevance of our study.
The study involved 80 1st courses students of the international medical faculty (English-language form of education). All students were representatives of India and belonged to the main and preparatory medical group.
Indicators of maximum ventilation were recorded using a computer complex "Sphere-4". The procedure for determining the maximum pulmonary ventilation is carried out in the "Maximum ventilation" mode. It includes measuring the characteristics of the athlete's breathing through the measuring device for 10 sec. The subject carries out the deepest breathing at a given frequency with the help of a metronome.
Quantitative evaluation of spirographic indicators is made by comparing them with the standards obtained in the examination of healthy
people. Significant individual differences in healthy people, as a rule, are forced to take into account the sex, age, height and weight of the subjects rather than use the General average of a particular indicator. For the majority of spirographic indicators proper values are developed, for some - the range of individual differences of healthy people is defined. The due value in each case is taken as 100%, and the resulting survey-expressed as a percentage of the due. The data were statistically processed. The method of static characterization of the variation series with determination of arithmetic mean (x) and arithmetic mean error (Sx) was applied. Statistically significant differences were characterized by p value not more than 0.05. In the case of normal data distribution, student t-test for dependent samples was used for the analysis. Statistical package Statistica 6.1 was used for data analysis. To determine the proper values of respiratory indicators function, we conducted measurements of length and body weight of students.
Results and discussion
When studying the values of arbitrary maximum ventilation in foreign students the following results were obtained: the average value (MVL) was 51 ±1,9 l/min, which is 49±4,3% of the due values. The normal value for healthy are in the range of 70-120 l/min these figures are consistent with 1 degree of pulmonary insufficiency [9,10].
The decrease (MVL) occurs due to decrease in the volume of ventilated pulmonary tissue and decrease in bronchial patency, hypodynamia. Restoration and maintenance of normal ventilation is possible and necessary by means of physical culture. Insufficiently developed apparatus of external respiration can contribute to the development of various painful disorders in the body. Insufficient oxygen supply entails increased fatigue, decreased performance and resistance of the body, as a consequence - an increase in the risk of diseases.
The body's need for oxygen increases with muscle activity. The reserves of pulmonary alveoli unused before begin to function. This is accompanied by increased blood circulation in the tissue that entered into operation and increased
aeration (oxygen saturation) of the lungs.
During physical activity the increase in pulmonary ventilation is associated with an increased amplitude of the diaphragm movements. This fact has a positive impact on the state of other internal organs. Taking into account these factors and the development of special training programs will help to increase the functionality of the respiratory system and, as a consequence, the growth of efficiency.
Thus, all of the above dictates the need to make adjustments to the content of physical education classes. Physical activity with the inclusion of aerobic exercises and other means of comprehensive physical training have the most significant impact on the performance of students breathing systems functional state. It should be noted that the loads of force orientation do not affect the indices of external respiration function [1,3].
Conclusion
1. Indicators of lungs maximum voluntary ventilation in foreign students of Georgievskiy Medical Academy first year training are reduced by 49±4,3% that corresponds to 1 degree of pulmonary insufficiency.
2. This is need to reduce strength training and to increase the proportion of physical education classes content part aerobic orientation exercises.
3. The results of research (experiment) are aimed at the use of physical culture. It contributes to the improvement of foreign students. It is a significant reserve to improve their performance in the implementation of practical recommendations. At the same time, one of the main tasks of physical culture and health activities of the University is to achieve high functioning of the body most important systems. It contributes to the expansion of the adaptation boundaries to environmental factors.
Recommendations for practical trainings. Rational use of physical education means and methods both in motion and on the spot;
2. The ratio of physical exercises performed with breathing exercises;
3. Monitoring of the frequency and depth of inhalation and exhalation;
4. Use of breath holding during dynamic
and static exercises;
5. Performing exercises in different starting positions;
6. Focusing on the use of breathing techniques when running long distances: alternation of breath-exhalation in different versions for each movement;
7. It is necessary to include classes in the program on discipline "Physical culture" in the pool. Regular swimming exercises have a positive effect on the respiratory system, increase its functionality, develop and strengthen the organs.
During classes in the pool with foreign students, it is necessary to include different types of exhalations into the water: forced exhalation, long exhalation, exhalation in parts (incomplete exhalation-breath holding, etc.), exhalation after a long breath delay. All types of exhalations should be repeated 12-20 times, performed while standing still and walking. When students exhale into the water. The resistance of water is overcome. The respiratory muscles are trained. The mobility of the chest increases. It is important to monitor the rhythm of breathing. After exhaling into the water student only need to take one breath and then lower his face into the water and exhale again. Water pressure prevents inhalation, which leads to the development of muscles that expand the chest. At the same time, the water pressure on the sternum prevents the inhalation. It leads to the development of muscles that expand the chest and contribute to a more complete exhalation, improving gas exchange.
Swimming exercises are performed with average intensity. When swimming, the most remote areas of the lungs are involved in the breath. As a result, stagnant phenomena are excluded in them. Inclusion of the lung tissue inactive parts in the process of breathing allows to avoid their premature senile atrophy and many diseases of the respiratory system.
References
1. Korolinskaya S.V. Some problems of adaptation of foreign students of the English department. Physical education of students. 2011;
4: 48-51.
2. Chistoyeva A.E. The role of physical culture in the process of adaptation of foreign
students in USUE. Scientific community of students of the XXI century. Social Sciences: Sat. Art. on mat. LIX int. stud scientific-practical conf. 11 (58). URL: https: // sibac / info / arhive / social / 11 (58) .pdf /
3. Bobrik Yu.V. The impact of physical training and vocal exercises on the contractile function of the respiratory tract. Tauride Medical-Biological Herald. 2002; 5 (4): 7-9.
4. Pozdeeva L.V. Technology of physical education of female students with deviation in the functional state of the respiratory system. Candidates thesis. Khabarovsk, 2009. 163 p.
5. Kotsan I.Ya. Features of respiratory function in young people postpubertal period of ontogenesis. Physics of the living. 2008; 16 (1): 161165.
6. Gaivoronsky A.V. Anatomy of the respiratory system. M.: Publishing House ELBI. 2006: 40.
7. Salaznikova L.V. The effect of breathing exercises on the functional state of students of a special medical group. Candidates thesis. Volgograd, 2000. 141 p.
8. Suslina I.V. Individually-typological features of the functional capabilities of the respiratory muscles in athletes. Basic research. 2012; 9 (1): 73-77.
9. Bernardi L., Wdowczyk-Szulc J., Valenti C., Castoldi S., Passino C., Spadacini G., Sleight P. Effects of controlled breathing, mental activity and mental stress with or without verbalization on heart rate variability. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2000; 35(6): 1462-1469. DOI: 10.1016/
S0735-1097(00)00595-7.
10. Billat V., Flechet B., Petit B., Muriaux G., Koralsztein J. Interval training at VO2max: Effects on aerobic performance and overtraining markers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 19999; 31(1): 156-163. DOI: 10.1097/00005768199901000-00024.
11. Bosquet L., Gamelin F.-X., Berthoin S. Is aerobic endurance a determinant of cardiac autonomic regulation? European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2007; 100(3): 363-369. DOI: 10.1007/ s00421-007-0438-3.
12. Boutcher S.H., Park Y., Dunn S.L., Boutcher Y.N. The relationship between cardiac
autonomic function and maximal oxygen uptake response to high-intensity intermittent-exercise training. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2013; 31(9): 1024-1029. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.762984.
13. Lee J.-M., Basset D.R., Thompson D.L., Fitzhugh E.C. Validation of the Cosmed Fitmate for prediction of maximal oxygen consumption. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011; 25(9): 2573-2579. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fc5c48.
14. Mclaughlin J.E., Howley E.T., Bassett D.R., Thompson D.L., Fitzhugh E.C. Test of
Submitted: 09.02.2019
classic model for predicting endurance running performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2010; 42(5): 991-997. DOI: 10.1249/ MSS.oboi3e3i8ico669d.
15. Saboul D., Pialoux V., Hautier C. The breathing effect of the LF/HF ration in the heart rate variability measurements of athletes. European Journal of Sport Science. 2012: 1-7. DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2013.767947.
Author's information:
Olga B. Mametova - Senior Lecturer, Vernadskiy Federal University, Crimea (structural unit) Georgievskiy Medical Academy, Crimea, 295000, Russia, Republic of Crimea, Simferopol, Lenin blv., House 5/7, e-mail: olgamametova@mail.ru
Alla A. Titarenko* - Candidate of Pedagogics, Vernadskiy Federal University, Crimea (structural unit) Georgievskiy Medical Academy, Crimea, 295000, Russia, Republic of Crimea, Simferopol, Lenin blv., House 5/7, e-mail: alla_titarenka@mail.ru*
Angelica V. Averkova - Lecturer, Vernadskiy Federal University, Crimea (structural unit) Georgievskiy Medical Academy, Crimea, 295000, Russia, Republic of Crimea, Simferopol, Lenin blv., House 5/7, e-mail: averkovi4@rambler.ru
