35THE IMPORTANCE OF VISUAL TOOLS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF
SCIENCE LESSONS
Botirjon Bobir ugli Turaev
3rd year student of Primary Education and Sports Education, Namangan State
University
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the effectiveness of visual aids in teaching and educating primary school students and provides examples.
Keywords: Globe, map, model, application, compass, thermometer.
INTRODUCTION
From the first grade, students will be able to observe nature and work related to nature through excursions, subject lessons, texts on science from the "Reading Book" and direct observation of the textbook "The World Around Us". learn with. These classes use a variety of equipment and visual aids to help students organize their thinking activities. Visual aids include natural objects, real objects, their models, pictures, drawings, diagrams. Filmstrips and films, television and other teaching aids are used for teaching purposes.
METHODOLOGY
Visual aids. The use of a variety of visual aids in science lessons requires careful selection and preparation. Visual aids and wildlife have long been used in the educational process, for example, as early as the seventeenth century, the Amos exhibition was defined as an important principle. In the book The Great Didactics. [2: 406-410p]
The German Methodist Listerveg also praised the role of the show, saying that "no one can acquire knowledge in any other way than the show."
Later, K.D. Ushinsky developed this theory, arguing for the importance of exhibitionism; "Teach a child five unknown words anyway, and he will suffer for a long time in vain: but if you connect them with pictures, he will easily learn 20 such words as if they were flying." he wrote. In his works, Ushinsky notes that children perceive different words and knowledge through shapes, colors, sizes, and sounds, and that imagination is formed. The following visual aids are used in science teaching:
Natural display weapons are objects. They provide a more accurate and realistic picture of the material being studied, allowing children to develop scientific concepts based on direct perception. Accordingly, in order to study wildlife in the classroom or science room, it is necessary to have a variety of houseplants, as well as branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, which are typical of trees in the living quarters. Science classes use plants grown in a wildlife corner, herbariums and excursions (tulips, violets, sagebrush, chrysanthemums, mint, etc.). In nature lessons and excursions, living natural objects are used in natural conditions.
It is also a good idea to use natural objects to study animals. Although many animals can be shown to children in the classroom (in a corner of wildlife), care should be taken to organize excursions so that students learn not only about their appearance but also about their characteristic actions and behaviors. will also have the opportunity to meet. In the absence of live animals, chuchelas (overalls), models, or photographs and drawings of them may be used. However, films that show live animals in natural conditions give readers a much more realistic picture.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the study of inanimate nature is also a natural distribution material, tables of different colors granite, mica, quartz, feldspar, clay, sand, calcium (boron, marble, limestone), salt (for fertilization), rock salt and potassium samples of salt, coal, iron, copper ores, as well as metals and alloys (iron, cast iron, steel, aluminum, primary), soil samples, etc. They can be prepared by students in the classroom, in extracurricular activities.
Visual aids are widely used to create clear and accurate perceptions of natural objects and phenomena that cannot be directly perceived in children. Many of the demonstration equipment needed to study the science course is sold in specialty stores. For example, tables for the study of science in grades 3-4 in the category "Nature of the native land" are published. Mural murals can be used in nature, as well as tables in zoology, which help to form ideas and concepts about the objects of local lore of nature.
In grades 1-4, it is necessary to use a "Diary" with printed drawings, texts representing them, as well as questions and assignments. With the Diary, students work not only in the classroom but also at home. Diary entries help students analyze their observations, identify cause-and-effect relationships between natural phenomena, as well as the interaction of human labor with nature.
Map and globe. Globe - an enlarged view of the globe. Reflects its rotation around its own axis, the parallel and meridian lines, the north, south, west, east, lakes, oceans, and seas are represented by color images.
Students in 4th grade get a first idea of the map and globe, so the class should have a natural map of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a natural map of the hemispheres, a map of natural areas, a map of minerals. It also uses a large-scale plan of the area with conditional signs and a plan of the city or village where the students live and study. The "Our Homeland" atlas, designed for individual work of students in the classroom and at home, as well as a set of contour (without writing) cards for 4th grade is widely used. A globe with a diameter of 42.5 cm is used in class work, and a globe with a diameter of 15 cm is used in individual work.
Projection devices and class monitors. Projection apparatus includes a projection lamp that displays slides in glass, an alloscope that displays clear slides, and filmoscopes. In our industry, school projection devices are made with a special manual. With the development of modern technology, the organization of lessons has become much easier, for example, video projectors and classroom monitors. They are very convenient to show short documentary videos and pictures on the subject on the basis of slides
Science lessons use a overhead projector, sequentially executed, special transparencies drawn on a clear screen, as well as artificial weapons (color schemes), drawings, cuts, side views and other teaching aids.
Transparency is convenient in that it shows the dynamics (movement) of various processes (for example, the ignition of a lake, the formation of springs, the circulation of water in nature in a circle, etc.). allows Any picture drawn on a clear screen with a regular felt-tip pen, ballpoint pen or pencil directly on the desk of the overhead projector, the scheme allows you to show the side view on the screen. [2]
Wet preparations, dry preparations are naturally dried parts of plants and animals. These include cereals, industrial and vegetable crops. Vegetative parts of plants and flowers. The skeleton of a crayfish, the skeleton of vertebrates divided into sections, and the bone tissue belong to this group. Herbariums with size and connections are examples of natural exhibits
A model is a three-dimensional display weapon that depicts the appearance of an object or its individual parts. The model brings closer to the natural body, reflecting not only the appearance but also the internal content. It should also show the principle of operation, for example, the movement of the power plant around the earth's axis, the operation of the well, the water mill inanimate nature models include
globes, mountain models. Used to display them. There are also models of internal organs: models of hearts, lungs, kidneys, flowers, fruits and seeds, some of which can be made by children. At school, children can make their own plasticine, paraffin, and cardboard.
A model is a body's appearance, color, size, shape - without internal content. Natural science models are fruits and vegetables and root vegetables. It is ready-made from factories, that is, it is made according to the school program. Models are also created with the help of students during the club.
An application is a one-way, three-dimensional application. Plasticine is made from orgoyna-glass particles. The structure of the skin, lungs, kidneys, and other internal organs are studied in this way. The structure of the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the brain. "Teaching how to use a compass and a thermometer in elementary school is also very important.
A compass is a device used to determine the position of a place. The compass is used in the woods on the outskirts of the city, when traveling and hiking.
Thermometer - used to determine the expansion of liquids with changes in temperature. Thermometers are useful for monitoring the weather, water temperature, and using experiments on plants in science classes.
Stationary visual aids are very easy to store and use in the office. To this group:
a) educational pictures
b) tables
d) diagrams
e) slides;
f) schemes;
g) cards
h) portrait
i) postcards (flower papers);
j) pictures;
k) various didactic manuals. [1: 406-410s]
CONCLUSION
It's no secret that the role of visual aids in education is growing. The use of this principle is especially effective in primary school students. The reason is that the child has not yet seen many of the places and animals shown in the textbook, and his imagination is not developed. An easy and useful way to get an idea about them is to
explain them through pictures, models and short videos. That is, it is better to see once than to speak a thousand times. "
REFERENCES
1. D.Sharipova, D.Khodiyeva, M.Shirinov Natural science and its teaching methods // Textbook. T .: «Barkamol fayz media», 2018, 456 pages.
2. Nuriddinova M.I. Methods of teaching science: (textbook) Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan. —T .: Cholpon Publishing House, 2005. —240 p.
