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14Педагогические науки
THE IMPORTANCE OF THEATRICAL GAMES IN THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A PRESCHOOLER
AB. Capombi1
Abstract
Thanks to the theater, the child learns the world not only with his mind but also with his heart and expresses his own attitude to good and evil. Theatricalization is a means of self-expression and self-realization of the child.
Key words: theater, preschooler, cognition, expression, attitude.
Theatrical activity is one of the most accessible forms of art for children. Theater is a means of emotional and aesthetic education of children. Theatrical activity is close and understandable to the child, it is an inexhaustible source of emotional discoveries. Any invention, impressions from surrounding life, the child wants to embody in live images and actions. Entering into the image, he plays any role, trying to imitate what he saw and what interested him, and getting great pleasure. Thanks to the theater, the child learns the world not only with his mind but also with his heart and expresses his own attitude to good and evil. Theatrical activity helps the child to overcome shyness, self-doubt, shyness. Theatricalization is a means of self-expression and self-realization of the child.
The theatrical activity allows to form experience of social skills of behavior thanks to the fact that each fairy tale or literary work for children of preschool age always have a moral orientation (kindness, courage). Thanks to the theater, the child learns the world not only with his mind but also with his heart and expresses his own attitude to good and evil. Theatrical activity helps the child to overcome shyness, self-doubt, shyness. Theater in the kindergarten will teach the child to see the beautiful in life and in people, will give birth to the desire to carry the beautiful and good into life. Thus, the theater helps the child to develop comprehensively.
The whole life of children is full of play. Every child wants to play a role. To teach a child to play, to take on a role and to act, at the same time helping him to acquire life experience - all this helps to carry out theatrical activities.
Drama games allow you to solve a pedagogical problem for the formation of expressive speech - the ability to communicate with others, defend their point of view, as well as intellectual, communicative, aesthetic education, development of musical and creative abilities. The emotional impact of works of theatrical art stimulates language acquisition, causes a desire to share impressions, which contributes to the development of the child's speech. Carrying such a positive impulse, theatrical activity should be widely used in working with children.
The theatrical activity is an inexhaustible source of development of feelings, experiences, emotional discoveries of the child, introduces him to spiritual wealth, is the most important means of development of empathy-the condition necessary for the organization of joint activity of children.
Conditions for the development of theatrical games and introducing children to theatrical activities (S. A. Kozlova, T. A. Kulikova):
* from an early age to teach children to listen to the artistic word, emotionally respond to it, often refer to nursery rhymes, pestushkam, popevkam, jokes, poems, including encouraging dialogue;
* to educate children's interest in theatrical activities, to create situations in which the characters of the puppet theater enter into a dialogue with children, play scenes;
* take care of the equipment of theatrical games: the purchase of theatrical toys, making toys, costumes, decorations, attributes, stands with photos reflecting the theatrical games of pupils;
хСароглы Лариса Владимировна - преподаватель, Наманганский государственный университет, Узбекистан.
YneHbiH XXI BeKa • 2020 • № 1 (60)
* pay serious attention to the selection of literary works for theatrical games: with a moral idea understandable for children, with dynamic events, with characters endowed with expressive characteristics.
Participation of children in theatrical games and performances becomes possible with the formation of their readiness for this kind of activity: knowledge of theater as an art form; emotional and positive attitude to it and a certain experience of their own theatrical and gaming activities.
At different stages of familiarization of children with the theater and education of a positive emotional attitude to it, the tasks are solved :
- formation of ideas about the theater, emotional and positive attitude to it through observations, excursions; it is necessary to highlight the features of the theater as a cultural institution with the specifics of labor, social significance, the building itself and the interior;
- summing up to understanding the specifics of acting. On the basis of views of performances to form understanding by children of means of figurative expressiveness by means of which actors transfer an image;
- formation of ideas about theatrical professions (main and auxiliary) on observations of work of the make-up artist, the decorator, the costumer, etc. that activates interest to theatrical art, promotes expansion of a vocabulary (the make-up artist, the wig, the illuminator, etc.). Children will learn what the direct participants of the theatrical action (actors, musicians, conductor) are doing, who prepares the play for the production (Director, artist, choreographer), who provides conditions for its implementation (make-up artist, dresser, cloakroom attendant);
- familiarization with the rules of conduct in the cultural institution. A system of conversations, game dialogues, forming the moral side of interaction with the institution of art. The audience's experience of visiting theaters and museums contributes to the expansion and systematization of knowledge, strengthens the culture of behavior in the theater.
In the sphere of social development: the formation of positive relationships between children in the process of joint activities, education of culture of knowledge of adults and children, education of aesthetically valuable ways of communication in accordance with the norms and rules of life in society, the development of emotions. This allows the use of theatrical play in the moral education of children, when the multipolar standards become significant for the child not only when correlating themselves with a positive character, but also with a negative, unattractive (L. G. Lysyuk, S. G. Jacobson). This gives rise to social feelings, emotional attitude to events and actions that are important not only for the child personally, but also for others.
© AB. Caporabi, 2020.
