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Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific Journal) #1(17), 2017 sWäiH g
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
D. T. Miralieva,
Senior Lecturer of Education Department Tashkent State Economic University, Uzbekistan
THE IMPACT OF MASS CULTURE ON THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRITUAL
AND MORAL IMAGE OF TODAY'S YOUTH
ВЛИЯНИЕ МАССОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ ДУХОВНОГО И МОРАЛЬНОГО ОБЛИКА СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ
Д.Т. Миралиева,
старший преподаватель, кафедры педагогики Ташкентский государственный экономический университет, Узбекистан
Аннотация. В статье анализируются различные исторические условия, этапы становления массовой культуры, выявляется ее связь с духовностью, а также художественные и эстетические особенности.
Ключевые слова: массовая культура, молодежь, художественные особенности, эстетические особенности, духовно-нравственное развитие.
Abstract. The article analyzes the diverse historical conditions, the stages of mass culture, identifies its basic social functions, as well as artistic and aesthetic features. The author emphasizes dangerous consequences of mass cul-ture that affect the formation and spiritual and moral development of young people.
Keywords: mass culture, young people, artistic features, aesthetic features, spiritual and moral development.
In the context of globalization processes that will inevitably take place in almost all countries, including the Republic of Uzbekistan, the urgent and pressing is the question of entry into the territory of State different kinds of ide-as, principles, concepts, categories, a carrier, which is mass culture. Mass culture is a concept that serves to indicate the characteristics of the production of cultural values in the "mass society", intended for mass consumption [1, p. 456].
The problem of mass youth culture is associated with spirituality. Spirituality in the different historical and cultur-al contexts is associated with higher human search, then the moral standards and social ideals, then thinking. But the most general characteristic of spirituality is the recognition of its value aspects of the human psyche. Spirituality grows out of understanding of the difference of the ideal and the reality. Therefore, we can conclude that spirituality is historically taken shape type of cultural orientation. Spirituality is not some kind of feature or property or the religion of art, and that includes the completeness, integrity, in-terconnectedness of all components of the spiritual life of man [1, p. 376].
Of particular importance for the spiritual development of young people gets when becoming more common in to-day's world are exclusively material values: focus on material prosperity; good opportunities for recreation and entertainment; the recognition and admiration of others, and spiritual development, moral self-improvement are less attracted to the young.
This is due to several reasons, among which the most significant are the following:
- young people living in the general social and cultural space, and therefore the crisis of society and
its major institutions can not affect the content and direction of the youth subculture;
- the crisis of the family institution and family education, suppression of individuality and initiative of the child, a teenager, a young man, from both parents and teachers, all members of the "adult" world cannot fail to lead, on the one hand, to the social and cultural infantilism, and, on the other, to pragmatism and social unsuitability, and mani-festations of illegal or extremist [4].
Aggressive parenting style creates aggressive youth, leading eventually to alienation:
1. Commercialization of the media, various forms of popular culture began to influence decisively the for-mation of attitudes, the style and image of youth.
2. There is death of traditional forms of youth work, which is mainly related to traditional crafts and trades.
3. The catastrophic spread of such socially significant diseases such as drug addiction, AIDS, alcoholism, substance abuse [5, p. 44].
Today, in the minds of young people undergoing complex processes, the search for the road to a new society © Nuralieva D.T. / Hypa^neBa ^,.T., 2016
A sharp change in estimates, on the one hand shows that consciousness has not yet freed itself from the stereotypical thinking, and the other runs on a difficult soul-searching.
In modern conditions, the range of the spiritual interests of the youth is not a priority nature, spiritual and eve-ryday manifestations in youth populations leveled, cultural needs and interests are unstable.
However, it is impossible not to realize that young people have the prospect of forming their own sub-culture in the future. The development of the sub-
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culture associated with the actual cultural neoplasm more mature public rela-tions, globalization of specialized relations in society. The stabilization process, the stability of political and economic relations, the socialization of cultural types and priorities of socio-cultural regulation determine the trend of the spiritual and moral regeneration of society. This, in turn, gives rise to cultural identity and leads to the creation of a special mold culture. The dynamics of cultural life, enriched by national developments, form the basis for the emergence of various subcultures, where the youth subculture takes special place. [4]
Therefore, even today there is an important practical issue of developing a methodological model, the sociological study of youth subcultures society. It should be based on the theory of needs, from their inception to development and real state. And you must take into account the impact that the needs and nature of the specific conditions of social life.
In this case, these conditions are determined by a number of factors: changes in the socio-economic situation in the country, the cultural infrastructure. Further, a significant effect on the nature of the needs of migratory processes, changes in the socio-cultural aspect of the youth as the most mobile populations.
We should also take into account the need for free time.
And one more important point, without which it is impossible to fully present the structure of the spiritual needs of youth. We are talking about the fact that cultural development objective behind the development of the material sphere, not only determined by the latter, but it can have on their influence. It determines among the needs of those who, being in a dialectical subordination to the needs of society, have a certain autonomy. Based on this, a proper spiritual needs include:
- The need for knowledge (epistemological), human interest to the surrounding reality cognition and application of this knowledge in practice to influence the nature and society and to create a new product material and spiritual life;
- Moral need, commitment to the development of the moral behavior of the parties and the nature of the indi-vidual, as a sense of social justice, conscience, compassion, kindness, decency, honor, responsibility for the society and for their own actions [5, p. 46].
For the realization of these needs, not least influenced by factors such as the difference in the cultural devel-opment of different social strata, in their interests, free time activities:
- The need for spiritual communication (communicative), the human desire to establish connections and rela-tionships in different conditions of its activities, including in the sphere of family relations. This human need is met by sharing information, mastering the works of artistic culture, consumption of cultural goods, which contributes to the formation of favorable conditions for the development of the individual;
- Artistic and aesthetic need is a realization of natural sense of beauty as an expression of harmony and aes-thetic stimuli in the outlook of the person.
This requirement is implemented in the process of initiation to the art and culture largely reflects the value of a specific subculture [4, p. 27].
In this connection, it acquires special importance and meaning carried out in the country's democratic reforms and policies aimed at preserving the culture of the peoples who live in our land. Uzbekistan conducted a systematic policy to promote high art. The museums of our republic held a variety of activities to attract the attention of the younger genera-tion. At the educational level, educational organizations every week host a variety of spiritual and educational activities.
Under the auspices of the President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov youth spirituality, education of boys and girls, worthy descendants of our great ancestors, in the spirit of respect for national traditions and values are defined as a priority of state policy [2]. In the current conditions of globalization, issue of consciousness and fencing youth from the negative impact of "mass culture", prevention of threats, to enhance the role and importance of educational institutions in this process is becoming increasingly important [3].
In our country, the educational system is designed to promote the spiritual and moral education of youth. The subject of "The idea of national independence and the basis of spirituality" is introduced in educational institutions. In the educational process non-traditional and innovative teaching methods are widely used. "The lessons of spirituality" and open classes, held with the participation of scientists, psychologists and leading experts, are an important factor in increasing of awareness of the younger generation of their social duty and responsibility for the fate of the country, family, society, the motherland [3].
Thus, summarizing all the abovementioned, we can conclude that in general, in the formation of spiritual and values the whole past life experience of the individual is involved. Psychological basis of its value orientations is a diverse structure of needs, motivations, interests, ideals, beliefs, and values accordingly are intermittent, the change in the normal course of business.
The peculiarity of the current situation, in which the formation of the spiritual aspect of youth is the fact that this process takes place in the context of a weakening of the political and ideological pressure, the expansion of social inde-pendence and youth initiatives. It is accompanied by a revaluation of values, critical thinking experience of previous gen-erations, the new ideas about their professional future and the future of society. Also, do not forget that the youth is one of the leading units in the preservation, translation and development of cultural values, therefore, in my opinion, the consider-ation of the spiritual rebirth of youth as one of the directions of development of society is important and timely.
References
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2. Каримов, И. А. Высокая духовность -непобедимая сила / И. А. Каримов. - Т. : Маънави-ят, 2008. - С. 118.
3. Кравченко, А. И. Культурология: словарь. -2-е изд. / А. И. Кравченко. - М. : Академический проект, 2001. - С. 335.
4. Мухтаров, У. Повышение духовно-нравственного облика молодёжи в гражданском
обществе в Узбекистане / У. Мухтаров // Ж. CREDO new, №1, 2013. - [Электронный ресурс]. -Режим доступа : http://credonew.ru/content/ view/1195/68/.
5. Орлова, Э. А. Социокультурное пространство массовой культуры / Э. А. Орлова // Обсерватория культуры, 2004. - №3. - С. 4-10.
Хожиева З. У.
заместитель декан факультета искусствоведения, Национальный институт художеств и дизайна имени Камолиддина Бехзода (г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан)
Hojieva Z. U. Deputy Dean of the faculty of arts, The national Institute of arts and design named of Kamoliddin
Bekhzod (Tashkent, Uzbekistan)
РОЛЬ РЕФЛЕКСИИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ВОСПИТАНИЯ
THE ROLE OF REFLECTION IN THE PROCESS OF EDUCATION AND PARENTING
Аннотация:
B этом статье расматрывается рефлексивность педагогической деятельность. Рефлексивность- это не просто знание или понимание субъектом самого себя, но и выяснение того, как другие знают и понимают "рефлексирующего", его личностные особенности, эмоциональные реакции и когнитивные представления. Рефлексия неотделима от самонаблюдения, которое выражается в различных формах.
Ключевые слово: личность, субъект, объект, рефлекс, самообучение, понимание, самооценка, педагогическая деятельность, знание, эмоциональность.
Summary:
The article contemplates the reflectivity of teaching. Reflectivity is not just knowledge or comprehension of the subject himself, but also a clarification of how others know and understand the "reflecting person", his personality measures, emotional reactions and cognitive nations. Reflection is inseparable from self-observation that is expressed in various forms.
Key words: personal, subject, object, reflex, comprehension, self-appraisal, self-instruction, educational work teaching, knowledge, emotionality.
С первых лет независимости Узбекистана власти приступили к реформам в области образования и воспитания, науки и техники, профессионального обучения на территории всей страны. Назначенные задачи были удачно выполнены и, таким образом, достигнута высокая эффективность в области образования. В своей книге «Высокая духовность — непобедимая сила» Первый Президент Республики Узбекистан Ислам Каримов, отмечая героический труд широкой общественности, всего узбекского народа наряду с педагогами в достижении этой цели, писал: «Не стоит забывать, что фундамент нашего будущего будет заложен в местах образования, говоря иначе, будущее нашего народа связано с тем, какое образование сегодня получают наши дети. Для этого родители, учителя и наставники должны видеть в каждом ученике прежде всего личность. Исходя из этого обычного требования, воспитание наших детей свободно мыслящими, с широким мировоззрением, готовыми прожить разумную жизнь — это должно быть основной задачей педагогов, героически трудящихся в сфере образования и воспитания» [1.109]. Такое огромное чувство ответствен-
ности требует от педагогов совершенствовать свое педагогическое мастерство в соответствии с требованиями современного мира. Один из энциклопедических ученых эпохи возрождения Востока, дидактик, великий мыслитель, внесший огромный вклад в развитие естественных и общественных наук так описывал процесс воспитания и образования студентов и учеников в контексте взаимосвязи светских наук: «Наша цель — это не утомить получающих знания, а однообразное чтение одной и той же темы утомляет студентов, приводит к ослаблению их памяти. Если студент будет переходить из одной темы в другую, он будет чувствовать себя, как будто прогуливается по разным садам, ибо не успеет он пройти один сад, как начинается другой. Студент хочет видеть и созерцать каждый из них. Каждая новая вещь доставляет человеку удовольствие» [2.106].
Как нам известно, в последние годы местные и зарубежные ученые показали важность мышления и развития аналитических способностей педагогов при их педагогической деятельности. А основу этих талантов и навыков составляет профессиональная рефлексия педагога. Рефлексия (лат.
